Risk Factors of Childhood Asthma Among Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Centre in North-East India

References

• Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Global initiative for asthma. 2018. Available from: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2018-GINA.pdf. Accessed 02 Dec 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Asthma and children fact sheet. American Lung Association. Available from: www.https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/learn-about-asthma/asthma-children-facts-sheet. Accessed 02 Dec 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Drake KA, Galanter JM, Burchard EG. Race, ethnicity and social class and the complex etiologies of asthma. Pharmacogenomics. 2008;9(4):453–462. doi:10.2217/14622416.9.4.453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakhanpaul M, Bird D, Culley L, et al. The use of a collaborative structured methodology for the development of a multifaceted intervention programme for the management of asthma (the MIA project), tailored to the needs of children and families of South Asian origin: a community-based, participatory study. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2014 Sep. (Health Services and Delivery Research, No. 2.28.) Chapter 1, Overview and background of the Management and Interventions for Asthma project. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK260072/. Accessed September 8, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Asher I, Pearce N. Global burden of asthma among children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014;18(11):1269–1278. doi:10.5588/ijtld.14.0170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhalla K, Nehra D, Nanda S, Verma R, Gupta A, Mehra S. Prevalence of bronchial Asthma and its associated risk factors in school-going adolescents in Tier-III North Indian City. J Family Med Prim Care. 2018;7(6):1452–1457. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_117_18
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarma J, Sarmah KR Prevalence of Asthma and allergic rhinitis among school-going children (6-14 years) in Kamrup district, Metro, Assam, India. Available from: https://apiassam.com/admin/files/ajim_january_2016.pdf. Accessed September 8, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Braman SS. The global burden of asthma. Chest. 2006;130(1 Suppl):4S–12S. doi:10.1378/chest.130.1_suppl.4S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serebrisky D, Wiznia A. Pediatric Asthma: a Global Epidemic. Ann Glob Health. 2019;85(1):6. doi:10.5334/aogh.2416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pal R, Dahal S, Pal S. Prevalence of bronchial asthma in Indian children. Indian J Community Med. 2009;34(4):310–316. doi:10.4103/0970-0218.58389
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharma BS, Kumar MG, Chandel R. Prevalence of Asthma in urban school children in Jaipur, Rajasthan. Indian Pediatr. 2012;49(10):835–836. doi:10.1007/s13312-012-0188-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar GS, Roy G, Subitha L, Sahu SK. Prevalence of bronchial Asthma and its associated factors among school children in urban Puducherry, India. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2014;5(1):59–62. doi:10.4103/0976-9668.127289
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Osman M. Therapeutic implications of sex differences in asthma and atopy. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88(7):587–590. doi:10.1136/adc.88.7.587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almqvist C, Worm M, Leynaert B. working group of GA2LEN WP 2.5 Gender. Impact of gender on asthma in childhood and adolescence: a GA2LEN review. Allergy. 2008;63(1):47–57. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01524.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naeem A, Silveyra P. Sex Differences in Paediatric and Adult Asthma. Eur Med J. 2019;4(2):27–35.
   Google Scholar
• Becklake MR, Kauffmann F. Gender differences in airway behaviour over the human life span. Thorax. 1999;54(12):1119–1138. doi:10.1136/thx.54.12.1119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trivedi M, Denton E. Asthma in children and adults-what are the differences and what can they tell us about asthma? Front Pediatr. 2019;7:256. doi:10.3389/fped.2019.00256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson CL, Baumann LM, Romero K, et al. Effect of urbanization on asthma, allergy and airways inflammation in a developing country setting. Thorax. 2011;66(12):1051–1057. doi:10.1136/thx.2011.158956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez A, Brickley E, Rodrigues L, Normansell RA, Barreto M, Cooper PJ. Urbanization and asthma in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the urban-rural differences in asthma prevalence. Thorax. 2019;74(11):1020–1030. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211793
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azizpour Y, Delpisheh A, Montazeri Z, Sayehmiri K, Darabi B. Effect of childhood BMI on Asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. BMC Pediatr. 2018;18(1):143. doi:10.1186/s12887-018-1093-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedlund U, Eriksson K, Rönmark E. Socioeconomic status is related to incidence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in adults. Eur Respir J. 2006;28(2):303–310. doi:10.1183/09031936.06.00108105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozyrskyj AL, Kendall GE, Jacoby P, Sly PD, Zubrick SR. Association between socioeconomic status and the development of asthma: analyses of income trajectories. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(3):540–546. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.150771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen E, Shalowitz MU, Story RE, et al. Dimensions of Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Asthma Outcomes: evidence for Distinct Behavioral and Biological Associations. Psychosom Med. 2016;78(9):1043–1052. doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson G, Eick S, Jones R. How is the indoor environment related to asthma?: literature review. J Adv Nurs. 2005;52(3):328–339. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03591.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phipatanakul W. Environmental factors and childhood asthma. Pediatr Ann. 2006;35(9):646–656. doi:10.3928/0090-4481-20060901-08
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao D, Phipatanakul W. Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2011;11(5):414–420. doi:10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang T, Zhao Z, Yao H, et al. Housing characteristics and indoor environment in relation to children’s asthma, allergic diseases and pneumonia in Urumqi, China. Chin Sci Bull. 2013;58:4237–4244. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5727-0
   Google Scholar
• Dharmage SC, Perret JL, Custovic A. Epidemiology of Asthma in Children and Adults. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:246. doi:10.3389/fped.2019.00246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kero J, Gissler M, Grönlund MM, et al. Mode of delivery and asthma – is there a connection? Pediatr Res. 2002;52(1):6–11. doi:10.1203/00006450-200207000-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almqvist C, Cnattingius S, Lichtenstein P, Lundholm C. The impact of birth mode of delivery on childhood asthma and allergic diseases-A sibling study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012;42(9):1369–1376. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04021.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darabi B, Rahmati S, HafeziAhmadi MR, Badfar G, Azami M. The association between caesarean section and childhood asthma: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2019;15:62. doi:10.1186/s13223-019-0367-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rusconi F, Zugna D, Annesi-Maesano I, et al. Mode of Delivery and Asthma at School Age in 9 European Birth Cohorts. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;185(6):465–473. doi:10.1093/aje/kwx021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendola P, Männistö TI, Leishear K, Reddy UM, Chen Z, Laughon SK. Neonatal health of infants born to mothers with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(1):85–90.e904. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu T, Valdez R, Yoon PW, Crocker D, Moonesinghe R, Khoury MJ. The association between family history of asthma and the prevalence of Asthma among US adults: national Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004. Genet Med. 2009;11(5):323–328. doi:10.1097/GIM.0b013e31819d3015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paaso EM, Jaakkola MS, Rantala AK, Hugg TT, Jaakkola JJ. Allergic diseases and asthma in the family predict the persistence and onset-age of asthma: a prospective cohort study. Respir Res. 2014;15(1):152. doi:10.1186/s12931-014-0152-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Accordini S, Calciano L, Johannessen A, et al. A three-generation study on the association of tobacco smoking with asthma. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(4):1106–1117. doi:10.1093/ije/dyy031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar