A review of cutaneous lupus erythematosus: improving outcomes with a multidisciplinary approach

References

• Petri M, Orbai AM, Alarcon GS, et al. Derivation and validation of the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(8):2677–2686. doi:10.1002/art.3447322553077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, et al. The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1982;25(11):1271–1277.7138600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durosaro O, Davis MD, Reed KB, Rohlinger AL. Incidence of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 1965–2005: a population-based study. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145(3):249–253. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2009.2119289752
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jarrett P, Thornley S, Scragg R. Ethnic differences in the epidemiology of cutaneous lupus erythematosus in New Zealand. Lupus. 2016;25(13):1497–1502. doi:10.1177/096120331665174527235700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Population Profile. Available from: https://countiesmanukau.health.nz/about-us/our-region/population-profile/. Accessed 1221, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Gronhagen CM, Fored CM, Granath F, Nyberg F. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus and the association with systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based cohort of 1088 patients in Sweden. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164(6):1335–1341. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10272.x21574972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deligny C, Clyti E, Sainte-Marie D, et al. Incidence of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus in French Guiana: a retrospective population-based study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010;62(2):279–282. doi:10.1002/acr.2007920191529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popovic K, Nyberg F, Wahren-Herlenius M, Nyberg F. A serology-based approach combined with clinical examination of 125 Ro/SSA-positive patients to define incidence and prevalence of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(1):255–264. doi:10.1002/art.2228617195229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danchenko N, Satia JA, Anthony MS. Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison of worldwide disease burden. Lupus. 2006;15(5):308–318. doi:10.1191/0961203306lu2305xx16761508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stojan G, Petri M. Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: an update. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2018;30(2):144–150. doi:10.1097/BOR.000000000000048029251660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serdula MK, Rhoads GG. Frequency of systemic lupus erythematosus in different ethnic groups in Hawaii. Arthritis Rheum. 1979;22(4):328–333.426879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart HH, Grigor RR, Caughey DE. Ethnic difference in the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 1983;42(5):529–532.6625702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callen JP. Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clinical, laboratory, therapeutic, and prognostic examination of 62 patients. Arch Dermatol. 1982;118(6):412–416.7092253
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sontheimer RD, Thomas JR, Gilliam JN. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a cutaneous marker for a distinct lupus erythematosus subset. Arch Dermatol. 1979;115(12):1409–1415.533284
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deng JS, Sontheimer RD, Gilliam JN. Relationships between antinuclear and anti-Ro/SS-A antibodies in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1984;11(3):494–499.6384294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiao J, Feng R, Carr K, Okawa J, Werth VP. Using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria to determine the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(5):862–869. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.12.02926897388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baltaci M, Fritsch P. Histologic features of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev. 2009;8(6):467–473. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2008.12.01419162243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Refu K, Edward S, Ingham E, Goodfield M. Expression of hair follicle stem cells detected by cytokeratin 15 stain: implications for pathogenesis of the scarring process in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol. 2009;160(6):1188–1196. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09074.x19298282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Refu K, Goodfield M. Immunohistochemistry of ultrastructural changes in scarring lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2011;36(1):63–68. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03859.x20637030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmann P, Holzle E, Kind P, Goerz G, Plewig G. Experimental reproduction of skin lesions in lupus erythematosus by UVA and UVB radiation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;22(2 Pt 1):181–187.2179293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Quinn AM, Wolin SL. Ro ribonucleoproteins contribute to the resistance of Deinococcus radiodurans to ultraviolet irradiation. Genes Dev. 2000;14(7):777–782.10766734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha AA, Dey-Rao R. Genomic investigation of lupus in the skin. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2017;18(2):S75–S80. doi:10.1016/j.jisp.2016.09.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jarvinen TM, Hellquist A, Koskenmies S, et al. Polymorphisms of the ITGAM gene confer higher risk of discoid cutaneous than of systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One. 2010;5(12):e14212. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.001421221151989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvinen TM, Hellquist A, Koskenmies S, et al. Tyrosine kinase 2 and interferon regulatory factor 5 polymorphisms are associated with discoid and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Exp Dermatol. 2010;19(2):123–131. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00982.x19758313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascual V, Farkas L, Banchereau J. Systemic lupus erythematosus: all roads lead to type I interferons. Curr Opin Immunol. 2006;18(6):676–682. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2006.09.01417011763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farkas L, Beiske K, Lund-Johansen F, Brandtzaeg P, Jahnsen FL. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (natural interferon- alpha/beta-producing cells) accumulate in cutaneous lupus erythematosus lesions. Am J Pathol. 2001;159(1):237–243.11438470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermi W, Lonardi S, Morassi M, et al. Cutaneous distribution of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in lupus erythematosus. Selective tropism at the site of epithelial apoptotic damage. Immunobiology. 2009;214(9–10):877–886. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2009.06.01319625100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braunstein I, Klein R, Okawa J, Werth VP. The interferon-regulated gene signature is elevated in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and discoid lupus erythematosus and correlates with the cutaneous lupus area and severity index score. Br J Dermatol. 2012;166(5):971–975. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10825.x22242767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitamin D Status of New Zealand Adults. Findings from the 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey. 14 3 2012. ed2012. doi:10.1094/PDIS-11-11-0999-PDN
   Google Scholar
• Singh A, Kamen DL. Potential benefits of vitamin D for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4(2):146–151. doi:10.4161/derm.2044322928070
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cusack C, Danby C, Fallon JC, et al. Photoprotective behaviour and sunscreen use: impact on vitamin D levels in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2008;24(5):260–267. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2008.00373.x18811868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renne J, Werfel T, Wittmann M. High frequency of vitamin D deficiency among patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159(2):485–486. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08632.x18503598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heine G, Lahl A, Muller C, Worm M. Vitamin D deficiency in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus is prevalent throughout the year. Br J Dermatol. 2010;163(4):863–865. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09948.x20662833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutillas-Marco E, Morales-Suarez-Varela M, Marquina-Vila A, Serum GW. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a Mediterranean region. Lupus. 2010;19(7):810–814. doi:10.1177/096120330936080720305048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Word AP, Perese F, Tseng LC, Adams-Huet B, Olsen NJ, Chong BF. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels in African-American and Caucasian/Hispanic subjects with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol. 2012;166(2):372–379. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10667.x21966891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gronhagen CM, Tang MB, Tan VW, Tan KW, Lim YL. Vitamin D levels in 87 Asian patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a case-control study. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2016;41(7):723–729. doi:10.1111/ced.1288427480455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albrecht J, Taylor L, Berlin JA, et al. The CLASI (Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index): an outcome instrument for cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;125(5):889–894. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23889.x16297185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutillas-Marco E, Marquina-Vila A, Grant WB, Vilata-Corell JJ, Morales-Suarez-Varela MM. Vitamin D and cutaneous lupus erythematosus: effect of vitamin D replacement on disease severity. Lupus. 2014;23(7):615–623. doi:10.1177/096120331452233824503020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurinaviciene R, Sandholdt LH, Bygum A. Drug-induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus: 88 new cases. Eur J Dermatol. 2017;27(1):28–33. doi:10.1684/ejd.2016.291227799135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gronhagen CM, Fored CM, Linder M, Granath F, Nyberg F. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and its association with drugs: a population-based matched case-control study of 234 patients in Sweden. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(2):296–305. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10969.x22458771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vedove CD, Del Giglio M, Schena D, Girolomoni G. Drug-induced lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol Res. 2009;301(1):99–105. doi:10.1007/s00403-008-0895-518797892
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He Y, Sawalha AH. Drug-induced lupus erythematosus: an update on drugs and mechanisms. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2018;30(5):490–497. doi:10.1097/BOR.000000000000052229870500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn A, Aberer E, Bata-Csorgo Z, et al. S2k guideline for treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus - guided by the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) in cooperation with the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31(3):389–404. doi:10.1111/jdv.1405327859683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen P, Broadbent E, Coomarasamy C, Jarrett P. Illness perception in association with psychological functioning in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol. 2015;173(3):824–826. doi:10.1111/bjd.1370925639859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon H, Chandran A, Vandal AC, Yung A, Jarrett P. The relationship between disease severity and quality of life in discoid lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol. 2017;177(4):1134–1135. doi:10.1111/bjd.1522727943235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finlay AY, Khan GK. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)–a simple practical measure for routine clinical use. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1994;19(3):210–216.8033378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teske NM, Cardon ZE, Ogunsanya ME, Li X, Adams-Huet B, Chong BF. Predictors of low quality of life in patients with discoid lupus. Br J Dermatol. 2017;177(4):e147–e149. doi:10.1111/bjd.1549028338221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang SY, Bernstein I, Lin DQ, Chong BF. Photoprotective habits of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;68(6):944–951. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2012.11.01623360867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diffey BL, Cheeseman J. Sun protection with hats. Br J Dermatol. 1992;127(1):10–12.1637687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long CC, Finlay AY. The finger-tip unit–a new practical measure. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1991;16(6):444–447.1806320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bockle BC, Sepp NT. Smoking is highly associated with discoid lupus erythematosus and lupus erythematosus tumidus: analysis of 405 patients. Lupus. 2015;24(7):669–674. doi:10.1177/096120331455963025411260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piette EW, Foering KP, Chang AY, et al. Impact of smoking in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol. 2012;148(3):317–322. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2011.34222105815
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuhn A, Sigges J, Biazar C, et al. Influence of smoking on disease severity and antimalarial therapy in cutaneous lupus erythematosus: analysis of 1002 patients from the EUSCLE database. Br J Dermatol. 2014;171(3):571–579. doi:10.1111/bjd.1300624673427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chasset F, Frances C, Barete S, Amoura Z, Arnaud L. Influence of smoking on the efficacy of antimalarials in cutaneous lupus: a meta-analysis of the literature. [Erratum appears in J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Aug;73(2):353] J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;72(4):634–639. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.12.02525648824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwatra SG. Toll-like receptor-9 signaling and decreased efficacy of antimalarial drugs in smokers with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(2):e79. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.04.06826184008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chasset F, Frances C, Arnaud L. Smoking enhances Toll-like receptor-9 responsiveness and type I interferon production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(2):e81. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.05.02326184009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang J, Werth VP. Therapeutic options for cutaneous lupus erythematosus: recent advances and future prospects. Expert Rev. 2016;12(10):1109–1121.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn A, Ochsendorf F, Bonsmann G. Treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2010;19(9):1125–1136. doi:10.1177/096120331037034520693207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen CB, Dahle KW. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Dermatol Ther. 2012;25(2):99–111. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2012.01508.x22741931
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roenigk HH Jr., Martin JS, Eichorn P, Gilliam JN. Discoid lupus erythematosus. Diagnostic features and evaluation of topical corticosteroid therapy. Cutis. 1980;25(3):281–285.6987043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzung TY, Liu YS, Chang HW. Tacrolimus vs. clobetasol propionate in the treatment of facial cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a randomized, double-blind, bilateral comparison study. Br J Dermatol. 2007;156(1):191–192. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07595.x17199600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avgerinou G, Papafragkaki DK, Nasiopoulou A, Arapaki A, Katsambas A, Stavropoulos PG. Effectiveness of topical calcineurin inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with hydroxychloroquine in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012;26(6):762–767. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04161.x21707772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seiger E, Roland S, Goldman S. Cutaneous lupus treated with topical tretinoin: a case report. Cutis. 1991;47(5):351–355.2070657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards KR, Burke WA. Treatment of localized discoid lupus erythematosus with tazarotene. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;41(6):1049–1050.10570404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gul U, Gonul M, Cakmak SK, Kilic A, Demiriz M. A case of generalized discoid lupus erythematosus: successful treatment with imiquimod cream 5%. Adv Ther. 2006;23(5):787–792.17142214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett TJ, English JC 3rd, Ferris LK. Development of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus associated with the use of imiquimod to treat actinic keratoses. J Drugs Dermatol. 2010;9(8):1022–1024.20684157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jimenez-Gallo D, Brandao BJF, Arjona-Aguilera C, Baez-Perea JM, Linares-Barrios M. Imiquimod-induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus with antinuclear antibodies showing a homogenous pattern. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2017;42(7):795–797. doi:10.1111/ced.1317428616880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maguiness SM, Farsani TT, Zedek DC, Berger TG. Imiquimod-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus-like changes. Cutis. 2015;95(6):349–351.26125212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jemec GB, Ullman S, Goodfield M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of R-salbutamol for topical treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol. 2009;161(6):1365–1370. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09330.x19681862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wulf HC, Ullman S. Discoid and subacute lupus erythematosus treated with 0.5% R-salbutamol cream. Arch Dermatol. 2007;143(12):1589–1590. doi:10.1001/archderm.143.12.158918087017
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Genereau T, Chosidow O, Danel C, Cherin P, Herson S. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol. 1999;135(9):1124–1125.10490126
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goodfield M, Davison K, Bowden K. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) for therapy-resistant cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE). J Dermatolog Treat. 2004;15(1):46–50. doi:10.1080/0954144004200026914754650
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kreuter A, Hyun J, Altmeyer P, Gambichler T. Intravenous immunoglobulin for recalcitrant subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Acta Derm Venereol. 2005;85(6):545–547. doi:10.1080/0001555051003707116396813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lampropoulos CE, Hughes GR, Dc DP. Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of resistant subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a possible alternative. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26(6):981–983. doi:10.1007/s10067-006-0222-516670831
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juhasz M, Rogge M, Chen M, Czernik A, Jung Kim S, Geller L. Case of pediatric bullous systemic lupus erythematosus treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. Pediatr Dermatol. 2017;34(1):e54–e56. doi:10.1111/pde.1301527778386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Presto JK, Hejazi EZ, Werth VP. Biological therapies in the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2017;26(2):115–118. doi:10.1177/096120331667073127687023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath H Jr., Bak E, Michalski JP. Ultraviolet-A light prolongs survival and improves immune function in (New Zealand black x New Zealand white)F1 hybrid mice. Arthritis Rheum. 1987;30(5):557–561.3593437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitra A, Yung A, Goulden V, Goodfield MD. A trial of low-dose UVA1 phototherapy for two patients with recalcitrant discoid lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2006;31(2):299–300. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.02030.x16487126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erceg A, Bovenschen HJ, van de Kerkhof PC, de Jong EM, Seyger MM. Efficacy and safety of pulsed dye laser treatment for cutaneous discoid lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60(4):626–632. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2008.11.90419293010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta G, Roberts DT. Pulsed dye laser treatment of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1999;24(6):498–499.10681174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Truchuelo MT, Boixeda P, Alcantara J, Moreno C, de Las Heras E, Olasolo PJ. Pulsed dye laser as an excellent choice of treatment for lupus tumidus: a prospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012;26(10):1272–1279. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04281.x21957901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yelamos O, Roe E, Baselga E, Puig L. Pediatric cutaneous lupus erythematosus treated with pulsed dye laser. Pediatr Dermatol. 2014;31(1):113–115. doi:10.1111/pde.1224824224569
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Molin L, Tarstedt M. Discoid lupus erythematosus treated with cryotherapy. J Dermatolog Treat. 2003;14(3):182–183.14522630
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Casciola-Rosen LA, Anhalt G, Rosen A. Autoantigens targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus are clustered in two populations of surface structures on apoptotic keratinocytes. J Exp Med 1994;179(4):1317–1330. doi:10.1084/jem.179.4.1317
   Google Scholar
• Reich A, Meurer M, Viehweg A, Muller DJ. Narrow-band UVB-induced Externalization of Selected Nuclear Antigens in Keratinocytes: Implications for Lupus Erythematosus Pathogenesis. Photochem Photobiol. 2009;85(1):1–7 doi:10.1111/php.2009.85.issue-119076311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar