Low Level FLT3LG is a Novel Poor Prognostic Biomarker for Cervical Cancer with Immune Infiltration

References

• Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015;65:87–108. doi:10.3322/caac.21262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249. doi:10.3322/caac.21660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fokdal L, Sturdza A, Mazeron R, et al. Image guided adaptive brachytherapy with combined intracavitary and interstitial technique improves the therapeutic ratio in locally advanced cervical cancer: analysis from the retro embrace study. Radiother Oncol. 2016;120:434–440. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2016.03.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen VM, Guerra I, McCormack M, et al. Systematic review and network meta-analysis of bevacizumab plus first-line topotecan-paclitaxel or cisplatin-paclitaxel versus non-bevacizumab-containing therapies in persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2017;27:1237–1246. doi:10.1097/IGC.0000000000001000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontham ETH, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70:321–346. doi:10.3322/caac.21628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ott PA, Dotti G, Yee C, Goff SL. An update on adoptive T-cell therapy and neoantigen vaccines. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ B. 2019;39:e70–e78. doi:10.1200/EDBK_238001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martinez M, Moon EK. CAR T cells for solid tumors: new strategies for finding, infiltrating, and surviving in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol. 2019;10:128. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert C. A decade of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy. Nat Commun. 2020;11:3801. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17670-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao Q, Nobre A, Piñeiro P, et al. Genetic and epigenetic biomarkers of immune checkpoint blockade response. J Clin Med. 2020;9(1):286. doi:10.3390/jcm9010286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu D, Jenkins RW, Sullivan RJ. Mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2019;20:41–54. doi:10.1007/s40257-018-0389-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmon H, Idoyaga J, Rahman A, et al. Expansion and activation of CD103 + dendritic cell progenitors at the tumor site enhances tumor responses to therapeutic PD-L1 and BRAF inhibition. Immunity. 2016;44(4):924–938. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammerich L, Marron TU, Upadhyay R, et al. Systemic clinical tumor regressions and potentiation of PD1 blockade with in situ vaccination. Nat Med. 2019;25(5):814–824. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0410-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levesque S, Le Naour J, Pietrocola F, et al. A synergistic triad of chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and caloric restriction mimetics eradicates tumors in mice. Oncoimmunology. 2019;8(11):e1657375. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2019.1657375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu P, Zhao L, Pol J, et al. Crizotinibinduced immunogenic cell death in non-small cell lung cancer. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):1486. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09415-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alley EW, Lopez J, Santoro A, et al. Clinical safety and activity of pembrolizumab in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (KEYNOTE-028): preliminary results from a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1b trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(5):623–630. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30169-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borcoman E, Le Tourneau C. Keynote-158 study, FDA granted accelerated approval of pembrolizumab for the treatment of patients with advanced PD-L1-positive cervical cancer. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8:1611. doi:10.21037/atm-20-2656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisovsky M, Braun SE, Ge Y, et al. Flt3-ligand production by human bone marrow stromal cells. Leukemia. 1996;10:1012–1018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry KC, Hsu J, Broz ML, et al. A natural killer-dendritic cell axis defines checkpoint therapy-responsive tumor microenvironments. Nat Med. 2018;24:1178–1191. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0085-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anandasabapathy N, Feder R, Mollah S, et al. Classical Flt3Ldependent dendritic cells control immunity to protein vaccine. J Exp Med. 2014;211:1875–1891. doi:10.1084/jem.20131397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durai V, Bagadia P, Briseno CG, et al. Altered compensatory cytokine signaling underlies the discrepancy between Flt3(-/-) and Flt3l (-/-) mice. J Exp Med. 2018;215:1417–1435. doi:10.1084/jem.20171784
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalanxhi E, Meltzer S, Schou JV, et al. Systemic immune response induced by oxaliplatin-based neoadjuvant therapy favors survival without metastatic progression in high-risk rectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2018;118(10):1322–1328. doi:10.1038/s41416-018-0085-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrahamsson H, Jensen BV, Berven LL, et al. Antitumor immunity invoked by hepatic arterial infusion of first-line oxaliplatin predicts durable colorectal cancer control after liver metastasis ablation: 8–12 years of follow-up. Int J Cancer. 2020;146:2019–2026. doi:10.1002/ijc.32847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greystoke A, O’Connor JP, Linton K, et al. Assessment of circulating biomarkers for potential pharmacodynamic utility in patients with lymphoma. Br J Cancer. 2011;104(4):719–725. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6606082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wonder-Filipowicz A, Lyman SD, Gratwohl A, Tichelli A, Speck B, Nissen C. Flt3 ligand level reflects hematopoietic progenitor cell function in aplastic anemia and chemotherapy-induced bone marrow aplasia. Blood. 1996;88(12):4493–4499. doi:10.1182/blood.V88.12.4493.bloodjournal88124493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maraskovsky E, Brasel K, Teepe M, et al. Dramatic increase in the numbers of functionally mature dendritic cells in FLT3 ligand-treated mice: multiple dendritic cell subpopulations identified. J Exp Med. 1996;184:1953–1962. doi:10.1084/jem.184.5.1953
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vivian J, Rao AA, Nothaft FA, et al. Toil enables reproducible, open source, big biomedical data analyses. Nat Biotechnol. 2017;35:314–316. doi:10.1038/nbt.3772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li T, Fu J, Zeng Z, et al. TIMER2.0 for analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48:W509–W514. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang Z, Li C, Kang B, Gao G, Li C, Zhang Z. GEPIA: a web server for cancer and normal gene expression profiling and interactive analyses. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45(W1):W98–W102. doi:10.1093/nar/gkx247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jianfang LIU, Lichtenberg T, Hoadley KA, et al. An integrated TCGA pan-cancer clinical data resource to drive high-quality survival outcome analytics. Cell. 2018;173(2):400–416. e11. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ru B, Wong CN, Tong Y, et al. TISIDB: an integrated repository portal for tumor-immune system interactions. Bioinformatics. 2019;35(20):4200–4202. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btz210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Dong B, Zhang Q, et al. HR-HPV viral load quality detection provide more accurate prediction for residual lesions after treatment: a prospective cohort study in patients with high-grade squamous lesions or worse. Medical Oncology. 2020;37(5):1–9. doi:10.1007/s12032-020-01363-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Dong B, Gao H, et al. HPV-16 E2/E6 and POU5F1B as biomarkers to determine cervical high-grade squamous lesions and more. J Inflamm Res. 2020;13:813–821. doi:10.2147/JIR.S278911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curigliano G. Gyneco-oncological genomics and emerging biomarkers for cancer treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Semin Cancer Biol. 2018;52(Pt 2):253–258. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klauschen F, Müller K-R, Binder A, et al. Scoring of tumor-infifiltrating lymphocytes: from visual estimation to machine learning. Semin Cancer Biol. 2018;52(Pt 2):151–157. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez-Correa B, Campos C, Pera A, et al. Natural killer cell immunosenescence in acute myeloid leukemia patients: new targets for immunotherapeutic strategies? Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2016;65:453–463. doi:10.1007/s00262-015-1720-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montaldo E, Vacca P, Moretta L, Mingari MC. Development of human natural killer cells and other innate lymphoid cells. Semin Immunol. 2014;26:107–113. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2014.01.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michel T, Poli A, Cuapio A, et al. Human CD56bright NK cells: an update. J Immunol. 2016;196:2923–2931. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1502570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein E, Vánky F, Vose BM. Natural killer and tumor recognizing lymphocyte activity in tumor patients. Haematologica. 1978;12:107–112.
   Google Scholar
• Bruno A, Bassani B, D’Urso DG, et al. Angiogenin and the MMP9-TIMP2 axis are up-regulated in proangiogenic, decidual NK-like cells from patients with colorectal cancer. FASEB J. 2018;32:5365–5377. doi:10.1096/fj.201701103R
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poli A, Michel T, Thérésine M, Andrès E, Hentges F, Zimmer J. CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells: an important NK cell subset. Immunology. 2009;126:458–465. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.03027.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayasingam SD, Citartan M, Thang TH, Mat Zin AA, Ang KC, Ch’ng ES. Evaluating the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages into M1 and M2 phenotypes in human cancer tissue: technicalities and challenges in routine clinical practice. Front Oncol. 2019;9:1512. doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.01512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su C, Jia S, Liu H. Immunolocalization of CD163+ tumorassociated macrophages and symmetric proliferation of Ki-67 as biomarkers to differentiate new different grades of laryngeal dysplasia. Am J Clin Pathol. 2017;149(1):8–16. doi:10.1093/ajcp/aqx107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sammarco G, Gadaleta CD, Zuccalà V, et al. Tumor-associated macrophages and mast cells positive to tryptase are correlated with angiogenesis in surgically-treated gastric cancer patients. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang D, Qiu X, Li J, Zheng S, Li L, Zhao H. TGF-β secreted by tumor-associated macrophages promotes proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer via miR-34a-VEGF axis. Cell Cycle. 2018;17(24):2766–2778. doi:10.1080/15384101.2018.1556064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song W, Mazzieri R, Yang T, Lobe GC. Translational significance for tumor metastasis of tumor-associated macrophages and epithelialmesenchymal transition. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1106. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wynn TA, Chawla A, Pollard JW. Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis, and disease. Nature. 2013;496(7446):445–455. doi:10.1038/nature12034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorusso D. Role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cervical cancer: from preclinical to clinical data. Cancers. 2021;13(9):2089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotman J, Otter L, Bleeker M, et al. PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in cervical cancer: regulation and biomarker potential. Front Immunol. 2020;11:11. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar