Analysis of the Value of the Blood Urea Nitrogen to Albumin Ratio as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Sepsis

References

• Wu M-H, Tsou P-Y, Wang Y-H, et al. Impact of post-sepsis cardiovascular complications on mortality in sepsis survivors: a population-based study. Critical Care. 2019;23(1):293. doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2579-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleischmann C, Scherag A, Adhikari NKJ, et al. Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis. current estimates and limitations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;193(3):259–272. doi:10.1164/rccm.201504-0781oc
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han X, Edelson DP, Snyder A, et al. Implications of Centers for medicare & medicaid services severe sepsis and septic shock early management bundle and initial lactate measurement on the management of sepsis. Chest. 2018;154(2):302–308. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2018.03.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):801–810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schutte K, Malfertheiner P. Markers for predicting severity and progression of acute pancreatitis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;22(1):75–90. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2007.10.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coopersmith CM, De Backer D, Deutschman CS, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: research priorities for sepsis and septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(9):1400–1426. doi:10.1007/s00134-018-5175-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnelly JP, Safford MM, Shapiro NI, Baddley JW, Wang HE. Application of the third international consensus definitions for sepsis (Sepsis-3) Classification: a retrospective population-based cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17(6):661–670. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30117-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao X-J, Li Q-X, Chang L-S, et al. Evaluation of the Application of APACHE II Combined With NIHSS Score in the Short-Term Prognosis of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Patient. Front Neurol. 2019;10:475. doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li D, Zhou Y, Yu J, et al. Evaluation of a novel prognostic score based on thrombosis and inflammation in patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56(7):1182–1192. doi:10.1515/cclm-2017-0863
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dundar ZD, Kucukceran K, Ayranci MK. Blood urea nitrogen to albumin ratio is a predictor of in-hospital mortality in older emergency department patients. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;46:349–354. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.10.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang D, Yang H, Yu H, et al. Blood Urea Nitrogen to Serum Albumin Ratio (BAR) Predicts Critical Illness in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:4711–4721. doi:10.2147/IJGM.S326204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Küçükceran K, Ayrancı MK, Girişgin AS, Koçak S, Dündar ZD. The role of the BUN/albumin ratio in predicting mortality in COVID-19 patients in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;48:33–37. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2021.03.090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bae SJ, Lee SH, Yun SJ, Kim K. Comparison of IVC diameter ratio, BUN/creatinine ratio and BUN/albumin ratio for risk prediction in emergency department patients. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;47:198–204. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2021.03.081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu B, Li D, Cheng Y, et al. Development and internal validation of a simple prognostic score for early sepsis risk stratification in the emergency department. BMJ open. 2021;11(7):e046009–e046009. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert Boter N, Mòdol Deltell JM, Casas Garcia I, Rocamora Blanch G, Lladós Beltran G, Carreres Molas A. Activation of code sepsis in the emergency department is associated with a decrease in mortality. Medicina Clínica. 2019;152(7):255–260. doi:10.1016/j.medcle.2019.01.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charles PE, Noel R, Massin F, et al. Significance of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 elevation in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with sepsis. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):559. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1893-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang W, Li X, Wen M, et al. Increased percentage of PD-L1(+) natural killer cells predicts poor prognosis in sepsis patients: a prospective observational cohort study. Critical Care. 2020;24(1):617. doi:10.1186/s13054-020-03329-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anami EHT, Grion CMC, Cardoso LTQ, et al. Serial evaluation of SOFA score in a Brazilian teaching hospital. Intensive Critical Care Nursing. 2010;26(2):75–82. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2009.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krasselt M, Baerwald C, Petros S, Seifert O. Outcome of Patients With Necrotizing Vasculitis Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for Sepsis: results of a Single-Centre Retrospective Analysis. J Intensive Care Med. 2021;36(12):1410–1416. doi:10.1177/0885066620953768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadaka F, EthmaneAbouElMaali C, Cytron MA, Fowler K, Javaux VM, O’Brien J. Predicting Mortality of Patients With Sepsis: a Comparison of APACHE II and APACHE III Scoring Systems. J Clin Med Res. 2017;9(11):907–910. doi:10.14740/jocmr3083w
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang X, Liang H, Wang Y, et al. Risk factors of renal dysfunction and their interaction in level-low lead exposure paint workers. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):526. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5475-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L, Chen Y, Jiao D, Yang S, Li L, Li P. Protective effect of astaxanthin on ochratoxin a-induced kidney injury to mice by regulating oxidative stress-related NRF2/KEAP1 Pathway. Molecules. 2020;25(6):1386. doi:10.3390/molecules25061386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Zhou L, Liu Z, et al. Higher Blood urea nitrogen and urinary calcium: new risk factors for diabetes mellitus in primary aldosteronism patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:23. doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu B, Xu G, Jin X, et al. Novel prognostic predictor for primary pulmonary hypertension: focus on blood urea nitrogen. Front Cardiovascular Med. 2021;8:724179. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.724179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pando E, Alberti P, Mata R, et al. Early Changes in Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Can Predict Mortality in Acute Pancreatitis: comparative Study between BISAP Score, APACHE-II, and Other Laboratory Markers-A Prospective Observational Study. Canadian j Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;2021:6643595. doi:10.1155/2021/6643595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Li T, Wang J, et al. Higher blood urea nitrogen level is independently linked with the presence and severity of neonatal sepsis. Ann Med. 2021;53(1):2192–2198. doi:10.1080/07853890.2021.2004317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Zheng R, Zhang T, Zeng Z, Li H, Liu J. Association between blood urea nitrogen and 30-day mortality in patients with sepsis: a retrospective analysis. Ann Palliat Med. 2021;10(11):11653–11663. doi:10.21037/apm-21-2937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demoule A, Jung B, Prodanovic H, et al. Diaphragm Dysfunction on Admission to the Intensive Care Unit. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Prognostic Impact—A Prospective Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(2):213–219. doi:10.1164/rccm.201209-1668oc
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrier RW, Wang W. Acute Renal Failure and Sepsis. N Eng J Med. 2004;351(2):159–169. doi:10.1056/nejmra032401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda M, Ishima Y, Chuang VTG, et al. Distribution of Polysulfide in Human Biological Fluids and Their Association with Amylase and Sperm Activities. Molecules. 2019;24(9):1689. doi:10.3390/molecules24091689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi JW, Park J-S, Lee CH. Genetically determined hypoalbuminemia as a risk factor for hypertension: instrumental variable analysis. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):11290. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89775-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li M, Tang C, Luo E, Qin Y, Wang D, Yan G. Relation of Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio to Severity of Coronary Artery Disease and Long-Term Prognosis in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:1860268. doi:10.1155/2020/1860268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon SH, Shin H, Lee KH, et al. Predictive factors for bacteremia in febrile infants with urinary tract infection. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):4469. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61421-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao G, Liao W, Zhang Y, et al. Analysis of fungal bloodstream infection in intensive care units in the Meizhou region of China: species distribution and resistance and the risk factors for patient mortality. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):599. doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05291-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohta Y, Miyamoto K, Kawazoe Y, Yamamura H, Morimoto T. Effect of dexmedetomidine on inflammation in patients with sepsis requiring mechanical ventilation: a sub-analysis of a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Critical Care. 2020;24(1):493. doi:10.1186/s13054-020-03207-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shekar K, Roberts JA, Barnett AG, et al. Can physicochemical properties of antimicrobials be used to predict their pharmacokinetics during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation? Illustrative data from ovine models. Critical Care. 2015;19:437. doi:10.1186/s13054-015-1151-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grau T, Bonet A, Rubio M, et al. Liver dysfunction associated with artificial nutrition in critically ill patients. Critical Care. 2007;11(1):1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philips CA, Maiwall R, Sharma MK, et al. Comparison of 5% human albumin and normal saline for fluid resuscitation in sepsis induced hypotension among patients with cirrhosis (FRISC study): a randomized controlled trial. Hepatol Int. 2021;15(4):983–994. doi:10.1007/s12072-021-10164-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar