Gold Nanoparticle-Based Therapy for Muscle Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

References

• Paula MM, Petronilho F, Vuolo F, et al. Gold nanoparticles and/or N-acetylcysteine N -acetylcysteine mediate carrageenan-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in a concentration-dependent manner. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2015;103(10):3323–3330. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.35469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haupenthal D, Dias FM, Zaccaron RP, et al. Effects of phonophoresis with Ibuprofen associated with gold nanoparticles in animal model of traumatic muscle injury. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2019;143:105120. doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tartuce LP, Brandt FP, Dos Santos Pedroso G, et al. 2-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile-conjugated gold nanoparticles improves redox and inflammatory profile in infarcted rats. Colloids Surf B. 2020;192:111012. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chugh H, Sood D, Chandra I, Tomar V, Dhawan G, Chandra RJA. Role of gold and silver nanoparticles in cancer nano-medicine. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018;46(sup1):1210–1220. doi:10.1080/21691401.2018.1449118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombardo D, Kiselev MA, Caccamo MTJ. Smart nanoparticles for drug delivery application: development of versatile nanocarrier platforms in biotechnology and nanomedicine. J Nanomater. 2019;2019:1–26. doi:10.1155/2019/3702518
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromma K, Chithrani DBJ. Advances in gold nanoparticle-based combined cancer therapy. Nanomaterials. 2020;10(9):1671.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh P, Pandit S, Mokkapati V, Garg A, Ravikumar V, Mijakovic IJI. Gold nanoparticles in diagnostics and therapeutics for human cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:1979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojea-Jiménez I, Romero FM, Bastús NG, Puntes VJT. Small gold nanoparticles synthesized with sodium citrate and heavy water: insights into the reaction mechanism. J Phys Chem. 2010;114(4):1800–1804.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elbialy NS, Fathy MM, Khalil WMJ. Doxorubicin loaded magnetic gold nanoparticles for in vivo targeted drug delivery. Int J Pharm. 2015;490(1–2):190–199. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatoo MA, Naseem S, Arfat MY, Mahmood Dar A, Qasim K, Zubair SJB. Physicochemical properties of nanomaterials: implication in associated toxic manifestations. BioMed Res Int. 2014;2014. doi:10.1155/2014/498420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Della Vechia IC, Steiner BT, Freitas ML, et al. Comparative cytotoxic effect of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles with different sizes on noncancerous and cancerous cell lines. J Nanoparticle Res. 2020;22:133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sani A, Cao C, Cui DJB. Toxicity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs): a review. Biochem Biophys Rep. 2021;26:100991. doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100991
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chithrani BD, Ghazani AA, Chan WC. Determining the size and shape dependence of gold nanoparticle uptake into mammalian cells. Nano Lett. 2006;6(4):662–668. doi:10.1021/nl052396o
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labouta HI, el-Khordagui LK, Kraus T, Schneider M. Mechanism and determinants of nanoparticle penetration through human skin. Nanoscale. 2011;3(12):4989–4999. doi:10.1039/c1nr11109d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raimondo TM, Mooney DJ. Functional muscle recovery with nanoparticle-directed M2 macrophage polarization in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(42):10648–10653. doi:10.1073/pnas.1806908115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boisselier E, Astruc D. Gold nanoparticles in nanomedicine: preparations, imaging, diagnostics, therapies and toxicity. Chem Soc Rev. 2009;38(6):1759–1782. doi:10.1039/b806051g
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menon S, Rajeshkumar S, Kumar VJR. A review on biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles, characterization, and its applications. Resor Effic Technol. 2017;3:516–527.
   Google Scholar
• Sacks D, Baxter B, Campbell BCV, et al. Multisociety consensus quality improvement revised consensus statement for endovascular therapy of acute ischemic stroke. Int J Stroke. 2018;13(6):612–632. doi:10.1177/1747493018778713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberdörster G, Oberdörster E, Oberdörster J. Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113(7):823–839. doi:10.1289/ehp.7339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aillon KL, Xie Y, El-Gendy N, Berkland CJ, Forrest ML. Effects of nanomaterial physicochemical properties on in vivo toxicity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2009;61(6):457–466. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2009.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y-S, Hung Y-C, Liau I, Huang GS. Assessment of the in vivo toxicity of gold nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2009;4(8):858. doi:10.1007/s11671-009-9334-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiufiuc R, Iacovita C, Nicoara R, et al. One-step synthesis of PEGylated gold nanoparticles with tunable surface charge. J Nanomater. 2013;2013.
   Google Scholar
• Albanese A, Tang PS, Chan WC. The effect of nanoparticle size, shape, and surface chemistry on biological systems. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2012;14:1–16. doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071811-150124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adewale OB, Davids H, Cairncross L, Roux SJI. Toxicological behavior of gold nanoparticles on various models: influence of physicochemical properties and other factors. Int J Toxicol. 2019;38(5):357–384. doi:10.1177/1091581819863130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie X, Liao J, Shao X, Li Q, Lin YJS. The effect of shape on cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles in the forms of stars, rods, and triangles. Sci Rep. 2017;7:1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia Q, Huang J, Feng Q, et al. Size-and cell type-dependent cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and in vivo distribution of gold nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14(6957).
   Google Scholar
• Gupta R, Rai BJS. Effect of size and surface charge of gold nanoparticles on their skin permeability: a molecular dynamics study. Sci Rep. 2017;7:1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornaguera C, Feiner-Gracia N, Dols-Perez A, García-Celma MJ, Solans CJP. Versatile methodology to encapsulate gold nanoparticles in plga nanoparticles obtained by nano-emulsion templating. Pharm Res. 2017;34(5):1093–1103. doi:10.1007/s11095-017-2119-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foroozandeh P, Aziz AAJ. Insight into cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2018;13:1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spampinato V, Parracino MA, La Spina R, Rossi F, Ceccone GJF. Surface analysis of gold nanoparticles functionalized with thiol-modified glucose SAMs for biosensor applications. Front Chem. 2016;4:8. doi:10.3389/fchem.2016.00008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh YC, Creran B, Rotello VM. Gold nanoparticles: preparation, properties, and applications in bionanotechnology. Nanoscale. 2012;4(6):1871–1880. doi:10.1039/C1NR11188D
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardoso Avila PE, Rangel Mendoza A, Pichardo Molina JL, et al. Biological response of HeLa cells to gold nanoparticles coated with organic molecules. Toxicol In Vitro. 2017;42:114–122. doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Mou L, Jiang X. Surface chemistry of gold nanoparticles for health-related applications. Chem Sci. 2020;11(4):923–936. doi:10.1039/C9SC06497D
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li T, Wang Y, Wang M, et al. Impact of albumin pre-coating on gold nanoparticles uptake at single-cell level. Nanomaterials. 2022;12:749.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özçiçek İ, Ulaş Aytürk N, Aysit N. Histological changes in mice tissues induced by gold nanoparticles with different surface coatings and sizes. Exp Biol Med. 2022;5:73–87.
   Google Scholar
• Bednarski M, Dudek M, Knutelska J, et al. The influence of the route of administration of gold nanoparticles on their tissue distribution and basic biochemical parameters: in vivo studies. Pharmacol Rep. 2015;67(3):405–409. doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2014.10.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commoner B, Townsend J, Pake GEJ. Free radicals in biological materials. Nature. 1954;174(4432):689–691. doi:10.1038/174689a0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerschman R, Gilbert DL, Nye SW, Dwyer P, Fenn WOJ. Oxygen poisoning and x-irradiation: a mechanism in common. Science. 1954;119(3097):623–626. doi:10.1126/science.119.3097.623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harman DJF. Free radical theory of aging: history. Free Radic Aging. 1992;275:1–10.
   Google Scholar
• McCord JM, Fridovich IJJ. Superoxide dismutase: an enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). J Biol Chem. 1969;244(22):6049–6055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murad FJA. Discovery of some of the biological effects of nitric oxide and its role in cell signaling (Nobel lecture). Biosci Rep. 1856–1868;1999(38).
   Google Scholar
• Sies HJR. Hydrogen peroxide as a central redox signaling molecule in physiological oxidative stress: oxidative eustress. Redox Biol. 2017;11:613–619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin J, Oh SH, Jones R, et al. The peptide-binding cavity is essential for Als3-mediated adhesion of Candida albicans to human cells. J Biol Chem. 2014;289(26):18401–18412. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.547877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Wang X, Wang Q, et al. Nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (nanozymes): next-generation artificial enzymes (II). Chem Soc Rev. 2019;48(4):1004–1076. doi:10.1039/c8cs00457a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sims CM, Hanna SK, Heller DA, et al. Redox-active nanomaterials for nanomedicine applications. Nanoscale. 2017;9(15226–15251).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu Y, Shi JJN. Antioxidative nanomaterials and biomedical applications. Nano Today. 2019;27:146–177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thirupathi A, Pinho RA, Ugbolue UC, He Y, Meng Y, Gu YJ. Effect of running exercise on oxidative stress biomarkers: a systematic review. Front Physiol. 2021;1789.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nethi SK, Barui AK, Mukherjee S, Patra CRJA, signaling R. Engineered nanoparticles for effective redox signaling during angiogenic and antiangiogenic therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2019;30(5):786–809. doi:10.1089/ars.2017.7383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarin C, Carril M, Martin-Ventura JL, et al. Targeted gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for CD163 detection in atherosclerosis by MRI. Sci Rep. 2015;5:1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramaniam SR, Chesselet M-F. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease. Prog Neurobiol. 2013;106:17–32. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.04.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jawaid P, Rehman MU, Zhao Q-L, et al. Small size gold nanoparticles enhance apoptosis-induced by cold atmospheric plasma via depletion of intracellular GSH and modification of oxidative stress. Cell Death Discov. 2020;6:1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding F, Li Y, Liu J, et al. Overendocytosis of gold nanoparticles increases autophagy and apoptosis in hypoxic human renal proximal tubular cells. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9:4317. doi:10.2147/IJN.S68685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexis F, Pridgen E, Molnar LK, Farokhzad OCJ. Factors affecting the clearance and biodistribution of polymeric nanoparticles. Mol Pharm. 2008;5(4):505–515. doi:10.1021/mp800051m
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulter JA, Jain S, Butterworth KT, et al. Cell type-dependent uptake, localization, and cytotoxicity of 1.9 nm gold nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine. 2012;7:2673. doi:10.2147/IJN.S31751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezatabar S, Karimian A, Rameshknia V, et al. RAS/MAPK signaling functions in oxidative stress, DNA damage response and cancer progression. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(14951–14965).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tian F, Clift MJ, Casey A, et al. Investigating the role of shape on the biological impact of gold nanoparticles in vitro. Nanomedicine. 2015;10(17):2643–2657. doi:10.2217/nnm.15.103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaeublin NM, Braydich-Stolle LK, Schrand AM, et al. Surface charge of gold nanoparticles mediates mechanism of toxicity. Nanoscale. 2011;3(2):410–420. doi:10.1039/c0nr00478b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durocher I, Noël C, Lavastre V, Girard DJI. Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo proinflammatory activities of gold (+) and gold (−) nanoparticles. Inflamm Res. 2017;66(11):981–992. doi:10.1007/s00011-017-1078-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vreeken V, Siegler MA, van der Vlugt JI. Controlled interconversion of a dinuclear au species supported by a redox-active bridging PNP ligand facilitates ligand-to-gold electron transfer. Chemistry. 2017;23(23):5585–5594. doi:10.1002/chem.201700360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun C, Mirzadeh N, Guo SX, et al. Electrochemical interconversion of Au (I)–Au (I), Au (II)–Au (II), and Au (I)–Au (III) in binuclear complexes containing the carbanionic ligand C6F4PPh2. Inorg Chem. 2019;58(20):13999–14004. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Ye X, Guo X, Geng Z, Wang G. Effects of surface ligands on the uptake and transport of gold nanoparticles in rice and tomato. J Hazard Mater. 2016;314:188–196. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Sanchez JA, Dimitratos N, Hammond C, et al. Facile removal of stabilizer-ligands from supported gold nanoparticles. Nat Chem. 2011;3(7):551–556. doi:10.1038/nchem.1066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang XX, Liao C. Perspectives in medicinal chemistry: current progress in the development of metalloprotein inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem. 2015;16(5):467–469. doi:10.2174/156802661605151022150043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen X, Wu J, Wang F, et al. Deconvoluting the role of reactive oxygen species and autophagy in human diseases. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013;65:402–410. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherz‐Shouval R, Shvets E, Fass E, Shorer H, Gil L, Elazar ZJTE. Reactive oxygen species are essential for autophagy and specifically regulate the activity of Atg4. EMBO J. 2007;26(7):1749–1760. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eleftheriadou D, Kesidou D, Moura F, Felli E, Song WJS. Redox‐responsive nanobiomaterials‐based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Small. 2020;16(1907308). doi:10.1002/smll.201907308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heckert EG, Karakoti AS, Seal S, Self WTJ. The role of cerium redox state in the SOD mimetic activity of nanoceria. Biomaterials. 2008;29(18):2705–2709. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.03.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aioub M, Panikkanvalappil SR, El-Sayed MAJ. Platinum-coated gold nanorods: efficient reactive oxygen scavengers that prevent oxidative damage toward healthy, untreated cells during plasmonic photothermal therapy. ACS Nano. 2017;11(579–586):579–586. doi:10.1021/acsnano.6b06651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma Y, Fu H, Zhang C, et al. Chiral antioxidant-based gold nanoclusters reprogram DNA epigenetic patterns. Sci Rep. 2016;6:1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mueller A, Bullich S, Barret O, et al. Tau PET imaging with 18F-PI-2620 in patients with Alzheimer disease and healthy controls: a first-in-humans study. J Nucl Med. 2020;61(6):911–919. doi:10.2967/jnumed.119.236224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou K, Zhao J, Wang H, et al. Chiral gold nanoparticles enantioselectively rescue memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Nat Commun. 2020;11:1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Yin T, Liu Y, Sun J, Zhou Y, Liu J. Gold nanoparticle-capped mesoporous silica-based H(2)O(2)-responsive controlled release system for Alzheimer’s disease treatment. Acta Biomater. 2016;46:177–190. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2016.09.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limbach LK, Wick P, Manser P, et al. Exposure of engineered nanoparticles to human lung epithelial cells: influence of chemical composition and catalytic activity on oxidative stress. Environ Sci Technol. 2007;41(11):4158–4163. doi:10.1021/es062629t
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acres RG, Feyer V, Tsud N, Carlino E, Prince KCJ. Mechanisms of aggregation of cysteine functionalized gold nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C. 2014;118:10481–10487.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge J, Liu K, Niu W, et al. Gold and gold-silver alloy nanoparticles enhance the myogenic differentiation of myoblasts through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and promote in vivo skeletal muscle regeneration. J Biomaterials. 2018;175:19–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan Y, Leifert A, Ruau D, et al. Gold nanoparticles of diameter 1.4 nm trigger necrosis by oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Small. 2009;5(18):2067–2076. doi:10.1002/smll.200900466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee P, Bhattacharya R, Wang P, et al. Antiangiogenic properties of gold nanoparticles. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11(9):3530–3534. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishihara J, Ishihara A, Fukunaga K, et al. Laminin heparin-binding peptides bind to several growth factors and enhance diabetic wound healing. Nat Commun. 2018;9:1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Victor EG, Silveira PC, Possato JC, et al. Pulsed ultrasound associated with gold nanoparticle gel reduces oxidative stress parameters and expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in an animal model of muscle injury. J Nanobiotechnology. 2012;10(1):11. doi:10.1186/1477-3155-10-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leite PEC, Pereira MR, Santos CAD, Campos APC, Esteves TM, Granjeiro JM. Gold nanoparticles do not induce myotube cytotoxicity but increase the susceptibility to cell death. Toxicol Vitro. 2015;29(5):819–827. doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2015.02.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel S, Yin PT, Sugiyama H, Lee KB. Inducing stem cell myogenesis using nanoscript. ACS Nano. 2015;9(7):6909–6917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zortéa D, Silveira PCL, Souza PS, et al. Effects of phonophoresis and gold nanoparticles in experimental model of muscle overuse: role of oxidative stress. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2015;41(1):151–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silveira PCL, Victor EG, Notoya FD, et al. Effects of phonophoresis with gold nanoparticles on oxidative stress parameters in a traumatic muscle injury model. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(3):926–932. doi:10.3109/10717544.2014.923063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim W, Jang CH, Kim GH. A myoblast-laden collagen bioink with fully aligned au nanowires for muscle-tissue regeneration. Nano Lett. 2019;19(12):8612–8620. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Da Rocha FR, Haupenthal DPD, Zaccaron RP, et al. Therapeutic effects of iontophoresis with gold nanoparticles in the repair of traumatic muscle injury. J Drug Target. 2020;28(3):307–319. doi:10.1080/1061186X.2019.1652617
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haupenthal D, Possato JC, Zaccaron RP, et al. Effects of chronic treatment with gold nanoparticles on inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in Mdx mice. J Drug Target. 2020;28(1):46–54. doi:10.1080/1061186X.2019.1613408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haupenthal DPD, Zortea D, Zaccaron RP, et al. Effects of phonophoresis with diclofenac linked gold nanoparticles in model of traumatic muscle injury. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020;110:13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raimondo TM, Mooney DJ. Anti-inflammatory nanoparticles significantly improve muscle function in a murine model of advanced muscular dystrophy. Sci Adv. 2021;7(26):10. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abh3693
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thirupathi A, Sorato HR, Silva PRL, et al. Effect of taurine associated gold nanoparticles on oxidative stress in muscle of mice exposed to overuse model. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2021;93(2):12. doi:10.1590/0001-3765202120191450
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang YP, Le Friec A, Chen ML. 3D anisotropic conductive fibers electrically stimulated myogenesis. Int J Pharm. 2021;606:10. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120841
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Järvinen TA, Järvinen TL, Kääriäinen M, et al. Muscle injuries: optimising recovery. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2007:21(317–331):317–331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tidball JG, Villalta SA. Regulatory interactions between muscle and the immune system during muscle regeneration. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010;298(5):R1173–R1187. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00735.2009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko WC, Shieh JM, Wu WB. P38 MAPK and Nrf2 activation mediated naked gold nanoparticle induced heme oxygenase-1 expression in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Arch Med Res. 2020;51(5):388–396. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam NU, Khan I, Rauf A, Muhammad N, Shahid M, Shah MR. Antinociceptive, muscle relaxant and sedative activities of gold nanoparticles generated by methanolic extract of Euphorbia milii. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15(1):160. doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0691-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun PP, Lai CS, Hung CJ, et al. Subchronic oral toxicity evaluation of gold nanoparticles in male and female mice. Heliyon. 2021;7(3):e06577. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06577
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu Z-M, Wan X-M, Xiao M, Zheng C, Zhou X-L. Puerarin induces Nrf2 as a cytoprotective mechanism to prevent cadmium-induced autophagy inhibition and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in AML12 hepatic cells. J Inorg Biochem. 2021;217:111389. doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silveira PC, Venâncio M, Souza PS, et al. Iontophoresis with gold nanoparticles improves mitochondrial activity and oxidative stress markers of burn wounds. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2014;44:380–385. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2014.08.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar