Peri-Ulcerative Mucosal Inflammation Appearance is an Independent Risk Factor for 30-Day Rebleeding in Patients with Gastric Ulcer Bleeding: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

References

• Wuerth BA, Rockey DC. Changing epidemiology of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the last decade: a nationwide analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2018;63(5):1286–1293. doi:10.1007/s10620-017-4882-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jairath V, Kahan BC, Logan RFA, et al. National audit of the use of surgery and radiological embolization after failed endoscopic haemostasis for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Br J Surg. 2012;99(12):1672–1680. doi:10.1002/bjs.8932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai Y, Du YQ, Wang D, et al. Peptic ulcer bleeding in China: a multicenter endoscopic survey of 1006 patients. J Dig Dis. 2014;15(1):5–11. doi:10.1111/1751-2980.12104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujishiro M, Iguchi M, Kakushima N, et al. Guidelines for endoscopic management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Dig Endosc. 2016;28(4):363–378. doi:10.1111/den.12639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camus M, Jensen DM, Kovacs TO, et al. Independent risk factors of 30-day outcomes in 1264 patients with peptic ulcer bleeding in the USA: large ulcers do worse. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;43(10):1080–1089. doi:10.1111/apt.13591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishikawa S, Inaba T, Wato M, et al. Exposed blood vessels of more than 2 mm in diameter are a risk factor for rebleeding after endoscopic clipping hemostasis for hemorrhagic gastroduodenal ulcer. Dig Endosc. 2013;25(1):13–19. doi:10.1111/j.1443-1661.2012.01333.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Groot NL, van Oijen MGH, Kessels K, et al. Reassessment of the predictive value of the Forrest classification for peptic ulcer rebleeding and mortality: can classification be simplified? Endoscopy. 2014;46(1):46–52. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1344884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suceveanu AI, Suceveanu A-P, Parepa I, et al. Reducing upper digestive bleeding risk in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants and concomitant infection with Helicobacter pylori. Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(6):205. doi:10.3892/etm.2020.9335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazăr DC, Ursoniu S, Goldiş A. Predictors of rebleeding and in-hospital mortality in patients with nonvariceal upper digestive bleeding. World J Clin Cases. 2019;7(18):2687–2703. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v7.i18.2687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuhashi T, Fukuda S, Abe Y, et al. The nature and treatment outcomes of bleeding post-bulbar duodenal ulcers. Dig Endosc. 2021;34:984–993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteiro S, Gonçalves TC, Magalhães J, Cotter J. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding risk scores: who, when and why? World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2016;7(1):86–96. doi:10.4291/wjgp.v7.i1.86
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saltzman JR, Tabak YP, Hyett BH, et al. A simple risk score accurately predicts in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and cost in acute upper GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74(6):1215–1224. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2011.06.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holle GE. Pathophysiology and modern treatment of ulcer disease. Int J Mol Med. 2010;25(4):483–491. doi:10.3892/ijmm_00000368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calam J, Baron JH. ABC of the upper gastrointestinal tract: pathophysiology of duodenal and gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. BMJ. 2001;323(7319):980–982. doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7319.980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai Y, Li ZS. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2015, Nanchang, China). J Dig Dis. 2016;17(2):79–87. doi:10.1111/1751-2980.12319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato M, Ota H, Okuda M, et al. Guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan: 2016 revised edition. Helicobacter. 2019;24(4):e12597. doi:10.1111/hel.12597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah SC, Piazuelo MB, Kuipers EJ, et al. AGA clinical practice update on the diagnosis and management of atrophic gastritis: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2021;161(4):1325–1332. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Zhu G, She L, et al. Analysis of risk factors and establishment of a prediction model for endoscopic primary bile reflux: a single-center retrospective study. Front Med. 2021;8:758771. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.758771
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barkun A, Sabbah S, Enns R, et al. The Canadian Registry on Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Endoscopy (RUGBE): endoscopic hemostasis and proton pump inhibition are associated with improved outcomes in a real-life setting. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99(7):1238–1246. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30272.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marmo R, Koch M, Cipolletta L, et al. Predictive factors of mortality from nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(7):1639–1647. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01865.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karaman A, Baskol M, Gursoy S, et al. Epinephrine plus argon plasma or heater probe coagulation in ulcer bleeding. World J Gastroenterol. 2011;17(36):4109–4112. doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i36.4109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Leerdam ME, Vreeburg EM, Rauws EAJ, et al. Acute upper GI bleeding: did anything change? Time trend analysis of incidence and outcome of acute upper GI bleeding between 1993/1994 and 2000. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(7):1494–1499. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07517.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrest JA, Finlayson ND, Shearman DJ. Endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding. Lancet. 1974;2(7877):394–397. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91770-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pippa G, Apuzzo M, Bazuro ME, et al. Epidemiological study of duodenal erosive disease; its prevalence and nosological position in relation to ulcerative peptic disease. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1989;167:32–35. doi:10.3109/00365528909091307
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gimiga N, Olaru C, Diaconescu S, et al. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children from a hospital center of Northeast Romania. Minerva Pediatr. 2016;68(3):189–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullady DK, Wang AY, Waschke KA. AGA clinical practice update on endoscopic therapies for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2020;159(3):1120–1128. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barkun AN, Almadi M, Kuipers EJ, et al. Management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: guideline recommendations from the International Consensus Group. Ann Intern Med. 2019;171(11):805–822. doi:10.7326/M19-1795
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau JYW, Yu Y, Tang RSY, et al. Timing of endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(14):1299–1308. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1912484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanley AJ, Laine L, Dalton HR, et al. Comparison of risk scoring systems for patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: international multicentre prospective study. BMJ. 2017;356:i6432. doi:10.1136/bmj.i6432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang CH, Chen Y-W, Young Y-R, et al. A prospective comparison of 3 scoring systems in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(5):775–778. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2013.01.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu S, Zhang X, Walline JH, et al. Comparing the performance of the ABC, AIMS65, GBS, and pRS scores in predicting 90-day mortality or rebleeding among emergency department patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a prospective multicenter study. J Transl Int Med. 2021;9(2):114–122. doi:10.2478/jtim-2021-0026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gralnek IM, Stanley AJ, Morris AJ, et al. Endoscopic diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (NVUGIH): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline - update 2021. Endoscopy. 2021;53(3):300–332. doi:10.1055/a-1369-5274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abougergi MS, Charpentier JP, Bethea E, et al. A prospective, multicenter study of the AIMS65 score compared with the Glasgow-Blatchford score in predicting upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage outcomes. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016;50(6):464–469. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000000395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar