Leukapheresis Does Not Improve Early Survival Outcome of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Leukostasis Patients – A Dual-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

References

• Giammarco S, Chiusolo P, Piccirillo N, et al. Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis: management of a medical emergency. Expert Rev Hematol. 2017;10(2):147–154. doi:10.1080/17474086.2017.1270754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganzel C, Becker J, Mintz PD, Lazarus HM, Rowe JM. Hyperleukocytosis, leukostasis and leukapheresis: practice management. Blood Rev. 2012;26(3):117–122. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2012.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali A, Mirrakhimov A, Abboud  C, Cashen A. Leukostasis in adult acute hyperleukocytic leukemia: a clinician’s digest. Hematol Oncol. 2016;34(2):69–78. doi:10.1002/hon.2292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korkmaz S. The management of hyperleukocytosis in 2017: do we still need leukapheresis? Transfus Apher Sci. 2018;57(1):4–7. doi:10.1016/j.transci.2018.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett CL, Louw VJ, Webb MJ. Exchange transfusion as a life-saving intervention in three patients with different haematological malignancies with severe hyperleukocytosis where leukapheresis was not available. Transfus Apher Sci. 2013;49(3):397–402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aqui N, O’Doherty U. Leukocytapheresis for the treatment of hyperleukocytosis secondary to acute leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2014;2014(1):457–460. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2014.1.457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porcu P, Cripe LD, Ng EW, et al. Hyperleukocytic leukemias and leukostasis: a review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management. Leuk Lymphoma. 2000;39(1–2):1–18. doi:10.3109/10428190009053534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard SC, Jones DP, Pui C-H. The tumor lysis syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(19):1844–1854. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0904569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aslam HM, Zhi C, Wallach SL. Tumor lysis syndrome: a rare complication of chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. Cureus. 2019;11(2):e4024. doi:10.7759/cureus.4024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pastore F, Pastore A, Wittmann G, Hiddemann W, Spiekermann K, Winn RA. The role of therapeutic leukapheresis in hyperleukocytotic AML. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):7–10. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh N, Lubana SS, Dabrowski L, Sidhu G. Leukostasis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Case Rep. 2020;21:1–5. doi:10.12659/AJCR.924798
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Röllig C, Ehninger G. How I treat hyperleukocytosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2015;125(21):3246–3252. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-10-551507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porcu P, Farag S, Marcucci G, Cataland SR, Kennedy MS, Bissell M. Leukocytoreduction for acute leukemia. Ther Apher. 2002;6(1):15–23. doi:10.1046/j.1526-0968.2002.00402.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ventura GJ, Hester JP, Smith TL, Keating MJ. Acute myeloblastic leukemia with hyperleukocytosis: risk factors for early mortality in induction. Am J Hematol. 1988;27(1):34–37. doi:10.1002/ajh.2830270109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles FJ, Shen Y, Kantarjian HM, et al. Leukapheresis reduces early mortality in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with high white cell counts but does not improve long- term survival. Leuk Lymphoma. 2001;42(1–2):67–73. doi:10.3109/10428190109097677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bug G, Anargyrou K, Tonn T, et al. Impact of leukapheresis on early death rate in adult acute myeloid leukemia presenting with hyperleukocytosis. Transfusion (Paris). 2007;47(10):1843–1850. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01406.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkan UY, Ozcebe OI. Leukapheresis do not improve early death rates in acute myeloid leukemia patients with hyperleukocytosis. Transfus Apher Sci. 2017;56(6):880–882. doi:10.1016/j.transci.2017.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shallis RM, Stahl M, Wei W, et al. Patterns of care and clinical outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia presenting with hyperleukocytosis who do not receive intensive chemotherapy. Leuk Lymphoma. 2020;61(5):1220–1225. doi:10.1080/10428194.2020.1728753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nan X, Qin Q, Gentille C, et al. Leukapheresis reduces 4-week mortality in acute myeloid leukemia patients with hyperleukocytosis–a retrospective study from a tertiary center. Leuk Lymphoma. 2017;58(9):2110–2117. doi:10.1080/10428194.2016.1277386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkan UY, Gunes G, Eliacik E, et al. The factors affecting early death after the initial therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(12):22564–22569.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stahl M, Shallis RM, Wei W, et al. Management of hyperleukocytosis and impact of leukapheresis among patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) on short- and long-term clinical outcomes: a Large, Retrospective, Multicenter, International Study. Leukemia. 2020;34(12):3149–3160. doi:10.1038/s41375-020-0783-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bewersdorf JP, Zeidan AM. Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis in acute myeloid leukemia: can a better understanding of the underlying molecular pathophysiology lead to novel treatments? Cells. 2020;9(10):2310. doi:10.3390/cells9102310
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stucki A, Rivier A-S, Gikic M, Monai N, Schapira M, Spertini O. Endothelial cell activation by myeloblasts: molecular mechanisms of leukostasis and leukemic cell dissemination. Blood. 2001;97(7):2121–2129. doi:10.1182/blood.V97.7.2121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKee LC, Collins RD. Intravascular leukocyte thrombi and aggregates as a cause of morbidity and mortality in leukemia. Medicine (Baltimore). 1974;53(6):463–478. doi:10.1097/00005792-197411000-00006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuckerman T, Ganzel C, Tallman MS, Rowe JM. How I treat hematologic emergencies in adults with acute leukemia. Blood. 2012;120(10):1993–2002. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-04-424440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langleben D, Orfanos SE, Giovinazzo M, et al. Pulmonary capillary surface area in supine exercising humans: demonstration of vascular recruitment. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2019;317(3):L361–8. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00098.2019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavenagh JD, Gordon-Smith EC, Gibson FM, Gordon MY. Acute myeloid leukaemia blast cells bind to human endothelium in vitro utilizing E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Br J Haematol. 1993;85(2):285–291. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1993.tb03168.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hölig K, Moog R. Leukocyte depletion by therapeutic leukocytapheresis in patients with leukemia. Transfus Med Hemother. 2012;39(4):241–245. doi:10.1159/000341805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin Y, Guo S, Cui Q, et al. A hospital based retrospective study of factors influencing therapeutic leukapheresis in patients presenting with hyperleukocytic leukaemia. Sci Rep. 2018;8:294. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17534-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman R, Benz E, Silberstein L, et al. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2017:924–953.
   Google Scholar
• Davenport A, Tolwani A. Citrate anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in patients with acute kidney injury admitted to the intensive care unit. NDT Plus. 2009;2(6):439–447. doi:10.1093/ndtplus/sfp136
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shelat SG. Practical considerations for planning a therapeutic apheresis procedure. Am J Med. 2010;123(9):777–784. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.01.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz J, Winters JL, Padmanabhan A, et al. Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice-evidence-based approach from the writing committee of the American Society for apheresis: the sixth special issue. J Clin Apher. 2013;28(3):145–284. doi:10.1002/jca.21276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padmanabhan A, Connelly-Smith L, Aqui N, et al. Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice – evidence-based approach from the writing committee of the American Society for apheresis: the eighth special issue. J Clin Apher. 2019;34(3):171–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makroo RN, Kakkar B, Chowdhry M, Agrawal S, Seth S, Thakur UK. Therapeutic leukapheresis in a tertiary care hospital: a case series. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2017;11(1):65–68. doi:10.4103/0973-6247.200772
   Google Scholar
• Choi MH, Choe YH, Park Y, et al. The effect of therapeutic leukapheresis on early complications and outcomes in patients with acute leukemia and hyperleukocytosis: a Propensity Score-Matched Study. Transfusion (Paris). 2018;58(1):208–216. doi:10.1111/trf.14329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Göçer M, Kurtoğlu E. Effect of prophylactic leukapheresis on early mortality and overall survival in acute leukemia patients with hyperleukocytosis. Ther Apher Dial. 2021. doi:10.1111/1744-9987.13645
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bewersdorf JP, Giri S, Tallman MS, Zeidan AM, Stahl M. Leukapheresis for the management of hyperleukocytosis in acute myeloid leukemia—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transfusion (Paris). 2020;60(10):2360–2369. doi:10.1111/trf.15994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triyono T, Hans V. Therapeutic apheresis in Asia: an Indonesia single center experience. J Clin Apher. 2014;28(April 2013):349–355.
   Google Scholar
• de Jonge HJM, Valk PJM, de Bont ESJM, et al. Prognostic impact of white blood cell count in intermediate risk acute myeloid leukemia: relevance of mutated NPM1 and FLT3-ITD. Haematologica. 2011;96(9):1310–1317. doi:10.3324/haematol.2011.040592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padilha SL, Matos MCC, Domino NR, Domino NR. Acute myeloid leukemia: survival analysis of patients at a university hospital of Paraná. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2015;37(1):21–27. doi:10.1016/j.bjhh.2014.11.008
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu C, Hong Y, Kuan AS, et al. The risk of early mortality in elderly patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Med. 2020;9(4):1572–1580. doi:10.1002/cam4.2740
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo KHM, Callum JL, Panzarella T, et al. A retrospective observational study of leucoreductive strategies to manage patients with acute myeloid leukaemia presenting with hyperleucocytosis. Br J Haematol. 2015;168(3):384–394. doi:10.1111/bjh.13146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantarjian H, Ravandi F, O’Brien S, et al. Intensive chemotherapy does not benefit most older patients (age 70 years or older) with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2010;116(22):4422–4429. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-03-276485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malfuson J-V, Etienne A, Turlure P, et al. Risk factors and decision criteria for intensive chemotherapy in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica. 2008;93(12):1806–1813. doi:10.3324/haematol.13309
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkawi A, Anand A, Al-Ameri A, Abdelfatah M, Kanaan Z, Haller N. Outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia/high risk MDS according to the kidney function. Blood. 2013;122(21):5007. doi:10.1182/blood.V122.21.5007.5007
   Google Scholar
• Dhakal P, Lyden E, Lee A, et al. Effects of obesity on overall survival of adults with acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2020;20(3):e131–6. doi:10.1016/j.clml.2019.11.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarro WH. Impact of obesity in the setting of high-dose chemotherapy. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2003;31(11):961–966. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1704052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendrick J, Warkentin D, Ensom MHH. The impact of obesity on pharmacokinetics and dosing of leukemia chemotherapy. In: Mittelman SD, Berger NA, editors. Energy Balance and Hematologic Malignancies [Internet]. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2012:97–127. Energy Balance and Cancer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2403-1_5
   Google Scholar