293
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Correlation of Serum Ferritin and Liver Iron Concentration with Transient Liver Elastography in Adult Thalassemia Intermedia Patients with Blood Transfusion

&
Pages 235-243 | Published online: 15 Apr 2021

References

  • Wood B, Molecular Higgs D. Basis of thalassemia syndromes. In: Beaumont C, Beris P, Beauzard Y, Brugnara C, editors. Disorders of Erythropoiesis, Erythrocytes, and Iron Metabolism. Italy: European School of Hematology; 2009:251–262.
  • Taher AT, Vichinsky E, Musallam K, Cappellini MD, Viprakasit V. Guidelines for the management of non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT). In: Thalassemia International Federation. Cyprus: Publisher Thalassemia International Federation; 2013:1–8.
  • Musallam KM, Rivella S, Vichinsky E, Rachmilewtz EA. Review articles. Non-transfusion dependent thalassemias. Hematol J. 2013;98(6):833–844. doi:10.3324/haematol.2012.066845
  • Hematology Oncology Indonesia Working Group. Data Registri Thalassemia Indonesia. Children Thalassemia Center RSUPNCM Jakarta; 2016.
  • Viprakasit V, Porter J. Iron overload and chelation. In: Capellini M, Cohen A, Porter J, Taher A, Viprakasit V, editors. Guidelines for the Management of Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia (TDT). 3rd ed. Thalassemia International Federation: Thalassemia International Federation Publishers; 2014:42–96. TIF Publication No. 20.
  • Taher AT, Musallam KM, Beshlawy A, et al. Efficacy and safety of long-term (>7 year) alemtuzumab therapy for refractory T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2010;150(4):480–497. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08218.x
  • Musallam KM, Cappellini MD, Wood JC, et al. Elevated liver iron concentration is a marker of increased morbidity in patients with β-thalassemia intermedia. Hematol J. 2011;96(11):1605–1612. doi:10.3324/haematol.2011.047852
  • Musallam KM, Cappellini MD, Taher AT. Evaluation of the 5 mg/g liver iron concentration threshold and its association with morbidity in patients with β- thalassemia intermedia. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2013;51(1):35–38. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.01.015
  • Pantalone GR, Lace D, Valenza F, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with thalassemia syndrome: clinical characteristics and outcome in a long-term single center experience. Br J Haematol. 2010;150(2):226–248. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08179.x
  • Taher AT, Viprakasit V, Musallam KM, Cappellini MD. Critical review: treating iron overload in patients with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Am J Hematol. 2013;88(5):409–415. doi:10.1002/ajh.23405
  • Taher AT, Musallam KM, Wood JC, Cappellini MD. Magnetic resonance evaluation of hepatic and myocardial iron deposition in thalassemia intermedia independent transfusion – compared to regularly transfused thalassemia major patients. Am J Hematol. 2010;85(4):288–290. doi:10.1002/ajh.21626
  • Puliyel M, Sposto R, Bardoukas V, et al. Ferritin trends do not predict changes in total body iron in patients with transfusional iron overload. Am J Hematol. 2014;89(4):391–394. doi:10.1002/ajh.23650
  • Pipaliya N, Solanke D, Parikh P, et al. Comparison of tissue elastography with magnetic resonance imaging T2 * and serum ferritin quantification in detecting liver iron overload in the patient with thalassemia major. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016.
  • Musallam KM, Motta I, Salvatori M, et al. Longitudinal changes in serum ferritin levels correlate with measures of hepatic stiffness transfusion-independent in patients with β-thalassemia intermedia. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2012;49(3–4):136–139. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.06.001
  • Fraquelli M, Cassinerio E, Roghi A, et al. Transient elastography in the assessment of liver fibrosis in adult thalassemia patients. Am J Hematol. 2010;85(8):564–568. doi:10.1002/ajh.21752
  • Weatherall DJ. The definition and epidemiology of non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Blood Rev. 2012;26S:S3–6. doi:10.1016/S0268-960X(12)70003-6
  • Sengsuk C, Tangvarasittichai O, Chantanaskulwong P, et al. Association of iron overload with oxidative stress, hepatic damage, and dyslipidemia in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia/HbE patients. Ind J Clin Biochem. 2014;29(3):298. doi:10.1007/s12291-013-0376-2
  • Viprakasit V, Tyan P, Rodmai S, Taher AT. Review. Identification and key management of non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients: not a rare but under-recognized potentially condition. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2014;9(131):1–11. doi:10.1186/s13023-014-0131-7
  • Cappellini MD, Musallam KM, Cesarwtti C, Taher A. Thalassemia intermedia. In: Beaumont C, Beris P, Beauzard Y, Brugnara C, editors. Disorders of Erythropoiesis, Erythrocytes, and Iron Metabolism. Italy: European School of Hematology; 2009:287.
  • Maharani EA, Soedarmono Y, Nainggolan IM. Frequency of thalassemia carrier and Hb variant and the quality of stored donor blood. Med J Indones. 2014;23(4):209–212. doi:10.13181/mji.v23i4.766
  • Musallam KM, Cappellini MD, Wood JC, Taher AT. Iron overload in non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia: a clinical perspective. Blood Rev. 2012;26S:S16–9. doi:10.1016/S0268-960X(12)70006-1
  • Musallam KM, Taher AT, Rachmilewitz EA. Β-thalassemia intermedia: a clinical perspective. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012;2(7):1–15. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a013482
  • Taher AT, Musallam KM, Cappellini MD, Weatherall DJ. Optimal management of β thalassemia intermedia. Br J Haematol. 2011;152(5):512–523. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08486.x
  • Taher A, Isma’eel H, Cappellini MD. Thalassemia intermedia: revisited. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2006;37(1):12–20. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2006.04.005
  • Kohgo Y, Ikuta K, Ohtake T, Torimoto Y, Kato J. Body of iron metabolism and the pathophysiology of iron overload. Int J Haematol. 2008;88(1):7–15. doi:10.1007/s12185-008-0120-5
  • Rivella S. The role of ineffective erythropoiesis in a non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Blood Rev. 2012;26S:S12–5. doi:10.1016/S0268-960X(12)70005-X
  • Batts KP. Iron overload syndromes and the liver. Mod Pathol. 2007;20(S1):S31–9. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800715
  • Taher A, Hershko C, Cappellini MD. Iron overload in thalassemia intermedia: reassessment of iron chelation strategies. Br J Haematol. 2009;147(5):634–640. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07848.x
  • Musallam KM, Cappellini MD, Daar S, et al. Serum ferritin levels and morbidity risk in transfusion-independent in patients with β-thalassemia intermedia: the ORIENT Study. Hematol J. 2014;99(11):e218–21. doi:10.3324/haematol.2013.097220
  • Musallam KM, Cappellini MD, Daar S, Karimi M, El-Beshlawy A, Taher AT. Serum ferritin levels and morbidity in β-thalassemia intermedia: a 10-year cohort study. [Abstract]. Am Soc Hematol. 2012.
  • Hershko C. Pathogenesis and management of iron toxicity in thalassemia. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2010;1202(1):1–9. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05544.x
  • Pietrangelo A. Mechanism of iron hepatotoxicity. Hepatol. 2016;65(1):226–227. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.037
  • Britton RS, Leicester KL, Bacon BR. Iron toxicity and chelation therapy. Int J Haematol. 2002;76(3):219–228. doi:10.1007/BF02982791
  • Taher A, Rassi F, Isma’eel H, Koussa S, Inati A, Cappellini MS. Correlation of liver iron concentration determined by R2 magnetic resonance imaging with serum ferritin in patients with thalassemia intermedia. Hematol J. 2008;93(10):1584–1586. doi:10.3324/haematol.13098
  • Pakbaz Z, Fischer R, Fung E, Nielsen P, Harmatz P, Vichinsky E. Serum ferritin underestimates liver iron concentration in patients with thalassemia transfusion independent as compared to regularly transfused thalassemia and sickle cell patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;49(3):329–332. doi:10.1002/pbc.21275
  • Shah R, Treban A, Das R, Marwaha R. Serum ferritin in thalassemia intermedia. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2014;30(4):281–285. doi:10.1007/s12288-013-0267-y
  • Taher AT, Porter JB, Kattamis A, et al. Defining serum ferritin thresholds to predict clinically relevant liver iron concentrations for guiding deferasirox therapy when MRI is unavailable in patients with non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemia. Br J Haematol. 2015;168(2):284–290. doi:10.1111/bjh.13119
  • Bacon BR, Adams PC, Kowdley KV, Powell LW, Tavill US. Diagnosis and management of hemochromatosis: 2011 practice guideline by the American association for the study of liver disease. Hepatology. 2011;54(1):328–343. doi:10.1002/hep.24330
  • Garbowski M, Carpenter J, Smith G, et al. Biopsy-based calibration of T2 * magnetic resonance for estimation of liver iron concentration and comparison with R2 Ferris can. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2014;16(40):1–11. doi:10.1186/1532-429X-16-40
  • Szurowska E, Sikorska K, Swieszewska E, et al. The role of MR imaging in the detection of hepatic iron overload in patients with cirrhosis of different origins. BMC Gastroenterol. 2010;10(13):1–14.
  • Timothy G, Pierre CP, Chua-anusom W, et al. Noninvasive measurement and imaging of liver iron concentrations using proton magnetic resonance. Blood. 2005;105(2):855–856. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-01-0177
  • Echeverria J, Castiella A, Emparanza J. Quantification of iron concentration in the liver by MRI. Insights Imaging. 2012;3(2):173–180. doi:10.1007/s13244-011-0132-1
  • Henninger B, Kremser C, Rauch S, et al. Evaluation of MR imaging with T1 and T2 * mapping for the determination of hepatic iron overload. Eur Radiol. 2012;22(11):2478–2486. doi:10.1007/s00330-012-2506-2
  • Gandon Y, Oiivie D, Guyader D, Aube C, Oberti F, Sebille V. Non-invasive assessment of hepatic iron stores by MRI. Lancet North Am. 2004;363(9406):357–362. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15436-6
  • Wood JC, Enriquez C, Ghugre N, et al. MRI R2 and R2 * mapping accurately estimates hepatic iron concentration in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and sickle cell disease Patients. Blood. 2005;106(4):1460–1465. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-10-3982
  • Sarigianni M, Liakos A, Vlachaki E, et al. Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of liver iron overload: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13(1):55–63. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2014.05.027
  • Angelucci E, Giovagnoni A, Valeri G, et al. Limitations of magnetic resonance imaging in measurement of hepatic iron. Blood. 1997;90(12):4736–4742. doi:10.1182/blood.V90.12.4736
  • Verissimo MP, Loggetto SR, Fabron A Jr., et al. Special articles Brazilian protocol for thalassemia association of iron chelation therapy in patient under regular transfusion. Reu Braz Hematol. 2013;35(6):428–434.
  • Castiella A, Zapata E. Non-invasive prediction methods for liver fibrosis in hemochromatosis: one step beyond. World J Hepatol. 2010;2(7):251–255. doi:10.4254/wjh.v2.i7.251
  • Papastertergiou V, Tsochatzis E, Burroughts AK. Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis. Ann Gastroenterol. 2012;25(3):218–231.
  • Adhoute X, Foucher J, Laharie D, et al. Diagnosis of liver fibrosis and other FibroScan using noninvasive methods in patients with hemochromatosis: a prospective study. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2008;32(2):180–187. doi:10.1016/j.gcb.2007.12.021
  • Talwalkar J, Kurtz D, Schoenleber S, West C, Montori V. Ultrasound-based transient elastography for the detection of hepatic fibrosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5(10):1214–1220. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2007.07.020
  • Paparo F, Cevasco L, Zefiro D, et al. Diagnostic value of real-time elastography in the assessment of hepatic fibrosis in patients with liver iron overload. Eur J Radiol. 2013;82(12):e755–61. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.08.038
  • Marco V, Bronte F, Cabibi D, et al. Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in thalassemia major patients by transient elastography (TE) – lack of interference by iron deposition. Br J Haematol. 2009;148(3):476–479. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07996.x
  • Taher AT, Cappellini MD, Musallam KM. Recent advances and treatment challenges in patients with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Blood Rev. 2012;26S:S1–2. doi:10.1016/S0268-960X(12)00028-8
  • Telfer PT, Prestcott E, Holden S, Walker M, Hoffbrand AV, Wonke B. Hepatic iron concentration combined with long term monitoring of serum ferritin to predict complication of iron overload in thalassemia major. Br J Haematol. 2000;110(4):971–977. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02298.x
  • Children Thalassemia Center RSUPNCM. Data MRI T2 * liver and heart in Dept. pediatrics 2014 Jakarta. Anak: Thalassemia Center; 2014
  • Olivieri NF, Gary MB, Doreen M, Matitiahu B, Laurence MB. Iron-chelation therapy with oral deferiprone in patients with major thalassemia. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(14):918–922. doi:10.1056/NEJM199504063321404
  • Galanello R, Piga A, Forni GL, et al. Phase II clinical evaluation of deferasirox, a once daily oral chelating agent, in pediatric patients with B-thalassemia major. Hematol J. 2006;91:1343–1351.
  • Adams P, Barton J. A diagnostic approach to hyperferritinemia with a non-elevated transferrin saturation. J Hepatol. 2011;55(2):453–458. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.02.010
  • Al-Refaie FN, Silva CE, Wonke B. Hoffbrand AV changes in transferrin saturation after treatment with the oral iron chelator deferiprone in patients with iron overload. J Clin Pathol. 1996;48(2):110–114. doi:10.1136/jcp.48.2.110
  • Sinakos E, Vasilios P, Efthimia V, Ioanna T, Maria RG. Is liver stiffness really unrelated to liver iron concentration? Br J Haematol. 2010;150(2):247–248. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08183.x
  • Ezzat H. Utility of transient elastography (FibroScan) in estimating hepatic iron concentration in comparison to MRI in patients with transfusion dependent hemoglobinopathies. [Abstract]. Blood. 2014;124(21):4888. doi:10.1182/blood.V124.21.4888.4888
  • Majd Z, Haghpanah S, Ajami G, et al. Serum ferritin levels correlation with heart and liver MRI and LIC in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015;17(4):e24959. doi:10.5812/ircmj.17(4)2015.24959
  • Origa R, Barella S, Argiolas GM, Bina P, Agus A, Galanello R. No evidence of cardiac iron in 20 never or minimally transfused patients with thalassemia intermedia. Hematol J. 2008;93(7):1095–1096. doi:10.3324/haematol.12484
  • Aessopos A, Kati M, Farmakis D. Heart disease in thalassemia intermedia: a review of the underlying pathophysiology. J Hematol. 2007;92(5):658–665. doi:10.3324/haematol.10915
  • Aessopos A, Farmakis D, Deftereos S, et al. Thalassemia heart disease: a comparative evaluation of thalassemia major and thalassemia intermedia. Chest. 2005;127(5):1523–1530. doi:10.1378/chest.127.5.1523
  • Xiao G, Yang J, Yan L. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index and fibrosis-4 for detecting liver fibrosis in adult patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2015;61(1):29. doi:10.1002/hep.27382
  • Lubis AM, Atmakusuma TD, Kurnawan J, Harimurti K. Korelasi antara muatan besi berlebih darah dan hati dengan nilai elastografi hati pada pasien thalasemia intermedia dewasa yang mendapatkan transfusi darah. [Correlation between blood and liver excess iron load and liver elastographic values in adult intermedia thalassemia patients receiving blood transfusions] [Thesis]; 2016. Indonesian.