References
- Mayumi T, Yoshida M, Tazuma S. The practice guidelines for primary care of acute abdomen 2015. Jpn J Radiol. 2016;34:80–115. doi:10.1007/s11604-015-0489-z
- Mederos MA, Reber HA, Girgis, MD. Acute pancreatitis: a review. JAMA. 2021;325:382–390. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.20317
- Yadav D, Lowenfels AB. The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Gastroenterology. 2013;144:1252–1261. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.068
- Roberts SE, Morrison-Rees S, John A. The incidence and aetiology of acute pancreatitis across Europe. Pancreatology. 2017;17:155–165. doi:10.1016/j.pan.2017.01.005
- Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C. Classification of acute pancreatitis–2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut. 2013;62:102–111. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779
- Krishna SG, Kamboj AK, Hart PA. The changing epidemiology of acute pancreatitis hospitalizations: a decade of trends and the impact of chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2017;46:482–488. doi:10.1097/MPA.0000000000000783
- Kulvatunyou N, Watt J, Friese RS. Management of acute mild gallstone pancreatitis under acute care surgery: should patients be admitted to the surgery or medicine service? Am J Surg. 2014;208:986–987. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.09.003
- Ince AT, Senturk H, Singh VK. A randomized controlled trial of home monitoring versus hospitalization for mild non-alcoholic acute interstitial pancreatitis: a pilot study. Pancreatology. 2014;14:174–178. doi:10.1016/j.pan.2014.02.007
- Forsmark CE, Vege SS, Wilcox CM. Acute pancreatitis. New Engl J Med. 2016;375:1972–1981. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1505202
- Working Group, I.A.P.A.P.A.A.P.G. IAP/APA evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2013;13:e1–e15. doi:10.1016/j.pan.2013.07.063
- Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985;13:818–829. doi:10.1097/00003246-198510000-00009
- Wu BU, Johannes RS, Sun X. The early prediction of mortality in acute pancreatitis: a large population-based study. Gut. 2008;57:1698–1703. doi:10.1136/gut.2008.152702
- Harshit Kumar A, Singh Griwan M. A comparison of APACHE II, BISAP, Ranson’s score and modified CTSI in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis based on the 2012 revised Atlanta Classification. Gastroenterol Rep. 2018;6:127–131. doi:10.1093/gastro/gox029
- Hagjer S, Kumar N. Evaluation of the BISAP scoring system in prognostication of acute pancreatitis - A prospective observational study. Int J Surg. 2018;54:76–81. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.04.026
- Kuo DC, Rider AC, Estrada P. Acute pancreatitis: what’s the score? J Emerg Med. 2015;48:762–770. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.02.018
- Sharma V, Shanti DT, Sharma R, Arterial PH. bicarbonate levels and base deficit at presentation as markers of predicting mortality in acute pancreatitis: a single-centre prospective study. Gastroenterol Report. 2014;2:226–231. doi:10.1093/gastro/gou037
- Gutiérrez-Jiménez AA, Castro-Jiménez E, Lagunes-Córdoba R. Total serum calcium and corrected calcium as severity predictors in acute pancreatitis. Revista de Gastroenterología de México. 2014;79:13–21. doi:10.1016/j.rgmx.2013.08.003
- En-qiang MAO, Jian FEI, Yi-bing PENG. Rapid hemodilution is associated with increased sepsis and mortality among patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Chin Med J. 2010;123:1639–1644.
- Frick TW. The role of calcium in acute pancreatitis. Surgery. 2012;152:S157–S163. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2012.05.013
- Chen HZ, Ji L, Li L. Early prediction of infected pancreatic necrosis secondary to necrotizing pancreatitis. Medicine. 2017;96:e7487. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000007487
- Liu J, Cao F, Dong XM. Early prediction of organ failure under the revised Atlanta classification. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2017;28:46–52. doi:10.5152/tjg.2016.0378
- Tao Peng M, Xin Peng R, Min Huang M. Serum calcium as an indicator of persistent organ failure in acute pancreatitis. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(7):978–982.
- Tran DD, Cuesta MA. Evaluation of severity in patients with acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992;87:604–608.
- Larvin M, McMahon MJ. APACHE-II score for assessment and monitoring of acute pancreatitis. Lancet. 1989;2:201–205. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(89)90381-4
- Ranson JH, Pasternack BS. Statistical methods for quantifying the severity of clinical acute pancreatitis. J Surg Res. 1977;22:79–91. doi:10.1016/0022-4804(77)90045-2
- Balthazar EJ, Ranson JH, Naidich DP. Acute pancreatitis: prognostic value of CT. Radiology. 1985;156:767–772. doi:10.1148/radiology.156.3.4023241
- Pezzilli R, Zerbi A; Italian Association for the Study of the, P. Consensus guidelines on severe acute pancreatitis. Dig Liver Dis. 2015;47:532–543. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2015.03.022
- Greenberg JA, Hsu J, Bawazeer M. Clinical practice guideline: management of acute pancreatitis. Can J Surg. 2016;59:128–140. doi:10.1503/cjs.015015
- Leppaniemi A, Tolonen M, Tarasconi A. 2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis. World J Emerg Surg. 2019;14:27. doi:10.1186/s13017-019-0247-0
- Surbatovic M, Radakovic S, Jevtic M. Predictive value of serum bicarbonate, arterial base deficit/excess and SAPS III score in critically ill patients. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2009;28:271–276.
- Hamada S, Masamune A, Shimosegawa T. Management of acute pancreatitis in Japan: analysis of nationwide epidemiological survey. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22:6335–6344. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i28.6335
- Rumbus Z, Toth E, Poto L. Bidirectional relationship between reduced blood pH and acute pancreatitis: a translational study of their noxious combination. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1360. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01360
- Jinno N, Hori Y, Naitoh I. Predictive factors for the mortality of acute pancreatitis on admission. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0221468. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0221468
- Ammori BJ, Barclay GR, Larvin M, McMahon MJ. Hypocalcemia in patients with acute pancreatitis: a putative role for systemic endotoxin exposure. Pancreas. 2003;26:213–217. doi:10.1097/00006676-200304000-00001
- Pokharel A, Sigdel PR, Phuyal S. Prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis using total serum calcium and albumin-corrected calcium: a prospective study in tertiary center hospital in Nepal. Surg Res Pract. 2017;2017:1869091. doi:10.1155/2017/1869091
- Warndorf MG, Kurtzman JT, Bartel MJ. Early fluid resuscitation reduces morbidity among patients with acute pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9:705–709. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2011.03.032
- Trikudanathan G, Navaneethan U, Vege SS. Current controversies in fluid resuscitation in acute pancreatitis: a systematic review. Pancreas. 2012;41:827–834. doi:10.1097/MPA.0b013e31824c1598