T-Lymphocyte Gene-Regulated CCL5 and Its Association with Extrahepatic Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

References

• Singal AG, Lampertico P, Nahon P. Epidemiology and surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: new trends. J Hepatol. 2020;72(2):250–261. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2019.08.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address: [email protected]; European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69(1):182–236. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llovet JM, Kelley RK, Villanueva A, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):6. doi:10.1038/s41572-020-00240-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang JD, Hainaut P, Gores GJ, Amadou A, Plymoth A, Roberts LR. A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: trends, risk, prevention and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;16(10):589–604. doi:10.1038/s41575-019-0186-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu J, Cheng ZG, Han ZY, et al. Period-dependent survival benefit of percutaneous microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a 12-year real-world, multicentric experience. Liver Cancer. 2022;11(4):341–353. doi:10.1159/000522134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun J, Guo R, Bi X, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus in China (2021 Edition). Liver Cancer. 2022;11(4):315–328. doi:10.1159/000523997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganesh K, Massague J. Targeting metastatic cancer. Nat Med. 2021;27(1):34–44. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-01195-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaffer CL, Weinberg RA. A perspective on cancer cell metastasis. Science. 2011;331(6024):1559–1564. doi:10.1126/science.1203543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katyal S, Oliver JH, Peterson MS, Ferris JV, Carr BS, Baron RL. Extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiology. 2000;216(3):698–703. doi:10.1148/radiology.216.3.r00se24698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng L, Du X, Wang Z, et al. Hyper-IL-15 suppresses metastatic and autochthonous liver cancer by promoting tumour-specific CD8+ T cell responses. J Hepatol. 2014;61(6):1297–1303. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizukoshi E, Yamashita T, Arai K, et al. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells correlate with patient outcomes in hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2016;65(6):715–725. doi:10.1007/s00262-016-1837-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonertz A, Weitz J, Pietsch DH, et al. Antigen-specific Tregs control T cell responses against a limited repertoire of tumor antigens in patients with colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(11):3311–3321. doi:10.1172/JCI39608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng X, Liao G, Li S, et al. Eliminating METTL1-mediated accumulation of PMN-MDSCs prevents hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after radiofrequency ablation. Hepatology. 2023;77(4):1122–1138. doi:10.1002/hep.32585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohs A, Kuttkat N, Reißing J, et al. Functional role of CCL5/RANTES for HCC progression during chronic liver disease. J Hepatol. 2017;66(4):743–753. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.12.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu H, Zhao J, Li J, et al. Cancer associated fibroblast-derived CCL5 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through activating HIF1alpha/ZEB1 axis. Cell Death Dis. 2022;13(5):478. doi:10.1038/s41419-022-04935-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun YF, Wu L, Liu SP, et al. Dissecting spatial heterogeneity and the immune-evasion mechanism of CTCs by single-cell RNA-seq in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):4091. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24386-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Z, Feng J, Xiao L, et al. Tumor-derived peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 predicts survival and antitumor immune responses in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2020;71(5):1626–1642. doi:10.1002/hep.30924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao N, Dang H, Ma L, et al. Intratumoral γδ T-cell infiltrates, chemokine (C-C Motif) ligand 4/chemokine (C-C Motif) ligand 5 protein expression and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2021;73(3):1045–1060. doi:10.1002/hep.31412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz de Galarreta M, Bresnahan E, Molina-Sánchez P, et al. β-catenin activation promotes immune escape and resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Discov. 2019;9(8):1124–1141. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-19-0074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan F, Dong G, Han C, et al. Peripheral immune factors aiding clinical parameter for better early recurrence prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma after thermal ablation. Int J Hyperthermia. 2023;40(1):2172219. doi:10.1080/02656736.2023.2172219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang Z, Li C, Kang B, Gao G, Li C, Zhang Z. GEPIA: a web server for cancer and normal gene expression profiling and interactive analyses. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45(W1):W98–W102. doi:10.1093/nar/gkx247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li T, Fu J, Zeng Z, et al. TIMER2.0 for analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48(W1):W509–W514. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao Q, Zhou J, Wang XY, et al. Infiltrating memory/senescent T cell ratio predicts extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19(2):455–466. doi:10.1245/s10434-011-1864-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam CM, Lo CM, Yuen WK, Liu CL, Fan ST. Prolonged survival in selected patients following surgical resection for pulmonary metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Surg. 1998;85(9):1198–1200. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.1998.00846.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruffell B, DeNardo DG, Affara NI, Coussens LM. Lymphocytes in cancer development: polarization towards pro-tumor immunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2010;21(1):3–10. doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borst J, Ahrends T, Bąbała N, Melief CJM, Kastenmüller W. CD4+ T cell help in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018;18(10):635–647. doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0044-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma C, Kesarwala AH, Eggert T, et al. NAFLD causes selective CD4(+) T lymphocyte loss and promotes hepatocarcinogenesis. Nature. 2016;531(7593):253–257. doi:10.1038/nature16969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang HJ, Kim H, Lee DH, et al. Gadoxetate-enhanced MRI features of proliferative hepatocellular carcinoma are prognostic after surgery. Radiology. 2021;300(3):572–582. doi:10.1148/radiol.2021204352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou L, Ren L, Yu W, et al. Construction and validation of a prediction model of extrahepatic metastasis for hepatocellular carcinoma based on common clinically available data. Front Oncol. 2022;12:961194. doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.961194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee HL, Jang JW, Lee SW, et al. Inflammatory cytokines and change of Th1/Th2 balance as prognostic indicators for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):3260. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40078-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Yu XL, Zhang J, et al. Huaier granule prevents the recurrence of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma after thermal ablation: a cohort study. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;281:114539. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.114539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian DC, Kleber T, Brammer B, et al. Effect of immunotherapy time-of-day infusion on overall survival among patients with advanced melanoma in the USA (MEMOIR): a propensity score-matched analysis of a single-centre, longitudinal study. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22(12):1777–1786. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00546-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Allen BM, Hiam KJ, Burnett CE, et al. Systemic dysfunction and plasticity of the immune macroenvironment in cancer models. Nat Med. 2020;26(7):1125–1134. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0892-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu MQ, Kong QZ, Lu HD, et al. Effect of Huaier granule on T lymphocyte subsets in patients after breast cancer surgery. Maternal Child Health Care China. 2016;31(20):4125–4127. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Chen Q, Shu C, Laurence AD, et al. Effect of Huaier granule on recurrence after curative resection of HCC: a multicentre, randomised clinical trial. Gut. 2018;67(11):2006–2016. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-315983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh SK, Mishra MK, Rivers BM, Gordetsky JB, Bae S, Singh R. Biological and clinical significance of the CCR5/CCL5 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers. 2020;12(4):883. doi:10.3390/cancers12040883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldinucci D, Colombatti A. The inflammatory chemokine CCL5 and cancer progression. Mediators Inflamm. 2014;2014:292376. doi:10.1155/2014/292376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeghi M, Lahdou I, Oweira H, et al. Serum levels of chemokines CCL4 and CCL5 in cirrhotic patients indicate the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 2015;113(5):756–762. doi:10.1038/bjc.2015.227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Shi J, Xu J, et al. NLRC3 high expression represents a novel predictor for positive overall survival correlated with CCL5 and CXCL9 in HCC patients. Front Oncol. 2022;12:815326. doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.815326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar