223
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

How Does Mild Asthma Differ Phenotypically from Difficult-to-Treat Asthma?

ORCID Icon, , , , ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, , , , , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 1333-1345 | Received 08 Aug 2023, Accepted 08 Dec 2023, Published online: 19 Dec 2023

References

  • Asthma + Lung UK What is asthma?; 2021. Available from: https://www.asthma.org.uk/advice/understanding-asthma/what-is-asthma/. Accessed December 11 11, 2023.
  • GINA Difficult to Treat & Severe Asthma in adolescent and adult patients. Diagnosis and Management. A GINA pocket guide for health professionals. Version 3 0.April 2021; 2023. Available from: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/SA-Pocket-guide-v3.0-SCREEN-WMS.pdf. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  • Barnes P, Woolcock A. Difficult asthma. Eur Respir J. 1998;12(5):1209–1218. doi:10.1183/09031936.98.12051209
  • Patel GB, Peters AT. Comorbidities associated with severe asthma. J Precis Respir Med. 2019;2(1):5–9. doi:10.2500/jprm.2019.190006
  • Haldar P, Pavord ID, Shaw DE, et al. Cluster analysis and clinical asthma phenotypes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178(3):218–224. doi:10.1164/rccm.200711-1754OC
  • Teague WG, Phillips BR, Fahy JV, et al. Baseline features of the severe asthma research program (SARP III) cohort: differences with age. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018;6(2):545–554.e4. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2017.05.032
  • Shaw DE, Sousa AR, Fowler SJ, et al. Clinical and inflammatory characteristics of the European U-BIOPRED adult severe asthma cohort. Eur Respir J. 2015;46(5):1308–1321. doi:10.1183/13993003.00779-2015
  • Heaney LG, Brightling CE, Menzies-Gow A, Stevenson M, Niven RM. on behalf of the British thoracic society difficult asthma network. Refractory asthma in the UK: cross-sectional findings from a UK multicentre registry. Thorax. 2010;65(9):787–794. doi:10.1136/thx.2010.137414
  • FitzGerald JM, Tran TN, Alacqua M, et al. International severe asthma registry (ISAR): protocol for a global registry. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020;20(1):212. doi:10.1186/s12874-020-01065-0
  • Israel E, Reddel HK. Severe and difficult-to-treat asthma in adults. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(10):965–976.
  • Azim A, Newell C, Barber C, et al. Clinical evaluation of type 2 disease status in a real‐world population of difficult to manage asthma using historic electronic healthcare records of blood eosinophil counts. Clin Exp Allergy. 2021;51(6):811–820. doi:10.1111/cea.13841
  • Brusselle GG, Koppelman GH. Biologic therapies for severe asthma. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(2):157–171. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2032506
  • Chen W, Safari A, FitzGerald JM, Sin DD, Tavakoli H, Sadatsafavi M. Economic burden of multimorbidity in patients with severe asthma: a 20-year population-based study. Thorax. 2019;74(12):1113–1119. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213223
  • Serra-Batlles J, Plaza V, Morejon E, Comella A, Brugues J. Costs of asthma according to the degree of severity. Eur Respir J. 1998;12(6):1322–1326. doi:10.1183/09031936.98.12061322
  • National Review of Asthma Deaths. Confidential Enquiry Report; 2014. Available from: https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/national-review-asthma-deaths. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  • Azim A, Mistry H, Freeman A, et al. Protocol for the Wessex AsThma CoHort of difficult asthma (WATCH): a pragmatic real-life longitudinal study of difficult asthma in the clinic. BMC Pulm Med. 2019;19(1):99. doi:10.1186/s12890-019-0862-2
  • BTS/SIGN. SIGN 158: British guideline on the management of asthma; 2022. Available from: https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/quality-improvement/guidelines/asthma/. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  • Arshad SH, Holloway JW, Karmaus W, et al. Cohort profile: the isle of wight whole population birth cohort (IOWBC). Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(4):1043–1044i. doi:10.1093/ije/dyy023
  • Chen W, FitzGerald JM, Lynd LD, Sin DD, Sadatsafavi M. Long-term trajectories of mild asthma in adulthood and risk factors of progression. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018;6(6):2024–2032.e5. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2018.04.027
  • Jenkins CR, Boulet LP, Lavoie KL, Raherison-Semjen C, Singh D. Personalized treatment of asthma: the importance of sex and gender differences. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(4):963–971.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.002
  • Azim A, Freeman A, Lavenu A, et al. New perspectives on difficult asthma; sex and age of asthma-onset based phenotypes. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(10):3396–3406.e4. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.05.053
  • Eisner MD, Yelin EH, Katz PP, et al. Predictors of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation among adults with asthma. Am J Public Health. 2000;90(8):1307–1311. doi:10.2105/AJPH.90.8.1307
  • Arshad SH, Hodgekiss C, Holloway JW, et al. Association of asthma and smoking with lung function impairment in adolescence and early adulthood: the isle of wight birth cohort study. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(3):1900477. doi:10.1183/13993003.00477-2019
  • Apostol GG, Jacobs DR, Tsai AW, et al. Early life factors contribute to the decrease in lung function between ages 18 and 40: the coronary artery risk development in young adults study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(2):166–172. doi:10.1164/rccm.2007035
  • Hylkema MN, Sterk PJ, de Boer WI, Postma DS. Tobacco use in relation to COPD and asthma. Eur Respir J. 2007;29(3):438–445. doi:10.1183/09031936.00124506
  • Lazarus SC, Chinchilli VM, Rollings NJ, et al. Smoking affects response to inhaled corticosteroids or leukotriene receptor antagonists in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175(8):783–790. doi:10.1164/rccm.200511-1746OC
  • Chaudhuri R, Livingston E, McMahon AD, et al. Effects of smoking cessation on lung function and airway inflammation in smokers with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174(2):127–133. doi:10.1164/rccm.200510-1589OC
  • Mistry H, Ajsivinac Soberanis HM, Kyyaly MA, et al. The clinical implications of aspergillus fumigatus sensitization in difficult-to-treat asthma patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021;9(12):4254–4267.e10. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2021.08.038
  • Bender BG. Risk taking, depression, adherence, and symptom control in adolescents and young adults with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(9):953–957. doi:10.1164/rccm.200511-1706PP
  • Sastre J, Crespo A, Fernandez-Sanchez A, et al. Anxiety, depression, and asthma control: changes after standardized treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018;6(6):1953–1959. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2018.02.002
  • Fong WCG, Rafiq I, Harvey M, et al. The detrimental clinical associations of anxiety and depression with difficult asthma outcomes. J Pers Med. 2022;12(5):686. doi:10.3390/jpm12050686
  • Rimington LD. Relationship between anxiety, depression, and morbidity in adult asthma patients. Thorax. 2001;56(4):266–271. doi:10.1136/thorax.56.4.266
  • To T, Simatovic J, Zhu J, et al. Asthma deaths in a large provincial health system. A 10-year population-based study. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2014;11(8):1210–1217. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201404-138OC
  • Varkonyi-Sepp J, Freeman A, Ainsworth B, Kadalayil LP, Haitchi HM, Kurukulaaratchy RJ. Multimorbidity in difficult asthma: the need for personalised and non-pharmacological approaches to address a difficult breathing syndrome. J Pers Med. 2022;12(9):1435. doi:10.3390/jpm12091435
  • Maison N, Omony J, Illi S, et al. T2-high asthma phenotypes across lifespan. Eur Respir J. 2022;60(3):2102288. doi:10.1183/13993003.02288-2021
  • Jackson DJ, Busby J, Pfeffer PE, et al. Characterisation of patients with severe asthma in the UK severe asthma registry in the biologic era. Thorax. 2021;76(3):220–227. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215168
  • Barber C, Azim A, Newell C, et al. Validation and further insight into the International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR) eosinophil gradient algorithm in the Wessex AsThma CoHort of difficult asthma (WATCH) using historical blood eosinophil counts and induced sputum. Clin Exp Allergy. 2022;52(6):792–796. doi:10.1111/cea.14109
  • Woodruff PG, Modrek B, Choy DF, et al. T-helper Type 2–driven Inflammation defines major subphenotypes of asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;180(5):388–395. doi:10.1164/rccm.200903-0392OC