Characterization of Immune-Related Genes and Immune Infiltration Features in Epilepsy by Multi-Transcriptome Data

References

• Thijs RD, Surges R, O’Brien TJ, Sander JW. Epilepsy in adults. Lancet. 2019;393(10172):689–701. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32596-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legnani M, Bertinat A, Decima R, et al. Applicability and contribution of the new ILAE 2017 classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsies. Epileptic Disord. 2019;21(6):549–554. doi:10.1684/epd.2019.1108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henshall DC. MicroRNA and epilepsy: profiling, functions and potential clinical applications. Curr Opin Neurol. 2014;27(2):199–205. doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Epilepsy Factsheet. WHO Webpage; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy. Accessed October 16, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Rogawski MA, Löscher W, Rho JM. Mechanisms of action of antiseizure drugs and the ketogenic diet. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2016;6(5):a022780. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a022780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE commission for classification and terminology. Epilepsia. 2017;58(4):512–521. doi:10.1111/epi.13709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vezzani A, French J, Bartfai T, Baram TZ. The role of inflammation in epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol. 2011;7(1):31–40. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rijkers K, Majoie HJ, Hoogland G, Kenis G, De Baets M, Vles JS. The role of interleukin-1 in seizures and epilepsy: a critical review. Exp Neurol. 2009;216(2):258–271. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.12.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer J, Becker AJ, Elyaman W, et al. Innate and adaptive immunity in human epilepsies. Epilepsia. 2017;58(Suppl 3):57–68. doi:10.1111/epi.13784
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z, Cui Y, Feng J, Guo Y. Identifying the pattern of immune related cells and genes in the peripheral blood of ischemic stroke. J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):296. doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02463-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao X, Zhang L, Wang J, et al. Identification of key biomarkers and immune infiltration in systemic lupus erythematosus by integrated bioinformatics analysis. J Transl Med. 2021;19(1):35. doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02698-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boer K, Crino PB, Gorter JA, et al. Gene expression analysis of tuberous sclerosis complex cortical tubers reveals increased expression of adhesion and inflammatory factors. Brain Pathol. 2010;20(4):704–719. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2009.00341.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niesen CE, Xu J, Fan X, et al. Transcriptomic profiling of human peritumoral neocortex tissues revealed genes possibly involved in tumor-induced epilepsy. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56077. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawat C, Kushwaha S, Srivastava AK, Kukreti R. Peripheral blood gene expression signatures associated with epilepsy and its etiologic classification. Genomics. 2020;112(1):218–224. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.01.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thrupp N, Sala Frigerio C, Wolfs L, et al. Single-nucleus RNA-seq is not suitable for detection of microglial activation genes in humans. Cell Rep. 2020;32(13):108189. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franceschini A, Szklarczyk D, Frankild S, et al. STRING v9.1: protein-protein interaction networks, with increased coverage and integration. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;41(Database issue):D808–15. doi:10.1093/nar/gks1094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bader GD, Hogue CW. An automated method for finding molecular complexes in large protein interaction networks. BMC Bioinform. 2003;4(1):2. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-4-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman AM, Liu CL, Green MR, et al. Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profiles. Nat Methods. 2015;12(5):453–457. doi:10.1038/nmeth.3337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bindea G, Mlecnik B, Tosolini M, et al. Spatiotemporal dynamics of intratumoral immune cells reveal the immune landscape in human cancer. Immunity. 2013;39(4):782–795.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hänzelmann S, Castelo R, Guinney J. GSVA: gene set variation analysis for microarray and RNA-seq data. BMC Bioinform. 2013;14(1):7. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-14-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang H, Wang X. PD-1 is an immune-inflammatory potential biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of intractable epilepsy. Biomed Res Int. 2021;2021:7973123. doi:10.1155/2021/7973123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gnatek Y, Zimmerman G, Goll Y, Najami N, Soreq H, Friedman A. Acetylcholinesterase loosens the brain’s cholinergic anti-inflammatory response and promotes epileptogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci. 2012;5:66. doi:10.3389/fnmol.2012.00066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gales JM, Prayson RA. Chronic inflammation in refractory hippocampal sclerosis-related temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2017;30:12–16. doi:10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2017.05.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lukasiuk K, Dabrowski M, Adach A, Pitkänen A. Epileptogenesis-related genes revisited. Prog Brain Res. 2006;158:223–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie Z, Wu B, Liu Y, et al. Novel class of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor kinase inhibitors based on an o-aminopyridyl alkynyl scaffold as potential treatment for inflammatory disorders. J Med Chem. 2020;63(3):1397–1414. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spangenberg E, Severson PL, Hohsfield LA, et al. Sustained microglial depletion with CSF1R inhibitor impairs parenchymal plaque development in an Alzheimer’s disease model. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):3758. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11674-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose-John S. Blocking only the bad side of IL-6 in inflammation and cancer. Cytokine. 2021;148:155690. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Zhang M, Qiu W, et al.; TANGO Study Investigators. Safety and efficacy of tocilizumab versus azathioprine in highly relapsing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (TANGO): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, Phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(5):391–401. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30070-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks KE, Cho K, Stickling C, Reynolds JM. Toll-like receptor 2 in autoimmune inflammation. Immune Netw. 2021;21(3):e18. doi:10.4110/in.2021.21.e18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin F, Shan W, Zheng Y, Pan L, Zuo Z. Toll-like receptor 2 activation and up-regulation by high mobility group box-1 contribute to post-operative neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in mice. J Neurochem. 2021;158(2):328–341. doi:10.1111/jnc.15368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing X, Luan Z, Liu B. miR-558 reduces the damage of HBE cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract by targeting TNFRSF1A and inactivating TAK1/MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Immunol Invest. 2021;1–15. doi:10.1080/08820139.2021.1874977
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang M, Guo J, Dong LN, Wang JP. Cerebellar fastigial nucleus stimulation in a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model reduces post-stroke depression by suppressing brain inflammation via the microRNA-29c/TNFRSF1A signaling pathway. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:5594–5605. doi:10.12659/MSM.911835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouédraogo O, Rébillard RM, Jamann H, et al. Increased frequency of proinflammatory CD4 T cells and pathological levels of serum neurofilament light chain in adult drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2021;62(1):176–189. doi:10.1111/epi.16742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu D, Robinson AP, Ishii T, et al. Peripherally derived T regulatory and γδ T cells have opposing roles in the pathogenesis of intractable pediatric epilepsy. J Exp Med. 2018;215(4):1169–1186. doi:10.1084/jem.20171285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd P. Th1/Th2 balance: the hypothesis, its limitations, and implications for health and disease. Altern Med Rev. 2003;8(3):223–246.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lan TJ, Luo X, Mo MY, et al. Hydrolyzed seawater pearl tablet modulates the immunity via attenuating Th1/Th2 imbalance in an immunosuppressed mouse model. J Tradit Chin Med. 2021;41(3):397–405. doi:10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20210319.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Gassen KL, de Wit M, Koerkamp MJ, et al. Possible role of the innate immunity in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2008;49(6):1055–1065. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01470.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aronica E, Bauer S, Bozzi Y, et al. Neuroinflammatory targets and treatments for epilepsy validated in experimental models. Epilepsia. 2017;58(Suppl 3):27–38. doi:10.1111/epi.13783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• French JA, Koepp M, Naegelin Y, et al. Clinical studies and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of treatments. Epilepsia. 2017;58(Suppl 3):69–82. doi:10.1111/epi.13779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcox KS, Vezzani A. Does brain inflammation mediate pathological outcomes in epilepsy? Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014;813:169–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer S, Köller M, Cepok S, et al. NK and CD4+ T cell changes in blood after seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Neurol. 2008;211(2):370–377. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.01.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel DC, Tewari BP, Chaunsali L, Sontheimer H. Neuron-glia interactions in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2019;20(5):282–297. doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0126-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar