152
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Improving health care quality through culturally competent physicians: leadership and organizational diversity training

, &
Pages 29-40 | Published online: 15 Feb 2011

References

  • An older and more diverse nation by midcentury. US Census Bureau News. August 14, 2008. Available from: www.census.gov. Accessed January 14, 2011.
  • Chang S, Waid E, Martinec DV Zheng B, Swanstrom LL. Verbal communication improves laparoscopic team performance. Surg Innov. 2008;15(2):143–147.
  • Gawande AA, Zinner MJ, Studdert DM, Brennan TA. Analysis of errors reported by surgeons at three teaching hospitals. Surgery. 2003;133(6):614–621.
  • Yule S, Flin R, Paterson-Brown S, Maran N. Non-technical skills for surgeons: a review of the literature. Surgery. 2006;139:140–149.
  • Anderson LM, Scrimshaw SC, Fullilove MT, Fielding JE, Normand J. Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Culturally competent healthcare systems. A systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2003; 24 Suppl 3:68–79.
  • Kennedy ME. The role of the federal government in eliminating health disparities. Health Aff (Millwood). 2005;24(2):452–458.
  • Nelson A. Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. J Natl Med Assoc. 2002;94(8):666–668.
  • Toward health equity and patient-centeredness: integrating health literacy, disparities reduction, and quality improvement. Institute of Medicine. 2009. Available from: http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2009/Toward-Health-Equity-and-Paitent-Centeredness-Integrating-Health- Literacy-Disparities-Reduction-and-Quality-Improvement-Workshop- Summary.aspx. Accessed January 14, 2011.
  • Kagawa-Singer M, Kassim-Lakha S. A strategy to reduce cross-cultural miscommunication and increase the likelihood of improving health outcomes. Acad Med. 2003;78(6):577–587.
  • Brach C, Fraser I. Reducing disparities through culturally competent health care: an analysis of the business case. Qual Manag Health Care. 2002;10(4):15–28.
  • Engebretson J, Mahoney J, Carlson ED. Cultural competence in the era of evidence-based practice. J Prof Nurs. 2008;24(3):172–178.
  • Johnson RL, Roter D, Powe NR, Cooper LA. Patient race/ethnicity and quality of patient-physician communication during medical visits. Am J Public Health. 2004;94(12):2084–2090.
  • Cooper-Patrick L, Gallo JJ, Gonzales JJ, et al. Race, gender and partnership in the patient-physician relationship. JAMA. 1994;282(6):583–589.
  • Gaskin DJ, Hoffman C. Racial and ethnic differences in preventable hospitalizations across 10 states. Med Care Res Rev. 2000;57 Suppl 1:85–107.
  • Rue DS, Xie Y Disparities in treating culturally diverse children and adolescents. Psychiar Clin North Am. 2009;32(1):153–163.
  • Aboul-Enein BH, Aboul-Enein FH. The cultural gap delivering health care services to Arab American populations in the United States. J Cult Divers. 2010;17(1):20–23.
  • Coker TR, Rodriguez MA, Flores G. Family-centered care for US children with special health care needs: who gets it and why? Pediatrics. 2010;125(6):1159–1167.
  • Solway E, Estes CL, Goldberg S, Berry J. Access barriers to mental health services for older adults from diverse populations: perspectives of leaders in mental health and aging. J Aging Soc Policy. 2010;22(4):360–378.
  • Cargill VA, Stone VE. HIV/AIDS: a minority health issue. Med Clin North Am. 2005;89(4):895–912.
  • Bell SA, Bern-Klug M, Kramer KW, Saunders JB. Most nursing home social service directors lack training in working with lesbian, gay, and bisexual residents. Soc Work Health Care. 2010;49(9):814–831.
  • Sullivan PS, McNaghten AD, Begley E, Hutchinson A, Cargill VA. Enrollment of racial/ethnic minorities and women with HIV in clinical research studies of HIV medicines. J Natl Med Assoc. 2007;99(3):242–250.
  • Borkowski N. Organizational Behavior in Health Care. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers; 2005.
  • Cooper LA, Powe NR. Disparities in patient experiences, health care processes, and outcomes: the role of patient-provider racial, ethnic, and language concordance. The Commonwealth Fund. 2004. Available from: http://www.commonwealthfund.org. Accessed March 25, 2010.
  • Cohen JJ, Gabriel BA, Terrell C. The case for diversity in the health care workforce. Health Aff (Millwood). 2002;21(5):90–102.
  • Calman N. Making health equality a reality: the Bronx takes action. Health Aff (Millwood). 2005;24(2):491–498.
  • Brach C, Fraser I. Can cultural competency reduce racial and ethnic health disparities? A review and conceptual model. Med Care Res Rev. 2000;57 Suppl 1:181–217.
  • Aries NR. Managing diversity: the differing perceptions of line managers, line workers, and patients. Health Care Management Rev. 2004;29(3):172–180.
  • Dreachslin JL, Hunt PL, Sprainer E. Workforce diversity: implications for the effectiveness of health care delivery teams. Soc Sci Med. 2000;50(10):1403–1414.
  • Donabedian A. Definition of Quality and Approaches to Its Assessment. Ann Arbor, MI: Health Administration Press; 1980.
  • Sexton JB, Thomas EJ, Helmreich RL. Error, stress, and teamwork in medicine and aviation: cross sectional surveys. BMJ. 2000;320(7237):745–749. Available from: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/320/7237/745. Accessed March 13, 2009.
  • French JRP, Raven BH. The bases of social power. In: Cartwright D, Zandler A, editors. Group Dynamics: Research and Theory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Harper Row; 1960.
  • Denison DR, Sutton RI. Operating room nurses. In: Hackman J, editor. Groups That Work (and Those That Don’t): Creating Conditions for Effective Teamwork. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1990.
  • Burns JM. Leadership. New York, NY: Harper and Row; 1978.
  • Bass BM. Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York, NY: Free Press; 1985.
  • Ensari N, Murphy SE. Cross-cultural variations in leadership perceptions and attribution of charisma to the leader. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 2003;92(1–2):52–66.
  • Horwitz SK, Horwitz IB, Barshes NR. Addressing dysfunctional relations among health care teams: improving team cooperation through applied organizational theories [book chapter]. In press.
  • Friedman DM, Berger DL. Improving team structure and communication: a key to hospital efficiency. Arch Surg. 2004;139(11):1194–1198.
  • Sutcliffe KM, Lewton E, Rosenthal MM. Communication failures: an insidious contributor to medical mishaps. Acad Med. 2004;79(2):186–194.
  • Morrissey J. Dr. intimidation. Surly prescribers increase risk of errors. Mod Healthc. 2004;34(14):10.
  • Rosenstein AH, O’Daniel M. Disruptive behavior and clinical outcomes: perceptions of nurses and physicians. Am J Nurs. 2005;105(1):54–64.
  • Behal R, Finn J. Understanding and improving inpatient mortality in academic medical centers. Acad Med. 2009;84(12):1657–1662.
  • Larson JR Jr, Christensen C, Franz TM, Abbot AS. Diagnosing groups: the pooling, management, and impact of shared and unshared case information in team-based medical decision making. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998;75(1):93–108.
  • Mannix E, Neale MA. What differences make a difference? The promise and reality of diverse teams in organizations. Psychol Sci Public Interest. 2005;6(2):31–55.
  • Levi D. Group Dynamics for Teams. 3rd ed. Los Angeles, CA: Sage; 2011.
  • Vignovic JA, Thompson LF. Computer-mediated cross-cultural collaboration: attributing communication errors to the person versus the situation. J Appl Psychol. 2010;95(2):265–276.
  • Marshall RS, Boush DM. Dynamic decision-making: a cross-cultural comparison of US and Peruvian export managers. J Int Bus Stud. 2001;32(4):873–893.
  • Horwitz SK, Horwitz IB. The effects of team diversity on team outcomes: a meta-analytic review of team demography. J Manag. 2007;33(6):987–1015.
  • Jackson SE. Team composition in organizational settings: issues in managing an increasingly diverse workforce. In: Worchel S, Wood W Simpson JA, editors. Group Process and Productivity. Los Angeles, CA: Sage; 1992.
  • Edmondson AC, Nembhard IM. Product development and learning in project teams: the challenges are the benefits. J Prod Innov Manag. 2009;26(2):123–138.
  • Guthrie MB. Challenges in developing physician leadership and management. Front Health Serv Manage. 1999;15(4):3–26.
  • Merry MD. Physician leadership. The time is now. Physician Exec. 1996;22(9):4–9.
  • Schwartz RW. Physician leadership: a new imperative for surgical educators. Am J Surg. 1998;176(1):38–40.
  • McAlearney AS, Fisher D, Heiser K, Robbins D, Kelleher K. Developing effective physician leaders: changing cultures and transforming organizations. Hosp Top. 2005;83(2):11–18.
  • Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. http://www.acgme.org/acWebsite/RRC_280/280_coreComp.asp. Accessed September 21, 2010.
  • Cohen JJ. Finishing the bridge to diversity. Acad Med. 1997;72(2):103–109.
  • Danjoux Meth N, Lawless B, Hawryluck L. Conflicts in the ICU: perspectives of administrators and clinicians. Intensive Care Med. 2009;35(12):2068–2077.
  • Lemieux-Charles L, McGuire WL. What do we know about health care team effectiveness? A review of the literature. Med Care Res Rev. 2006;63(3):263–300.
  • Glinow MAV, Shapiro DL, Brett JM. Can we talk, and should we? Managing emotional conflict in multicultural teams. Acad Manage Rev. 2004;29(4):578–592.
  • Jehn KA. A qualitative analysis of conflict types and dimensions in organizational groups. Adm Sci Q. 1997;42:530–557.
  • Klien KJ, Harrison DA. On the diversity of diversity: tidy logic, messier realities. Acad Manage Perspect. 2007;21(4):26–33.
  • Farh JL, Lee C, Farh CI. Task conflict and team creativity: a question of how much and when. J Appl Psychol. 2010;95(6):1173–1180.
  • Bass BM, Riggio RE. Transformational Leadership. 2nd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2006.
  • Hughes RL, Ginnett RC, Curphy GJ. Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience. 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: Irwin; 1996.
  • Kearney E, Gebert D. Managing diversity and enhancing team outcomes: the promise of transformational leadership. J Appl Psychol. 2009;94(1):77–89.
  • Bass BM. From transactional to transformational leadership: learning to share the vision. Org Dyn. 1990;18(3):19–32.
  • Bass BM, Avilio BJ. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. 3rd ed. Palo Alto, CA: Mind Garden Inc; 2004.
  • Eastman JK, Eastman KL, Tolson MA. The relationship between ethical ideology and ethical behavior intentions: an exploratory look at physicians’ responses to managed care dilemmas. J Bus Ethics. 2001;31(3):209–224.
  • Horwitz IB, Horwitz SK, Daram P, Brandt ML, Brunicardi FC, Awad SS. Transformational, transactional, and passive-avoidant leadership characteristics of a surgical resident cohort: analysis using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and implications for improving surgical education curriculums. J Surg Res. 2008;148(1):49–59.
  • Wilson DS, Redman RW, Potempa KM. A vision and compass for health care leadership: lessons from the migrant nurse resolution for recurrent nursing shortage. J Healthc Leadersh. 2010;2:91–96.
  • Rosenbloom AH, Jotkowitz A. The ethics of the hospitalist model. J Hosp Med. 2010;5(3):183–188.
  • Ibarra H, Snook SA, Ramo LG. Identity-based leader development. In: Nohria N, Khurana R, editors. Handbook of Leadership Theory and Practice. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press; 2010.
  • Joiner WB, Josephs SA. Leadership Agility: Five Levels of Masteryfor Anticipating and Initiating Change. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2007.
  • Torbert WR. Action Inquiry: The Secret of Timely and Transforming Leadership. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler; 2004.
  • Ibarra H. Professional selves: experimenting with image and identity in professional adaptation. Adm Sci Q. 1999;44(4):764–792.
  • Brewer MB, Roccas S. Individual values, social identity and optimal distinctiveness. In: Sedikides C, Brewer MB, editors. Individual Self, Rational Self, Collective Self. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press; 2001.
  • Gelfand MJ, Erez M, Aycan Z. Cross-cultural organizational behavior. Annu Rev Psychol. 2007;58:479–514.
  • Cooper D, Thatcher SMB. Identification in organizations: the role of self-concept orientations in identification moves. Acad Manage Rev. 2010;35:516–538.
  • Schwandt DR. When managers become philosophers: integrating learning with sense making. Acad Manage Learn Educ. 2005;4(2):176–192.
  • Bass BM. Does the transactional-transformational leadership paradigm transcend organizational and national boundaries? Am Psychologist. 1997;52(2):130–139.
  • Jung DI, Chow C, Wu A. The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation: hypotheses and some preliminary findings. Leadersh Q. 2003;14(4–5):525–544.
  • Gaba DM. Structural and organizational issues in patient safety: a comparison of health care to other high-hazard industries. Calif Manage Rev. 2001;43(1):83–102.
  • Chrisman NJ. Extending cultural competence through systems change: academic, hospital and community partnerships. J Transcult Nurs. 2007; 18 Suppl 1:68S–76S.
  • Trofino J. Transformational leadership in health care. Nurs Manage. 1995;26(8):42–47.
  • Goeschel CA, Wachter RM, Pronovost PJ. Responsibility for quality improvement and patient safety: hospital board and medical staff leadership challenges. Chest. 2010;138(1):171–178.
  • Majmudar A, Jain AK, Chaudry J, Schwartz RW. High-performance teams and the physician leader: an overview. J Surg Educ. 2010;67(4):205–209.
  • Gorman JC, Cooke NJ, Amazeen PG. Training adaptive teams. Hum Factors. 2010;52(2):295–307.
  • Maizes V Rakel D, Niemiec C. Integrative medicine and patient- centered care. Explore (NY). 2009;5(5)277–289.
  • Dierdorff EC, Bell ST, Belohlav JA. The power of ‘we’: effects of psychological collectivism on team performance over time. J Appl Psychol. October 4, 2010. [Epub ahead of print].
  • Price D, Howard M, Hilts L, et al. Interprofessional education in academic family medicine teaching units: a functional program and culture. Can Fam Physician. 2009;55(9):901, e1-e5.
  • James J, Green D, Rodriguez C, Fong R. Addressing disproportional- ity through undoing racism, leadership development, and community engagement. Child Welfare. 2008;87(2):279–296.
  • Early PC, Ang S. Cultural Intelligence: Individual Interactions Across Cultures. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press; 2003.
  • Ang S, Van Dyne L, Koh C, et al. Cultural intelligence: its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation, and task performance. Manage Organiz Rev. 2007;3:335–371.
  • Isenberg GA, Berg KW, Veloski JA, Berg DD, Veloski JJ, Yeo CJ. Evaluation of the use of patient-focused simulation for student assessment in a surgery clerkship. Am J Surg. September 17, 2010. [Epub ahead of print].
  • Fors UG, Muntean V Botezatu M, Zary N. Cross-cultural use and development of virtual patients. Med Teach. 2009;31(8):732–738.
  • Helmreich RL, Schaefer HG. Team performance in the operating room. In: Bogner M, editor. Human Error in Medicine. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1994.
  • Ruston A, Tavabie A. Fostering clinical engagement and medical leadership and aligning cultural values: an evaluation of a general practice specialty trainee integrated training placement in a primary care trust. Qual Prim Care. 2010;18(4):263–268.
  • Smith KA, Sudore LR, Perez-Stable JE. Palliative care for Latino patients and their families: whenever we prayed, she wept. JAMA. 2009;301(10):1047–1057, E1.
  • Kundhal KK, Kundhal PS. Cultural diversity: an evolving challenge to physician-patient communication. JAMA. 2003;289(1):94.
  • Battaglia B. Skills for managing multicultural teams. Cult Divers Work. 1992;4:4–12.
  • Trandis H. Culture and Social Behavior. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1994.
  • Cox HT, Blake S. Managing cultural diversity: implications for organizational competitiveness. Acad Manage Exec. 1991;5(3):45–56.
  • Nutting PA, Crabtree BF, Miller WL, Stewart EE, Stange KC, Jaén CR. Journey to the patient-centered medical home: a qualitative analysis of the experiences of practices in the National Demonstration Project. Ann Fam Med. 2010;8 Suppl 1:S45–S56.
  • Gardenshwartz L, Rowe A. The Managing Diversity Survival Guide: A Complete Collection of Checklists, Activities, and Tips/Book and Disk. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin; 1994.
  • Edmondson A, Roloff K. Overcoming barriers to collaboration: psychological safety and learning in diverse teams. In: Salas E, Goodwin G, Burke C, editors. Team Effectiveness in Complex Organizations: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives and Approaches. New York, NY: Routledge; 2008.
  • Tervalon M, Murray-Garcia J. Cultural humility versus cultural competence: a critical distinction in defining physician training outcomes in multicultural education. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 1998:9(2):117–125.
  • Jayne MEA, Dipboye RL. Leveraging diversity to improve business performance: research findings and recommendations for organizations. Human Resource Management. 2004;43(4):409–424.
  • Betancourt JR, Green AR, Carrillo JE, Ananeh-Firempong O 2nd. Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Public Health Rep. 2003;118(4):293–302.
  • Betancourt JR. Cultural competency: providing quality care to diverse populations. Consult Pharm. 2006;21(12):988–995.