423
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Experimental Drugs for Panic Disorder: An Updated Systematic Review

, , ORCID Icon &
Pages 441-459 | Published online: 15 Apr 2021

References

  • Kessler RC, Petukhova M, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM, Wittchen HU. Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2012;21(3):169–184. doi:10.1002/mpr.1359
  • de Jonge P, Roest AM, Lim CCW, et al. Cross-national epidemiology of panic disorder and panic attacks in the world mental health surveys. Depress Anxiety. 2016;33(12):1155–1177. doi:10.1002/da.22572
  • Skapinakis P, Lewis G, Davies S, Brugha T, Prince M, Singleton N. Panic disorder and subthreshold panic in the UK general population: epidemiology, comorbidity and functional limitation. Eur Psychiatry. 2011;26(6):354–362. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.06.004
  • Batelaan N, Smit F, de Graaf R, van Balkom A, Vollebergh W, Beekman A. Economic costs of full-blown and subthreshold panic disorder. J Affect Disord. 2007;104(1–3):127–136. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.03.013
  • Brettschneider C, Bleibler F, Hiller TSS, et al. The allocation of resources in the care for patients with panic disorder in Germany: an excess cost analysis informing policy and science. Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2019;17(1):9. doi:10.1186/s12962-019-0177-4
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association; 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  • Caldirola D, Perna G. Toward a personalized therapy for panic disorder: preliminary considerations from a work in progress. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019;15:1957–1970. doi:10.2147/NDT.S174433
  • Perna G. Understanding anxiety disorders: the psychology and the psychopathology of defence mechanisms against threats. Riv Psichiatr. 2013;48(1):73–75. doi:10.1708/1228.13618
  • Johnson PL, Federici LM, Shekhar A. Etiology, triggers and neurochemical circuits associated with unexpected, expected, and laboratory-induced panic attacks. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014;46(P3):429–454. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.027
  • Klein DF. False suffocation alarms, spontaneous panics, and related conditions: an integrative hypothesis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993;50(4):306–317. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820160076009
  • Graeff FG, Del-Ben CM. Neurobiology of panic disorder: from animal models to brain neuroimaging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008;32(7):1326–1335. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.05.017
  • Canteras NS, Graeff FG. Executive and modulatory neural circuits of defensive reactions: implications for panic disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014;46(P3):352–364. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.020
  • Preter M, Klein DF. Lifelong opioidergic vulnerability through early life separation: a recent extension of the false suffocation alarm theory of panic disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014;46(P3):345–351. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.025
  • Perna G, Caldirola D, Bellodi L. Panic disorder: from respiration to the homeostatic brain. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2004;16(2):57–67. doi:10.1111/j.0924-2708.2004.0080.x
  • Esquivel G, Schruers KR, Maddock RJ, Colasanti A, Griez EJ. Acids in the brain: a factor in panic? J Psychopharmacol. 2010;24(5):639–647. doi:10.1177/0269881109104847
  • Perna G, Caldirola D. Is panic disorder a disorder of physical fitness? A heuristic proposal. F1000Research. 2018;7:294. doi:10.12688/f1000research.12788.1
  • Paul ED, Johnson PL, Shekhar A, Lowry CA. The Deakin/Graeff hypothesis: focus on serotonergic inhibition of panic. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014;46(P3):379–396. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.010
  • Dresler T, Guhn A, Tupak SV, et al. Revise the revised? New dimensions of the neuroanatomical hypothesis of panic disorder. J Neural Transm. 2013;120(1):3–29. doi:10.1007/s00702-012-0811-1
  • Feinstein JS, Buzza C, Hurlemann R, et al. Fear and panic in humans with bilateral amygdala damage. Nat Neurosci. 2013;16(3):270–272. doi:10.1038/nn.3323
  • Gorman JM, Kent JM, Sullivan GM, Coplan JD. Neuroanatomical hypothesis of panic disorder, revised. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(4):493–505. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.4.493
  • Perna G, Guerriero G, Brambilla P, Caldirola D. Panic and the Brainstem: clues from neuroimaging studies. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2014;13(6):1049–1056. doi:10.2174/1871527313666140612112923
  • Goossens L, Leibold N, Peeters R, et al. Brainstem response to hypercapnia: a symptom provocation study into the pathophysiology of panic disorder. J Psychopharmacol. 2014;28(5):449–456. doi:10.1177/0269881114527363
  • Caldirola D, Alciati A, Riva A, Perna G. Are there advances in pharmacotherapy for panic disorder? A systematic review of the past five years. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2018;19(12):1357–1368. doi:10.1080/14656566.2018.1504921
  • Caldirola D, Alciati A, Dacco S, Micieli W, Perna G. Relapse prevention in panic disorder with pharmacotherapy: where are we now? Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2020;21(14):1699–1711. doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1779220
  • American Psychiatric Association. Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Panic Disorder. 2nd ed. 2010;1–90. Available from: http://www.psychiatryonline.com/pracGuide/pracGuideTopic_9.aspx. Accessed June 1, 2020.
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) in adults: management. NICE. 2011. Available from:https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg113. Accessed June 1, 2020.
  • Bandelow B, Michaelis S, Wedekind D. Treatment of anxiety disorders. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2017;19(2):93–107.
  • Perna G, Caldirola D. Management of treatment-resistant panic disorder. Curr Treat Options Psychiatry. 2017;4(4):371–386. doi:10.1007/s40501-017-0128-7
  • Bandelow B. Current and novel psychopharmacological drugs for anxiety disorders. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1191:347–365. doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_19
  • Zugliani MM, Cabo MC, Nardi AE, Perna G, Freire RC. Pharmacological and neuromodulatory treatments for panic disorder: clinical trials from 2010 to 2018. Psychiatry Investig. 2019;16(1):50–58. doi:10.30773/pi.2018.12.21.1
  • Perna G, Alessandra A, Raffaele B, et al. Is there room for second-generation antipsychotics in the pharmacotherapy of panic disorder? A Systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(4):551. doi:10.3390/ijms17040551
  • Shah A, Northcutt J. An open-label, flexible dose adaptive study evaluating the efficacy of vortioxetine in subjects with panic disorder. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2018;17. doi:10.1186/s12991-018-0190-6.
  • Perna G, Schruers K, Alciati A, Caldirola D. Novel investigational therapeutics for panic disorder. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2015;24(4):491–505. doi:10.1517/13543784.2014.996286
  • Sartori SB, Singewald N. Novel pharmacological targets in drug development for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders. Pharmacol Ther. 2019;204:107402. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107402
  • Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(10):e1–e34. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006
  • European Medicines Agency. EU Clinical Trials Register. Available from: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/. Accessed February 1, 2021.
  • US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/. Accessed February 1, 2021.
  • Leibold NK, Van Den Hove DLAA, Viechtbauer W, et al. CO2 exposure as translational cross-species experimental model for panic. Transl Psychiatry. 2016;6(9):e885–e885. doi:10.1038/tp.2016.162
  • Johnson PL, Shekhar A. An animal model of panic vulnerability with chronic disinhibition of the dorsomedial/perifornical hypothalamus. Physiol Behav. 2012;107(5):686–698. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.03.016
  • World Health Organisation. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. 9th ed. 1979. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd9.htm.
  • World Health Organisation. ICD-10: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: Tenth Revision. 2nd ed. 2004.
  • World Health Organisation. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. 10th ed. 2016. Available from: https://icd.who.int/browse10/2016/en. Accessed April 1, 2021.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. 1994.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th ed. American Psychiatric Association;2000. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349
  • Bonaventure P, Yun S, Johnson PL, et al. A selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist attenuates stress-induced hyperarousal without hypnotic effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015;352(3):590–601. doi:10.1124/jpet.114.220392
  • Johnson PL, Federici LM, Fitz SD, et al. Orexin 1 and 2 Receptor Involvement in CO2-INDUCED panic-associated behavior and autonomic responses. Depress Anxiety. 2015;32(9):671–683. doi:10.1002/da.22403
  • McElhinny CJ, Lewin AH, Mascarella SW, Runyon S, Brieaddy L, Carroll FI. Hydrolytic instability of the important orexin 1 receptor antagonist SB-334867: possible confounding effects on in vivo and in vitro studies. Bioorganic Med Chem Lett. 2012;22(21):6661–6664. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.109
  • Bonaventure P, Dugovic C, Shireman B, et al. Evaluation of JNJ-54717793 a novel brain penetrant selective orexin 1 receptor antagonist in two rat models of panic attack provocation. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8(JUN):1–13. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00357
  • Salvadore G, Bonaventure P, Shekhar A, et al. Translational evaluation of novel selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist JNJ-61393215 in an experimental model for panic in rodents and humans. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10:1. doi:10.1038/s41398-020-00937-9
  • Kaufmann P, Ort M, Golor G, Kornberger R, Dingemanse J. Multiple-dose clinical pharmacology of the selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist act-539313. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2020;(xxxx):110166. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110166
  • Diaper A, Osman-Hicks V, Rich AS, et al. Evaluation of the effects of venlafaxine and pregabalin on the carbon dioxide inhalation models of generalised anxiety disorder and panic. J Psychopharmacol. 2013;27(2):135–145. doi:10.1177/0269881112443742
  • Reinecke A, Nickless A, Browning M, Harmer CJ. Neurocognitive processes in D-cycloserine augmented single-session exposure therapy for anxiety: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2020;129(September2019):103607. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103607
  • Dobrovolsky A, Ichim TE, Ma D, Kesari S, Bogin V. Xenon in the treatment of panic disorder: an open label study. J Transl Med. 2017;15(1):137. doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1237-1
  • Meuret AE, Rosenfield D, Wilhelm FH, et al. Do unexpected panic attacks occur spontaneously? Biol Psychiatry. 2011;70(10):985–991. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.05.027
  • Tenorio-Lopes L, Fournier S, Henry MS, Bretzner F, Kinkead R. Disruption of estradiol regulation of orexin neurons: a novel mechanism in excessive ventilatory response to CO2 inhalation in a female rat model of panic disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10:1. doi:10.1038/s41398-020-01076-x
  • Grafe LA, Bhatnagar S. The contribution of orexins to sex differences in the stress response. Brain Res. 2020;1731:145893. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.07.026
  • Johnson PL, Fitz SD, Hollis JH, et al. Induction of c-Fos in ’panic/defence’-related brain circuits following brief hypercarbic gas exposure. J Psychopharmacol. 2011;25(1):26–36. doi:10.1177/0269881109353464
  • Johnson PL, Samuels BC, Fitz SD, Lightman SL, Lowry CA, Shekhar A. Activation of the orexin 1 receptor is a critical component of CO 2-mediated anxiety and hypertension but not bradycardia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012;37(8):1911–1922. doi:10.1038/npp.2012.38
  • Johnson PL, Truitt W, Fitz SD, et al. A key role for orexin in panic anxiety. Nat Med. 2010;16(1):111–115. doi:10.1038/nm.2075
  • Nattie E, Li A. Respiration and autonomic regulation and orexin. In: Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 198. Elsevier B.V.;2012:25–46. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-59489-1.00004-5
  • Johnson PL, Samuels BC, Fitz SD, et al. Orexin 1 receptors are a novel target to modulate panic responses and the panic brain network. Physiol Behav. 2012;107(5):733–742. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.04.016
  • Annerbrink K, Westberg L, Olsson M, et al. Panic disorder is associated with the Val308Iso polymorphism in the hypocretin receptor gene. Psychiatr Genet. 2011;21(2):85–89. doi:10.1097/YPG.0b013e328341a3db
  • Gottschalk MG, Richter J, Ziegler C, et al. Orexin in the anxiety spectrum: association of a HCRTR1 polymorphism with panic disorder/agoraphobia, CBT treatment response and fear-related intermediate phenotypes. Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9(1):75. doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0415-8
  • Salomon RM, Ripley B, Kennedy JS, et al. Diurnal variation of cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 (Orexin-A) levels in control and depressed subjects. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;54(2):96–104. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01740-7
  • Abreu AR, Molosh AI, Johnson PL, Shekhar A. Role of medial hypothalamic orexin system in panic, phobia and hypertension. Brain Res. 2020;1731. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.010.
  • Soya S, Sakurai T. Orexin as a modulator of fear-related behavior: hypothalamic control of noradrenaline circuit. Brain Res. 2020;1731:146037. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.032
  • Soya S, Takahashi TM, McHugh TJ, et al. Orexin modulates behavioral fear expression through the locus coeruleus. Nat Commun. 2017;8:1. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01782-z
  • Zhou C. General anesthesia mediated by effects on ion channels. World J Crit Care Med. 2012;1(3):80. doi:10.5492/wjccm.v1.i3.80
  • Harvey BH, Shahid M. Metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors as neurobiological targets in anxiety and stress-related disorders: focus on pharmacology and preclinical translational models. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2012;100(4):775–800. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.06.014
  • Hettema JM, An SS, Neale MC, et al. Association between glutamic acid decarboxylase genes and anxiety disorders, major depression, and neuroticism. Mol Psychiatry. 2006;11(8):752–762. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001845
  • Long Z, Medlock C, Dzemidzic M, Shin YW, Goddard AW, Dydak U. Decreased GABA levels in anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex in panic disorder. Prog Neuro Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2013;44:131–135. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.01.020
  • Hofmann SG. D-cycloserine for treating anxiety disorders: making good exposures better and bad exposures worse. Depress Anxiety. 2014;31(3):175–177. doi:10.1002/da.22257