867
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Anemia and Its Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North-East Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

, , ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 47-58 | Published online: 11 Feb 2020

References

  • American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2017 abridged for primary care providers. Clin Diabetes. 2017;35(1):5. doi:10.2337/cd16-006728144042
  • World Health Organization. Guidelines on Second-And Third-Line Medicines and Type of Insulin for the Control of Blood Glucose Levels in Non-Pregnant Adults with Diabetes Mellitus. World Health Organization; 2018.
  • Binh TQ, Nhung BT. Prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged women in Northern Vietnam. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2016;36(2):150–157. doi:10.1007/s13410-015-0372-6
  • Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010;87(1):4–14. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.00719896746
  • Cho N, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, et al. IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;138:271–281. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.02329496507
  • Antwi-Bafour S, Hammond S, Adjei JK, Kyeremeh R, Martin-Odoom A, Ekem I. A case–control study of prevalence of anemia among patients with type 2 diabetes. J Med Case Rep. 2016;10(1):110. doi:10.1186/s13256-016-0889-427142617
  • Thomas MC, MacIsaac RJ, Tsalamandris C, et al. The burden of anaemia in type 2 diabetes and the role of nephropathy: a cross-sectional audit. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19(7):1792–1797. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfh24815102962
  • El-Achkar TM, Ohmit SE, Mccullough PA, et al. Higher prevalence of anemia with diabetes mellitus in moderate kidney insufficiency: the kidney early evaluation program. Kidney Int. 2005;67(4):1483–1488. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00226.x15780101
  • Mahjoub AR, Patel E, Ali S, Webb K, Astrow A, Kalavar M. Anemia in diabetic patients without underlying nephropathy, a retrospective cohort study. Blood. 2016;24(3):495–499.
  • Thomas MC, Cooper ME, Rossing K, Parving HH. Anaemia in diabetes: is there a rationale to TREAT? Diabetologia. 2006;49(6):1151. doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0215-616586069
  • McGill JB, Bell DS. Anemia and the role of erythropoietin in diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2006;20(4):262–272. doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.08.00116798479
  • Thomas M, Tsalamandris C, MacIsaac R, Jerums G. Anaemia in diabetes: an emerging complication of microvascular disease. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2005;1(1):107–126. doi:10.2174/157339905295258718220587
  • Thomas MC. The high prevalence of anemia in diabetes is linked to functional erythropoietin deficiency. Semin Nephrol. 2006;26:275–282. doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.05.00316949465
  • Astor BC, Muntner P, Levin A, Eustace JA, Coresh J. Association of kidney function with anemia: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994). Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(12):1401–1408. doi:10.1001/archinte.162.12.140112076240
  • Thomas MC, MacIsaac RJ, Tsalamandris C, Power D, Jerums G. Unrecognized anemia in patients with diabetes: a cross-sectional survey. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(4):1164–1169. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.4.116412663591
  • Craig KJ, Williams JD, Riley SG, et al. Anemia and diabetes in the absence of nephropathy. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(5):1118–1123. doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.111815855576
  • Montemarano N, Guttman J, McFarlane SI. Anemia of chronic kidney disease—a modifiable risk factor in a growing high cardiovascular risk population. Type 2 Diabet. 2013;253–267.
  • Forte V, Kim M, Steuber G, Asad S, McFarlane SI. Anemia of chronic kidney disease in diabetic patients: pathophysiologic insights and implications of recent clinical trials In: Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis, Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes and its Complications; IntechOpen. 2011:273–282.
  • Baisakhiya S, Garg P, Singh S. Anemia in patients with type II diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic retinopathy. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2017;6(2):303–306. doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2017.03082016604
  • Singh DK, Winocour P, Farrington K. Erythropoietic stress and anemia in diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009;5(4):204. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.1719352318
  • Barbieri J, Fontela PC, Winkelmann ER, et al. Anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Anemia. 2015 1–7. doi:10.1155/2015/354737
  • Gupta A, Gupta S, Gupta V, Gupta V. Evaluation of incidence of anemia in type 2 diabetic patients with normal renal function. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2017;4(1):132–134.
  • Makadiya R, Bhanvadia V, Bhavsar M, et al. Association of anaemia in type 2 DM in patients of Dhiraj General Hospital. Int J Biomed Adv Res. 2013;4(6):410–413. doi:10.7439/ijbar.v4i6.390
  • Bonakdaran S, Gharebaghi M, Vahedian M. Prevalence of anemia in type 2 diabetes and role of renal involvement. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2011;22(2):286.21422627
  • Adejumo BI, Dimkpa U, Ewenighi CO, et al. Incidence and risk of anemia in type-2 diabetic patients in the absence of renal impairment. Health. 2012;4(6):304–308. doi:10.4236/health.2012.46050
  • He BB, Xu M, Wei L, et al. Relationship between anemia and chronic complications in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Iran Med. 2015;18(5):277 doi:015184/AIM.00625959909
  • Thomas MC, Tsalamandris C, MacIsaac RJ, Jerums G. The epidemiology of hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am j Kidney Dis. 2006;48(4):537–545. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.06.01116997049
  • Ezenwaka CE, Jones-LeCointe A, Nwagbara E, Seales D, Okali F. Anaemia and kidney dysfunction in caribbean type 2 diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2008;7(1):25. doi:10.1186/1475-2840-7-2518752687
  • Ahmed K, Danial K, Khurram A, Wasey MA, Ahmed M, Jangda ZA. To evaluate the renal function deterioration along with other anemia predictors in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Surg. 2017;33(2):135–139.
  • Sharif A, Younus S, Baig K, Ali NH. Prevalence and risk of anemia in type-2 diabetic patients. Health. 2014;6(12):1415. doi:10.4236/health.2014.612173
  • Feteh VF, Choukem SP, Kengne AP, Nebongo DN, Ngowe-Ngowe M. Anemia in type 2 diabetic patients and correlation with kidney function in a tertiary care sub-Saharan African hospital: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol. 2016;17(1):29. doi:10.1186/s12882-016-0247-126994993
  • Abate A, Birhan W, Alemu A. Association of anemia and renal function test among diabetes mellitus patients attending Fenote Selam Hospital, West Gojam, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Hematol. 2013;13(6):1–7. doi:10.1186/2052-1839-13-624499661
  • Fayed HM, Elsaied AR, Alsenbesy MA, Moubark IA. Proportion of anemia in type 2 diabetic patients in qena governorate Case–Control Study: clinical correlates and prognostic significance. Int J of Diabet Res. 2013;2(4):64–75.
  • Thomas MC. Anemia in diabetes: marker or mediator of microvascular disease? Nat Rev Nephrol. 2007;3(1):20.
  • Samuel TR, Tejaswi N, Kumar P, et al. Clinical significance of screening for anaemia in diabetic patients. Artic Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2018;48(2):20–24.
  • Salma M, AlDallal NJ. Prevalence of anemia in type 2 diabetic patients. J Hematol. 2018;7(2):57–61. doi:10.14740/jh411w
  • Periasamy S, Xavier AA, Gowtham R. Incidence of anemia in type 2 diabetic mellitus and its prognostic index. Int J Med Res Rev. 2016;4(7):1239–1242.
  • Holland DC, Lam M. Predictors of hospitalization and death among pre‐dialysis patients: a retrospective cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000;15(5):650–658. doi:10.1093/ndt/15.5.65010809806
  • Abebe N, Kebede T, Addise D. Diabetes in Ethiopia 2000–2016 prevalence and related acute and chronic complications; a systematic review. Afr J Diabet Med. 2017;25:2.
  • The Ethiopian Hearald. Ethiopia: Hospital Reform Improving Health Care Service Delivery; 2018 Available from: http://allafrica.com/stories/201707100519.html. Accessed July 21, 2019.
  • Seidell JC, Flegal KM. Assessing obesity: classification and epidemiology. Br Med Bull. 1997;53(2):238–252. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a0116119246834
  • Kiernan M, Winkleby MA. Identifying patients for weight-loss treatment: an empirical evaluation of the NHLBI obesity education initiative expert panel treatment recommendations. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(14):2169–2176. doi:10.1001/archinte.160.14.216910904460
  • World Health Organization. Haemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anaemia and Assessment of Severity. World Health Organization; 2011.
  • Paul D, Paul S, Asaduzzaman M, Juliana FM, Hossain MS. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with anemia in a Bangladeshi population-A Case Control Study. Int J Heal Sci Res. 2017;7(3):121–125.
  • Fiseha T, Mengesha T, Girma R, Kebede E, Gebreweld A. Estimation of renal function in adult outpatients with normal serum creatinine. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(1):462. doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4487-631358035
  • Kassahun T, Eshetie T, Gesesew H. Factors associated with glycemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional survey in Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9(1):78. doi:10.1186/s13104-016-1896-726861243
  • Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(9):604–612. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-0000619414839
  • Thomas MC, Cooper ME, Tsalamandris C, MacIsaac R, Jerums G. Anemia with impaired erythropoietin response in diabetic patients. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(4):466–469. doi:10.1001/archinte.165.4.46615738380
  • Ranil PK, Raman R, Rachepalli SR, et al. Anemia and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Assoc Physicians India. 2010;58:91–94.20653149
  • Mojiminiyi OA, Abdella NA, Zaki MY, El Gebely SA, Mohamedi HM, Aldhahi WA. Prevalence and associations of low plasma erythropoietin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. 2006;23(8):839–844. doi:10.1111/dme.2006.23.issue-816911620
  • Trevest K, Treadway H, Hawkins-van der Cingel G, Bailey C, Abdelhafiz AH. Prevalence and determinants of anemia in older people with diabetes attending an outpatient clinic: a cross-sectional audit. Clin Diabetes. 2014;32(4):158. doi:10.2337/diaclin.32.4.15825646941
  • Hosseini MS, Rostami Z, Saadat A, Saadatmand SM, Naeimi E. Anemia and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nephrourol Mon. 2014;6(4)::1–7. doi:10.5812/numonthly
  • Shams N, Osmani MH. Newly diagnosed anemia in admitted diabetics, frequency, etiology and associated factors. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2015;25(4):242–246. doi:04.2015/JCPSP.24224625899186
  • Idris I, Tohid H, Muhammad NA, et al. Anaemia among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD): a multicentred cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2018;8(12):1–9. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025125
  • Thambiah SC, Samsudin IN, George E, et al. Anaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Hospital Putrajaya. Malaysian J Med Health Sci. 2015;11(1):49–62.
  • Ahmed AT, Go AS, Warton EM, Parker MM, Karter AJ. Ethnic differences in anemia among patients with diabetes mellitus: the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE). Am J Hematol. 2010;85(1):57–61. doi:10.1002/ajh.2157720029942
  • Chen CXR, Li YC, Chan SL, Chan KH. Anaemia and type 2 diabetes: implications from a retrospectively studied primary care case series. Hong Kong Med J. 2013;19(3):214–221. doi:10.12809/hkmj13381423568938
  • Bhargav K, Baruah K, Kumar Agrawal P, et al. Study of anaemia in type II diabetes mellitus in relation to glycemic control. Int Arch Biomed Clin Res. 2016;2(4):29–33. doi:10.21276/iabcr.2016.2.4.7
  • Puneeth BS, Mural R, Brid NS. Study of hematological profile of anemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Sch J Appl Med Sci. 2017;5:1070–1073.
  • Abdulqadir AH, Polus RK. Prevalence of anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia among adult diabetic patients in Erbil City. Zanco J Med Sci. 2014;18(1):674–679. doi:10.15218/zjms.2014.0013
  • Madu AJ, Ughasoro MD. Anaemia of chronic disease: an in-depth review. Med Princ Pract. 2017;26(1):1–9. doi:10.1159/00045210427756061
  • Ida H. Pathogenesis and clinical examination of autoinflammatory syndrome. Rinsho Byori Jpn j Clin Pathol. 2015;63(10):1207–1212.
  • Angelousi A, Larger E. Anaemia, a common but often unrecognized risk in diabetic patients: a review. Diabetes Metab. 2015;41(1):18–27. doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2014.06.00125043174
  • Aljohani AH, Alrubyyi MA, Alharbi AB, et al. The relation between diabetes type II and anemia. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2018;70(4):526–531. doi:10.12816/0043795
  • Cullis JO. Diagnosis and management of anaemia of chronic disease: current status. Br J Haematol. 2011;154(3):289–300. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08741.x21615381
  • Pappa M, Dounousi E, Duni A, Katopodis K. Less known pathophysiological mechanisms of anemia in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol. 2015;47(8):1365–1372. doi:10.1007/s11255-015-1012-226017902
  • Ravanan R, Spiro JR, Mathieson PW, Smith RM. Impact of diabetes on haemoglobin levels in renal disease. Diabetologia. 2007;50(1):26–31. doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0514-y17131141
  • Thomas S, Stevens PE. Anaemia in diabetic kidney disease: an area for improvement? Pract Diabet Int. 2006;23(1):22–26. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1528-252X
  • Alsayegh F, Waheedi M, Bayoud T, Al Hubail A, Al-Refaei F, Sharma P. Anemia in diabetes: experience of a single treatment center in Kuwait. Prim Care Diabetes. 2017;11(4):383–388. doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2017.04.00228473191
  • Babitt JL, Lin HY. Mechanisms of anemia in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;23(10):1631–1634. doi:10.1681/ASN.201111107822935483
  • Kaushik D, Parashar R, Malik PK. Study of anaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Res Med Sci. 2018;6(5):1529–1533. doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20181428
  • Goldhaber A, Ness-Abramof R, Ellis M. Prevalence of anemia among unselected adults with diabetes mellitus and normal serum creatinine levels. Endoc Pract. 2009;15(7):714–719. doi:10.4158/EP09119.ORR
  • Choi CW, Lee J, Park KH, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of anemia in the elderly: cross‐sectional study of three urban Korean population samples. Am J Hematol. 2004;77(1):26–30. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1096-865215307102
  • Salive ME, Cornoni‐Huntley J, Guralnik JM, et al. Anemia and hemoglobin levels in older persons: relationship with age, gender, and health status. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992;40(5):489–496. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02017.x1634703
  • Gaskell H, Derry S, Moore RA, McQuay HJ. Prevalence of anaemia in older persons: systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2008;8(1):1. doi:10.1186/1471-2318-8-118194534
  • Chung JO, Cho DH, Chung DJ, Chung MY. Associations between hemoglobin concentrations and the clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes. Korean J Intern Med. 2012;27(3):285. doi:10.3904/kjim.2012.27.3.28523019393
  • Rathod GB, Parmar P, Rathod S, Parikh A. Prevalence of anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. Int Arch Integ Med. 2016;3:12–16.
  • Adejumo BI, Dimkpa U, Ewenighi CO, Erhabor TA. The incidence of anemia and the impact of poor glycemic control in type-2 diabetic patients with renal insufficiency. J Biol Agric Healthcare. 2013;3(13):130–136.
  • Ahmed AM, Hussein A, Ahmed NH. Diabetic autonomic neurapathy. Saudi Med J. 2000;21(11):1034–1037.11360064
  • Töyry JP, Niskanen LK, Mäntysaari MJ, Länsimies EA, Uusitupa MI. Occurrence, predictors, and clinical significance of autonomic neuropathy in NIDDM: ten-year follow-up from the diagnosis. Diabetes. 1996;45(3):308–315. doi:10.2337/diab.45.3.3088593935
  • Mehdi U, Toto RD. Anemia, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(7):1320–1326. doi:10.2337/dc08-077919564475
  • Kitada M, Zhang Z, Mima A, GL K. Molecular mechanisms of diabetic vascular complications. J Diabetes Investig. 2010;1(3):77–89. doi:10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00018.x
  • Creager MA, Lüscher TF, Cosentino F, Beckman JA. Diabetes and vascular disease: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: part I. Circulation. 2003;108(12):1527–1532. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000091257.27563.3214504252
  • Loutradis C, Skodra A, Georgianos P, et al. Diabetes mellitus increases the prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: a nested case-control study. World J Nephrol. 2016;5(4):358. doi:10.5527/wjn.v5.i4.35827458564
  • Jones SC, Smith D, Nag S, et al. Prevalence and nature of anaemia in a prospective, population‐based sample of people with diabetes: teesside anaemia in diabetes (TAD) study. Diabet Med. 2010;27(6):655–659. doi:10.1111/dme.2010.27.issue-620546283