Survival Prediction Model for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Extrahepatic Metastasis Based on XGBoost Algorithm

References

• Reig M, Forner A, Rimola J, et al. BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: the 2022 update. J Hepatol. 2022;76(3):681–693. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2021.11.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korean Liver Cancer Association (KLCA), National Cancer Center (NCC) Korea. 2022 KLCA-NCC Korea practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2022;28(4):583–705. doi:10.3350/cmh.2022.0294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omata M, Cheng AL, Kokudo N, et al. Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update. Hepatol Int. 2017;11(4):317–370. doi:10.1007/s12072-017-9799-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69(1):182–236. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhanasekaran R, Bandoh S, Roberts LR. Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and impact of therapeutic advances. F1000Res. 2016;5:879. doi:10.12688/f1000research.6946.1
   Google Scholar
• Giannini EG, Farinati F, Ciccarese F, et al. Prognosis of untreated hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2015;61(1):184–190. doi:10.1002/hep.27443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen TQ, Guestrin C. XGBoost: a scalable tree boosting system. Proceedings of the 22nd Acm Sigkdd International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD ‘16); 2016. doi:10.1145/2939672.2939785.
   Google Scholar
• Budholiya K, Shrivastava SK, Sharma V. An optimized XGBoost based diagnostic system for effective prediction of heart disease. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci. 2022;34(7):4514–4523. doi:10.1016/j.jksuci.2020.10.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JOR, Jeong YS, Kim JH, Lee JW, Park D, Kim HS. Machine learning-based cardiovascular disease prediction model: a cohort study on the Korean National health insurance service health screening database. Diagnostics. 2021;11(6):943. doi:10.3390/diagnostics11060943
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo XQ, Yan P, Duan SB, et al. Development and validation of machine learning models for real-time mortality prediction in critically ill patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. Front Med. 2022;9:853102. doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.853102
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang Y, Zhang X, Razbek J, et al. Opening the black box: interpretable machine learning for predictor finding of metabolic syndrome. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022;22(1):214. doi:10.1186/s12902-022-01121-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmona P, Dwekat A, Mardawi Z. No more black boxes! Explaining the predictions of a machine learning XGBoost classifier algorithm in business failure. Res Int Bus Finance. 2022;61:101649. doi:10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101649
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu XL, Jiang LS, Wu CS, et al. The role of fibrosis index FIB-4 in predicting liver fibrosis stage and clinical prognosis: a diagnostic or screening tool? J Formos Med Assoc. 2022;121(2):454–466. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2021.07.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheema JR. Some general guidelines for choosing missing data handling methods in educational research. J Mod Appl Stat Methods. 2014;13(2):53–75. doi:10.22237/jmasm/1414814520
   Google Scholar
• Ditzler G, LaBarck J, Ritchie J, Rosen G, Polikar R. Extensions to online feature selection using bagging and boosting. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst. 2018;29(9):4504–4509. doi:10.1109/TNNLS.2017.2746107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fawcett T. An introduction to ROC analysis. Pattern Recognit Lett. 2006;27(8):861–874. doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2005.10.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Render [homepage on the Internet]. The fastest way to host all your web apps; 2023. Available from: https://render.com/. Accessed October 29, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• von Blanckenburg P, Riera Knorrenschild J, Hofmann M, et al. Expectations, end-of-life fears and end-of-life communication among palliative patients with cancer and caregivers: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(5):e058531. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzocco K, Masiero M, Carriero MC, Pravettoni G. The role of emotions in cancer patients’ decision-making. Ecancermedicalscience. 2019;13:914. doi:10.3332/ecancer.2019.914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs JM, Shaffer KM, Nipp RD, et al. Distress is interdependent in patients and caregivers with newly diagnosed incurable cancers. Ann Behav Med. 2017;51(4):519–531. doi:10.1007/s12160-017-9875-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas A, Medvedev S, Shores N, et al. Epidemiology of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma, a nationwide perspective. Dig Dis Sci. 2014;59(11):2813–2820. doi:10.1007/s10620-014-3229-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katyal S, Oliver JH, Peterson MS, Ferris JV, Carr BS, Baron RL. Extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiology. 2000;216(3):698–703. doi:10.1148/radiology.216.3.r00se24698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uka K, Aikata H, Takaki S, et al. Clinical features and prognosis of patients with extrahepatic metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13(3):414–420. doi:10.3748/wjg.v13.i3.414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng J, He Y, Wan J, Chen Z. Pulmonary metastases in newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma: a population-based retrospective study. HPB (Oxford). 2020;22(9):1295–1304. doi:10.1016/j.hpb.2019.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schütte K, Schinner R, Fabritius MP, et al. Impact of extrahepatic metastases on overall survival in patients with advanced liver dominant hepatocellular carcinoma: a subanalysis of the SORAMIC trial. Liver Cancer. 2020;9(6):771–786. doi:10.1159/000510798
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sneag DB, Krajewski K, Giardino A, et al. Extrahepatic spread of hepatocellular carcinoma: spectrum of imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011;197(4):W658–64. doi:10.2214/AJR.10.6402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin YL, Li Y. Study on the hepatocellular carcinoma model with metastasis. Genes Dis. 2020;7(3):336–350. doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2019.12.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan X, Zhuang M, Zhu X, et al. Emerging perspectives of bone metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Systematic Review. Front Oncol. 2022;12:943866. doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.943866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy S, Banerjee P, Ekser B, et al. Targeting lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in liver cancer. Am J Pathol. 2021;191(12):2052–2063. doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.08.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo HY, Rhee H, Yoo JE, et al. Lung and lymph node metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of pathological aspects. Liver Int. 2022;42(1):199–209. doi:10.1111/liv.15051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchino K, Tateishi R, Shiina S, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic metastasis: clinical features and prognostic factors. Cancer. 2011;117(19):4475–4483. doi:10.1002/cncr.25960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung SM, Jang JW, You CR, et al. Role of intrahepatic tumor control in the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and extrahepatic metastases. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;27(4):684–689. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06917.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komatsu S, Kido M, Tanaka M, et al. Clinical significance of hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with extrahepatic metastases. Dig Surg. 2020;37(5):411–419. doi:10.1159/000507436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang WI, Kim BH, Kim YJ, Yoon JH, Jung YJ, Chie EK. Role of radiotherapy in Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage C hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;37(2):387–394. doi:10.1111/jgh.15722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao YY, Wang SY, Lin SM. Management consensus guideline for hepatocellular carcinoma: 2020 update on surveillance, diagnosis, and systemic treatment by the Taiwan liver cancer association and the gastroenterological society of Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2021;120(4):1051–1060. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2020.10.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie DY, Ren ZG, Zhou J, Fan J, Gao Q. 2019 Chinese clinical guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: updates and insights. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2020;9(4):452–463. doi:10.21037/hbsn-20-480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z. Extracting spatial effects from machine learning model using local interpretation method: an example of SHAP and XGBoost. Comput Environ Urban Syst. 2022;96:101845. doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101845
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar