The Independent Value of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Gouty Arthritis: A Narrative Review

References

• Dalbeth N, Gosling AL, Gaffo A, et al. Gout. Lancet. 2021;397(10287):1843–1855. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00569-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdoch R, Barry MJ, Choi HK, et al. Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN) common language definition of gout. RMD Open. 2021;7(2):e1623. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001623
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James SL, Abate D, Abate KH, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789–1858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safiri S, Kolahi AA, Cross M, et al. Prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability due to gout and its attributable risk factors for 195 countries and territories 1990–2017: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020;72(11):1916–1927. doi:10.1002/art.41404
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xia Y, Wu Q, Wang H, et al. Global, regional and national burden of gout, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Rheumatology. 2020;59(7):1529–1538. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kez476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragab G, Elshahaly M, Bardin T. Gout: an old disease in new perspective – a review. J Adv Res. 2017;8(5):495–511. doi:10.1016/j.jare.2017.04.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang B, Yang M, Wang H. Diagnostic value of ultrasound versus dual-energy computed tomography in patients with different stages of acute gouty arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39(5):1649–1653. doi:10.1007/s10067-020-05014-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudol-Szopinska I, Afonso PD, Jacobson JA, et al. Imaging of gout: findings and pitfalls. A pictorial review. Acta Reumatol Port. 2020;45(1):20–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franco Trepat E, Alonso Pérez A, Guillán Fresco M, et al. Amitriptyline blocks innate immune responses mediated by toll‐like receptor 4 and IL‐1 receptor: preclinical and clinical evidence in osteoarthritis and gout. Br J Pharmacol. 2022;179(2):270–286. doi:10.1111/bph.15707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenski M, Scherer MA. Analysis of synovial inflammatory markers to differ infectious from gouty arthritis. Clin Biochem. 2014;47(1–2):49–55. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.10.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh JA, Gaffo A. Gout epidemiology and comorbidities. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2020;50(3):S11–S16. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.04.008
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang X, Liu J, Sun Y, et al. Chinese herbal compound Huangqin Qingrechubi capsule reduces lipid metabolism disorder and inflammatory response in gouty arthritis via the LncRNA H19/APN/PI3K/AKT cascade. Pharm Biol. 2023;61(1):541–555. doi:10.1080/13880209.2023.2191641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Zhao Y, Phipps Green A, et al. Differential DNA methylation of networked signaling, transcriptional, innate and adaptive immunity, and osteoclastogenesis genes and pathways in gout. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020;72(5):802–814. doi:10.1002/art.41173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song S, Lou Y, Mao Y, et al. Alteration of gut microbiome and correlated amino acid metabolism contribute to hyperuricemia and Th17-driven inflammation in Uox-KO mice. Front Immunol. 2022;13:804306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klück V, Liu R, Joosten LAB. The role of interleukin-1 family members in hyperuricemia and gout. Joint Bone Spine. 2021;88(2):105092. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.105092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng Y, Wang Y, Wang X, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in depression: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:893097. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.893097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim A, Kim Y, Kim G, et al. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as potential makers for digital ulcers and interstitial lung disease in patients with systemic sclerosis: cross-sectional analysis of data from a prospective cohort study. Rheumatol Int. 2020;40(7):1071–1079. doi:10.1007/s00296-020-04604-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enginar AU, Kacar C. Neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte rate and their seasonal differences in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis patients using anti-TNF medication. Bratislava Med J. 2019;120(08):586–592. doi:10.4149/BLL_2019_096
   Google Scholar
• Daghor Abbaci K, Ait Hamadouche N, Otmani F, et al. Validation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a new simple biomarker of adult onset Still’s disease: a STROBE-Compliant prospective observational study. Medicine. 2022;101(32):e29970. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000029970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho J, Liang S, Lim S, et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio reflect disease activity and flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus - A prospective study. Joint Bone Spine. 2022;89(4):105342. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2022.105342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadiyoran C, Zengin O, Cizmecioglu HA, et al. Monocyte to lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and red cell distribution width are the associates with gouty arthritis. Acta Medica. 2019;62(3):99–104. doi:10.14712/18059694.2019.132
   Google Scholar
• Qiu X, Shi Z, Tong F, et al. Biomarkers for predicting tumor response to PD-1 inhibitors in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023;19(1). doi:10.1080/21645515.2023.2178791
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kissling M, Fritschi N, Baumann P, et al. Monocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil ratios – easy-to-use biomarkers for the diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2023;42(6):520–527. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000003901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forget P, Khalifa C, Defour J, et al. What is the normal value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio? BMC Res Notes. 2017;10(1). doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2335-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Simonaggio A, Elaidi R, Fournier L, et al. Variation in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as predictor of outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients treated with nivolumab. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2020;69(12):2513–2522. doi:10.1007/s00262-020-02637-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balin ŞÖ, Tartar AS, Akbulut A. The predictive role of haematological parameters in the diagnosis of osteoarticular brucellosis. Afr Health Sci. 2018;18(4):988–994. doi:10.4314/ahs.v18i4.19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kc SR, Shrestha S, Kc G, et al. Complete blood count parameters in arthritis. Nepal Med College J. 2020;22(3):99–105. doi:10.3126/nmcj.v22i3.32621
   Google Scholar
• Toya K, Tomimaru Y, Kobayashi S, et al. Preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio predicts healing time for postoperative pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy. AnnGastroenterol Surg. 2022;6(1):169–175. doi:10.1002/ags3.12510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowlati E, Mualem W, Carpenter A, et al. Early fevers and elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are associated with repeat endovascular interventions for cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2022;36(3):916–926. doi:10.1007/s12028-021-01399-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L, Zhang H, Feng G. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts in-hospital mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2022;31(8):106611. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiao J, Huang J, Chen X, et al. Albumin to Globulin ratio, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio, and Globulin levels do not outperform ESR or CRP when diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1). doi:10.1186/s12891-022-05357-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korkmaz M, Korkmaz H, Küçüker F, et al. Evaluation of the association of sleep apnea-related systemic inflammation with CRP, ESR, and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio. Med Sci Monit. 2015;21:477–481. doi:10.12659/MSM.893175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balkarli A, Dogru A, Ugan Y, et al. Neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume in patients with gout. Ann Clin Anal Med. 2017;8(2):138–141.
   Google Scholar
• Şahin A, Uslu AU, Seven D, et al. Evaluation of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio in gouty arthritis attacks. West Indian Med J. 2015. doi:10.7727/wimj.2015.345
   Google Scholar
• Wu H, Zhou H, Chen P. Correlation of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) with gout activity: a monocentric and retrospective study. Medicine. 2022;101(35):e30242. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000030242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu K, Deng G, Zhang L, et al. Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with renal impairment among patients with acute gouty arthritis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2022;54(11):2995–3000. doi:10.1007/s11255-022-03239-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maden M. Development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular mortality in gouty arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients: are they associated with mean platelet volume and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio? A Comparative Study. Archiv Rheumatol. 2017;32(1):39–45. doi:10.5606/ArchRheumatol.2017.6033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai R, Parekh T, Goyal H, et al. Impact of gout on in-hospital outcomes of acute coronary syndrome-related hospitalizations and revascularizations: insights from the national inpatient sample. World J Cardiol. 2019;11(5):137–148. doi:10.4330/wjc.v11.i5.137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vedder D, Gerritsen M, Nurmohamed MT, et al. A neutrophil signature is strongly associated with increased cardiovascular risk in gout. Rheumatology. 2021;60(6):2783–2790. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa712
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao R, Wang Y, Fu T, et al. Gout and risk of diabetes mellitus: meta-analysis of observational studies. Psychol Health Med. 2020;25(8):917–930. doi:10.1080/13548506.2019.1707241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mei Y, Dong B, Geng Z, et al. Excess uric acid induces gouty nephropathy through crystal formation: a review of recent insights. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:911968. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.911968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sansone A, Reisman Y, Jannini EA. Relationship between hyperuricemia with deposition and sexual dysfunction in males and females. J Endocrinol Invest. 2022;45(4):691–703. doi:10.1007/s40618-021-01719-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ao J, Goldblatt F, Casson RJ. Review of the ophthalmic manifestations of gout and uric acid crystal deposition. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2017;45(1):73–80. doi:10.1111/ceo.12749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swierczak A, Mouchemore KA, Hamilton JA, et al. Neutrophils: important contributors to tumor progression and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2015;34(4):735–751. doi:10.1007/s10555-015-9594-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin B, Du L, Li H, et al. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: warriors fight against tumors powerfully. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;132:110873. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cecchi I, Arias De La Rosa I, Menegatti E, et al. Neutrophils: novel key players in rheumatoid arthritis. Current and future therapeutic targets. Autoimmun Rev. 2018;17(11):1138–1149. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2018.06.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu X. Innate Lymphocytes in Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Immunol. 2020;11. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.565275
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buonacera A, Stancanelli B, Colaci M, et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio: an emerging marker of the relationships between the immune system and diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(7):3636. doi:10.3390/ijms23073636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jameson J, Ugarte K, Chen N, et al. A role for skin γδ T cells in wound repair. Science. 2002;296(5568):747–749. doi:10.1126/science.1069639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnevale S, Di Ceglie I, Grieco G, et al. Neutrophil diversity in inflammation and cancer. Front Immunol. 2023;14. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180810
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinon F, Pétrilli V, Mayor A, et al. Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome. Nature. 2006;440(7081):237–241. doi:10.1038/nature04516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• So AK, Martinon F. Inflammation in gout: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13(11):639–647. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2017.155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu M, Tian Y, Wang Q, et al. Gout: a disease involved with complicated immunoinflammatory responses: a narrative review. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39(10):2849–2859. doi:10.1007/s10067-020-05090-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitroulis I, Kambas K, Ritis K. Neutrophils, IL-1β, and gout: is there a link? Semin Immunopathol. 2013;35(4):501–512. doi:10.1007/s00281-013-0361-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin WJ, Harper JL. Innate inflammation and resolution in acute gout. Immunol Cell Biol. 2010;88(1):15–19. doi:10.1038/icb.2009.89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chhana A, Pool B, Wei Y, et al. Human cartilage homogenates influence the crystallization of monosodium urate and inflammatory response to monosodium urate crystals: a potential link between osteoarthritis and gout. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(12):2090–2099. doi:10.1002/art.41038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renaudin F, Sarda S, Campillo-Gimenez L, et al. Adsorption of proteins on m-CPPD and urate crystals inhibits crystal-induced cell responses: study on albumin-crystal interaction. J Funct Biomater. 2019;10(2):18. doi:10.3390/jfb10020018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terkeltaub R, Tenner AJ, Kozin F, et al. Plasma protein binding by monosodium urate crystals. Analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Arthritis Rheum. 1983;26(6):775–783. doi:10.1002/art.1780260612
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu H, Zhang B, Chen Y, et al. Type II collagen facilitates gouty arthritis by regulating MSU crystallisation and inflammatory cell recruitment. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82(3):416–427. doi:10.1136/ard-2022-222764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terkeltaub R, Curtiss LK, Tenner AJ, et al. Lipoproteins containing apoprotein B are a major regulator of neutrophil responses to monosodium urate crystals. J Clin Invest. 1984;73(6):1719–1730. doi:10.1172/JCI111380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberts A, Klingberg A, Hoffmeister L, et al. Binding of macrophage receptor MARCO, LDL, and LDLR to disease-associated crystalline structures. Front Immunol. 2020;11. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.596103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nature. The integrative human microbiome project. Nature. 2019;569(7758):641–648. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1238-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickard JM, Zeng MY, Caruso R, et al. Gut microbiota: role in pathogen colonization, immune responses, and inflammatory disease. Immunol Rev. 2017;279(1):70–89. doi:10.1111/imr.12567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thriene K, Michels KB. Human gut microbiota plasticity throughout the life course. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(2):1463. doi:10.3390/ijerph20021463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Chen Y, Zhong H, et al. The gut microbiota as a target to control hyperuricemia pathogenesis: potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(14):3979–3989. doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1874287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu Y, Sun S, Huang Y, et al. Metagenomic analysis revealed the potential role of gut microbiome in gout. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2021;7(1):66. doi:10.1038/s41522-021-00235-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Li Y, Liao W, et al. Gut microbiota remodeling: a promising therapeutic strategy to confront hyperuricemia and gout. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:935723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Pei C, Chen Y, et al. Kidney tea ameliorates hyperuricemia in mice via altering gut microbiota and restoring metabolic profile. Chem Biol Interact. 2023;376:110449. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karmarkar D, Rock KL. Microbiota signalling through MyD88 is necessary for a systemic neutrophilic inflammatory response. Immunology. 2013;140(4):483–492. doi:10.1111/imm.12159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schluter J, Peled JU, Taylor BP, et al. The gut microbiota is associated with immune cell dynamics in humans. Nature. 2020;588(7837):303–307. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2971-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim M, Qie Y, Park J, et al. Gut microbial metabolites fuel host antibody responses. Cell Host Microbe. 2016;20(2):202–214. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2016.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vieira AT, Galvão I, Macia LM, et al. Dietary fiber and the short-chain fatty acid acetate promote resolution of neutrophilic inflammation in a model of gout in mice. J Leukoc Biol. 2017;101(1):275–284. doi:10.1189/jlb.3A1015-453RRR
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Li H, Wang R, et al. Protective effect of sodium butyrate on intestinal barrier damage and uric acid reduction in hyperuricemia mice. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023;161:114568. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Gonzalez E, Gamberucci A, Lucherini O, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps release in gout and pseudogout depends on the number of crystals regardless of leukocyte count. Rheumatology. 2021;60(10):4920–4928. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keab087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Euler M, Hoffmann MH. The double-edged role of neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammation. Biochem Soc Trans. 2019;47(6):1921–1930. doi:10.1042/BST20190629
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tatsiy O, Mayer TZ, de Carvalho Oliveira V, et al. Cytokine production and NET formation by monosodium urate-activated human neutrophils involves early and late events, and requires upstream TAK1 and Syk. Front Immunol. 2020;10. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang H, Tan C, Cao X, et al. NFIL3 facilitates neutrophil autophagy, neutrophil extracellular trap formation and inflammation during gout via REDD1-dependent mTOR inactivation. Front Med. 2021;8. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.692781
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar