Pretreatment Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Prognostic Biomarkers in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy Combined with Lenvatinib and Camrelizumab

References

• Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249. doi:10.3322/caac.21660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rumgay H, Arnold M, Ferlay J, et al. Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040. J Hepatol. 2022;77(6):1598–1606. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2022.08.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llovet JM, Kelley RK, Villanueva A, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):6. doi:10.1038/s41572-020-00240-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang C, Zhang H, Zhang L, et al. Evolving therapeutic landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(4):203–222. doi:10.1038/s41575-022-00704-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn RS, Qin S, Ikeda M, et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(20):1894–1905. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1915745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kudo M, Finn RS, Qin S, et al. Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised Phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10126):1163–1173. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30207-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin S, Ren Z, Meng Z, et al. Camrelizumab in patients with previously treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised, Phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(4):571–580. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30011-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He M-K, Le Y, Li Q-J, et al. Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy using mFOLFOX versus transarterial chemoembolization for massive unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective non-randomized study. Chin J Cancer. 2017;36(1):83. doi:10.1186/s40880-017-0251-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lyu N, Lin Y, Kong Y, et al. FOXAI: a Phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil/leucovorin for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut. 2018;67(2):395–396. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda M, Shimizu S, Sato T, et al. Sorafenib plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with cisplatin versus sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: randomized phase II trial. Ann Oncol. 2016;27(11):2090–2096. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdw323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He M, Li Q, Zou R, et al. Sorafenib plus hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin vs sorafenib alone for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein invasion: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019;5(7):953–960. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.0250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo L, Xiao Y, Zhu G, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with PD-1 inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a tertiary medical center experience. Front Oncol. 2022;12:1004652. doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1004652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He MK, Liang RB, Zhao Y, et al. Lenvatinib, toripalimab, plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus lenvatinib alone for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2021;13:17588359211002720. doi:10.1177/17588359211002720
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mei J, Tang YH, Wei W, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with PD-1 inhibitors plus lenvatinib versus PD-1 inhibitors plus lenvatinib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol. 2021;11:618206. doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.618206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaragoza J, Caille A, Beneton N, et al. High neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio measured before starting ipilimumab treatment is associated with reduced overall survival in patients with melanoma. Br J Dermatol. 2016;174(1):146–151. doi:10.1111/bjd.14155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yalon M, Toren A, Jabarin D, Fadida E, Constantini S, Mehrian-Shai R. Elevated NLR may be a feature of pediatric brain cancer patients. Front Oncol. 2019;9:327. doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.00327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng B, Wang YH, Liu YM, Ma LX. Prognostic significance of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(3):3098–3106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu X, Gao X, Li X, et al. Prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in prostate cancer: evidence from 16,266 patients. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):22089. doi:10.1038/srep22089
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iimori N, Kashiwagi S, Asano Y, et al. Clinical significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in endocrine therapy for stage IV breast cancer. In Vivo. 2018;32(3):669–675. doi:10.21873/invivo.11292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho H, Hur HW, Kim SW, et al. Pre-treatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is elevated in epithelial ovarian cancer and predicts survival after treatment. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2009;58(1):15–23. doi:10.1007/s00262-008-0516-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grenader T, Nash S, Adams R, et al. Derived neutrophil lymphocyte ratio is predictive of survival from intermittent therapy in advanced colorectal cancer: a post hoc analysis of the MRC COIN study. Br J Cancer. 2016;114(6):612–615. doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motomura T, Shirabe K, Mano Y, et al. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio reflects hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation via inflammatory microenvironment. J Hepatol. 2013;58(1):58–64. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.08.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okamura Y, Ashida R, Ito T, Sugiura T, Mori K, Uesaka K. Preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and prognostic nutritional index predict overall survival after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg. 2015;39(6):1501–1509. doi:10.1007/s00268-015-2982-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mano Y, Shirabe K, Yamashita Y, et al. Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a predictor of survival after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective analysis. Ann Surg. 2013;258(2):301–305. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e318297ad6b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terashima T, Yamashita T, Iida N, et al. Blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a predictor in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Hepatol Res. 2015;45(9):949–959. doi:10.1111/hepr.12436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tada T, Kumada T, Hiraoka A, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib. Liver Int Apr. 2020;40(4):968–976. doi:10.1111/liv.14405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruix J, Cheng AL, Meinhardt G, Nakajima K, De Sanctis Y, Llovet J. Prognostic factors and predictors of sorafenib benefit in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of two Phase III studies. J Hepatol. 2017;67(5):999–1008. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.06.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Y, Ren Y, Chen L, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization combined with camrelizumab for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 2022;22(1):270. doi:10.1186/s12885-022-09325-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address EEE, European Association for the Study of the L. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69(1):182–236. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyaki D, Aikata H, Honda Y, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma according to Child-Pugh classification. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;27(12):1850–1857. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07276.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen CP, Lin J, Yang YC, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma risk prediction model for the general population: the predictive power of transaminases. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012;104(20):1599–1611. doi:10.1093/jnci/djs372
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hiraoka A, Michitaka K, Kumada T, et al. Validation and potential of albumin-bilirubin grade and prognostication in a nationwide survey of 46,681 hepatocellular carcinoma patients in Japan: the need for a more detailed evaluation of hepatic function. Liver Cancer. 2017;6(4):325–336. doi:10.1159/000479984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makuuchi M. Surveillance algorithm and diagnostic algorithm for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res. 2010;40:6–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reig M, Forner A, Rimola J, et al. BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: the 2022 update. J Hepatol. 2022;76(3):681–693. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2021.11.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan Z, Zhang J, Xu L, et al. Triple combination of HAIC-FO plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2023;18(10):e0290644. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0290644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geh D, Leslie J, Rumney R, Reeves HL, Bird TG, Mann DA. Neutrophils as potential therapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;19(4):257–273. doi:10.1038/s41575-021-00568-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou S-L, Zhou Z-J, Hu Z-Q, et al. Tumor-associated neutrophils recruit macrophages and T-regulatory cells to promote progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and resistance to sorafenib. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(7):1646–1658 e17. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llovet JM, Castet F, Heikenwalder M, et al. Immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2022;19(3):151–172. doi:10.1038/s41571-021-00573-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomonari T, Tani J, Sato Y, et al. Initial therapeutic results of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and the importance of hepatic functional reserve. Cancer Med. 2022;12(3):2646–2657. doi:10.1002/cam4.5145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tada T, Kumada T, Hiraoka A, et al. Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio predicts early outcomes in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab: a multicenter analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;34(6):698–706. doi:10.1097/MEG.0000000000002356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar