Compliance, adherence, concordance, empowerment, and self-management: five words to manifest a relational maladjustment in diabetes

References

• Boccuzzi SJ, Wogen J, Fox J, Sung JC, Shah AB, Kim J. Utilization of oral hypoglycemic agents in a drug-insured US population. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(8):1411–1415.
   Google Scholar
• Norris SL, Engelgau MM, Narayan KV. Effectiveness of self-management training in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(3):561–587.11289485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadsby R. Epidemiology of diabetes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2002;54(9):1165–1172.12393299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michie S, Miles J, Weinman J. Patient-centredness in chronic illness: what is it and does it matter? Patient Educ Couns. 2003;51(3):197–206.14630376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugh MJ, Anderson J, Pogach LM, Berlowitz DR. Differential adoption of pharmacotherapy recommendations for type 2 diabetes by generalists and specialists. Med Care Res Rev. 2003;60(2):178–200. doi:10.1177/107755870306000200312800683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adolfsson ET, Smide B, Gregeby E, Fernström L, Wikblad K. Implementing empowerment group education in diabetes. Patient Educ Couns. 2004;53(3):319–324. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2003.07.00915186870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odegard PS, Capoccia K. Medication taking and diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2007;33(6):1014–1029. doi:10.1177/014572170730840718057270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullen PD. Compliance becomes concordance. BMJ. 1997;314(7082):691. doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7082.6919116538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown SA. Interventions to promote diabetes self-management: state of the science. Diabetes Educ. 1999;25(6_suppl):52–61. doi:10.1177/01457217990250062310711085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiharto S, Stephenson M, Hsu YY, Fajriyah NN. Diabetes self-management education training for community health center nurses in Indonesia: a best practice implementation project. BI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2017;15(9):2390–2397. doi:10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003329
   Google Scholar
• Lutfey KE, Wishner WJ. Beyond” compliance” is” adherence”. Improving the prospect of diabetes care. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(4):635–639.10189544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNabb WL. Adherence in diabetes: can we define it and can we measure it? Diabetes Care. 1997;20(2):215. doi:10.2337/diacare.20.2.2159118777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilson HH. Adherence or compliance? Changes in terminology. Ann Pharmacother. 2004;38(1):161–162. doi:10.1345/aph.1D20714742813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS, Ramasamy J. Role of self-care in management of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2013;12(1):14. doi:10.1186/2251-6581-12-1423497559
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jung CG. The Collected Works of CG Jung: Complete Digital Edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes E, McCahon C, Panahi MR, Hamre T, Pohlman K. Alliance not compliance: coaching strategies to improve type 2 diabetes outcomes. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2008;20(3):155–162. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2007.00297.x18336692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aronson JK. Compliance, concordance, adherence. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(4):383–384. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02893.x17378797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey CJ, Kodack M. Patient adherence to medication requirements for therapy of type 2 diabetes. Int J Clin Pract. 2011;65(3):314–322. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02544.x21314869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bangalore S, Kamalakkannan G, Parkar S, Messerli FH. Fixed-dose combinations improve medication compliance: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2007;120(8):713–719. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.08.03317679131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell JS, Airaksinen MS, Lyles A, Chen TF, Aslani P. Concordance is not synonymous with compliance or adherence. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;64(5):710–711. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02971_1.x17875196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bissell P, May CR, Noyce PR. From compliance to concordance: barriers to accomplishing a re-framed model of health care interactions. Soc Sci Med. 2004;58(4):851–862.14672598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bissonnette JM. Adherence: a concept analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2008;63(6):634–643. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04745.x18808585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodenheimer T, Lorig K, Holman H, Grumbach K. Patient self-management of chronic disease in primary care. JAMA. 2002;288(19):2469–2475.12435261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bott U, Bott S, Hemmann D, Berger M. Evaluation of a holistic treatment and teaching programme for patients with Type 1 diabetes who failed to achieve their therapeutic goals under intensified insulin therapy. Diabet Med. 2000;17(9):635–643.11051282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruni ML, Nobilio L, Ugolini C. Economic incentives in general practice: the impact of pay-for-participation and pay-for-compliance programs on diabetes care. Health Policy. 2009;90(2–3):140–148. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.09.00818992955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunton S. I have never liked the term “compliance”. Clin Diabetes. 2017;35(2):76–77. doi:10.2337/cd17-001028442820
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burge MR. Lack of compliance with home blood glucose monitoring predicts hospitalization in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(8):1502–1503.11473098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buse JB, Caprio S, Cefalu WT, et al. How do we define cure of diabetes? Diabetes Care. 2009;32(11):2133–2135. doi:10.2337/dc09-903619875608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan YM, Molassiotis A. The relationship between diabetes knowledge and compliance among Chinese with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Hong Kong. J Adv Nurs. 1999;30(2):431–438.10457246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charpentier G, Fleury F, Dubroca I, Vaur L, Clerson P. Electronic pill-boxes in the evaluation of oral hypoglycemic agent compliance. Diabetes Metab. 2005;31(2):189–195.15959425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatterjee JS. From compliance to concordance in diabetes. J Med Ethics. 2006;32(9):507–510. doi:10.1136/jme.2005.01213816943329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciechanowski PS, Katon WJ, Russo JE. Depression and diabetes: impact of depressive symptoms on adherence, function, and costs. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(21):3278–3285.11088090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claxton AJ, Cramer J, Pierce C. A systematic review of the associations between dose regimens and medication compliance. Clin Ther. 2001;23(8):1296–1310.11558866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor J, Rafter N, Rodgers A. Do fixed-dose combination pills or unit-of-use packaging improve adherence? A systematic review. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82:935–939.15654408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramer JA. A systematic review of adherence with medications for diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(5):1218–1224.15111553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramer JA, Okikawa J, Bellaire S, Clauson P. Compliance with inhaled insulin treatment using the AERx® iDMS insulin diabetes management system. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2004;6(6):800–807. doi:10.1089/dia.2004.6.80015684632
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cramer J, Okikawa J, Clauson P. Compliance with inhaled insulin treatment using AERx® iDMS insulin diabetes management system. Diabetes. 2003;52:A103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cyrino AP, Schraiber LB, Teixeira RR. Education for type 2 diabetes mellitus self-care: from compliance to empowerment. Interface (Botucatu). 2009;13(30):93–106. doi:10.1590/S1414-32832009000300009
   Google Scholar
• Dailey G, Kim MS, Lian JF. Patient compliance and persistence with antihyperglycemic drug regimens: evaluation of a medicaid patient population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther. 2001;23(8):1311–1320.11558867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dailey G, Kim MS, Lian JF. Patient compliance and persistence with anti-hyperglycemic therapy: evaluation of a population of type 2 diabetic patients. J Int Med Res. 2002;30(1):71–79. doi:10.1177/14732300020300011111921502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De las Cuevas C. Towards a clarification of terminology in medicine taking behavior: compliance, adherence and concordance are related although different terms with different uses. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2011;6(2):74–77.21592067
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Delamater AM. Improving patient adherence. Clin Diabetes. 2006;24(2):71–77. doi:10.2337/diaclin.24.2.71
   Google Scholar
• Donnan PT, MacDonald TM, Morris AD. Adherence to prescribed oral hypoglycaemic medication in a population of patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. Diabet Med. 2002;19(4):279–284.11942998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fielding D, Duff A. Compliance with treatment protocols: interventions for children with chronic illness. Arch Dis Child. 1999;80(2):196–200.10325743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funnell MM, Anderson RM. The problem with compliance in diabetes. JAMA. 2000;284(13):1709. doi:10.1001/jama.284.13.1709-JMS1004-6-111015809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funnell MM, Anderson RM. Empowerment and self-management of diabetes. Clin Diabetes. 2004;22(3):123–127. doi:10.2337/diaclin.22.3.123
   Google Scholar
• García-Pérez LE, Álvarez M, Dilla T, Gil-Guillén V, Orozco-Beltrán D. Adherence to therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2013;4(2):175–194. doi:10.1007/s13300-013-0034-y23990497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gedawy A, Martinez J, Al-Salami H, Dass CR. Oral insulin delivery: existing barriers and current counter-strategies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2018;70(2):197–213. doi:10.1111/jphp.1285229193053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glasgow RE, Anderson RM. In diabetes care, moving from compliance to adherence is not enough. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(12):2090. doi:10.2337/diacare.22.12.209010587854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant RW, Devita NG, Singer DE, Meigs JB. Polypharmacy and medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(5):1408–1412.12716797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillausseau PJ. Influence of oral antidiabetic drugs compliance on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes. A survey in general practice. Diabetes & Metab. 2003;29(1):79–81. doi:10.1016/S1262-3636(07)70011-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillausseau PJ. Impact of compliance with oral antihyperglycemic agents on health outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Treat Endocrinol. 2005;4(3):167–175.15898822
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harris MI. Health care and health status and outcomes for patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(6):754–758.10840991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helme DW, Harrington NG. Patient accounts for noncompliance with diabetes self-care regimens and physician compliance-gaining response. Patient Educ Couns. 2004;55(2):281–292. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2003.10.00415530766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henshaw L. Empowerment, diabetes and the national service framework: a systematic review. J Diabetes Nurs. 2006;10(4):128.
   Google Scholar
• Howorka K, Pumprla J, Wagner-Nosiska D, Grillmayr H, Schlusche C, Schabmann A. Empowering diabetes out-patients with structured education:: short-term and long-term effects of functional insulin treatment on perceived control over diabetes. J Psychosom Res. 2000;48(1):37–44.10750628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim NK, Attia SG, Sallam SA, Fetohy EM, El-Sewi F. Physicians’ therapeutic practice and compliance of diabetic patients attending rural primary health care units in Alexandria. J Family Community Med. 2010;17(3):121. doi:10.4103/1319-1683.7432521359022
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ingersoll KS, Cohen J. The impact of medication regimen factors on adherence to chronic treatment: a review of literature. J Behav Med. 2008;31(3):213–224. doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9147-y18202907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Istepanian RS, Sungoor A, Earle KA. Technical and compliance considerations for mobile health self-monitoring of glucose and blood pressure for patients with diabetes. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009;2009:5130–5133.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen ML, Jørgensen ME, Hansen EH, Aagaard L, Carstensen B. Long-term patterns of adherence to medication therapy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Denmark: the importance of initiation. PLoS One. 2017;12(6):e0179546. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.017954628665996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kardas P. The DIACOM study (effect of DosIng frequency of oral Antidiabetic agents on the COMpliance and biochemical control of type 2 diabetes). Diabetes Obes Metab. 2005;7(6):722–728. doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2004.00462.x16219016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keers JC, Blaauwwiekel EE, Hania M, et al. Diabetes rehabilitation: development and first results of a Multidisciplinary Intensive Education Program for patients with prolonged self-management difficulties. Patient Educ Couns. 2004;52(2):151–157.15132519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy-Martin T, Boye KS, Peng X. Cost of medication adherence and persistence in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a literature review. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2017;11:1103. doi:10.2147/PPA.S13479228721024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyngäs H. A theoretical model of compliance in young diabetics. J Clin Nurs. 1999;8(1):73–80.10214172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyngäs H. Compliance of adolescents with chronic disease. J Clin Nurs. 2000;9(4):549–556.11261135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyngäs H. Compliance of adolescents with diabetes. J Pediatr Nurs. 2000;15(4):260–267. doi:10.1053/jpdn.2000.616910969500
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kyng As HA, Kroll T, Duffy ME. Compliance in adolescents with chronic diseases: a review. J Adolesc Health. 2000;6(26):379–388.
   Google Scholar
• Kyngäs H, Rissanen M. Support as a crucial predictor of good compliance of adolescents with a chronic disease. J Clin Nurs. 2001;10(6):767–774.11822848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyngäs H, Duffy ME, Kroll T. Conceptual analysis of compliance. J Clin Nurs. 2000;9(1):5–12.11022487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyngäs H, Hentinen M, Barlow JH. Adolescents’ perceptions of physicians, nurses, parents and friends: help or hindrance in compliance with diabetes self-care? J Adv Nurs. 1998;27(4):760–769.9578206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawler FH, Viviani N. Patient and physician perspectives regarding treatment of diabetes: compliance with practice guidelines. J Fam Pract. 1997;44(4):369–374.9108834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobach DF, Hammond WE. Computerized decision support based on a clinical practice guideline improves compliance with care standards. Am J Med. 1997;102(1):89–98.9209205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombardo F, Salzano G, Messina MF, De Luca F. Compliance and administration methods in management of type 1 diabetes. Acta Biomed. 2005;76(Suppl 3):66–69.16915802
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moström P, Ahlén E, Imberg H, Hansson PO, Lind M. Adherence of self-monitoring of blood glucose in persons with type 1 diabetes in Sweden. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017;5(1):e000342. doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000342
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazir R, Ur S, Azmi Hassali M, Saleem F, Bashir S, Aljadhey H. Does adherence to the therapeutic regimen associate with health related quality of life: findings from an observational study of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Pakistan. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2017;30(6):2159–2165.
   Google Scholar
• Norris SL, Lau J, Smith SJ, Schmid CH, Engelgau MM. Self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of the effect on glycemic control. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(7):1159–1171.12087014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paes AH, Bakker A, Soe-Agnie CJ. Impact of dosage frequency on patient compliance. Diabetes Care. 1997;20(10):1512–1517.9314626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson B. Myth of empowerment in chronic illness. J Adv Nurs. 2001;34(5):574–581.11380725
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pladevall M, Williams LK, Potts LA, Divine G, Xi H, Lafata JE. Clinical outcomes and adherence to medications measured by claims data in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(12):2800–2805.15562188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renders CM, Valk GD, Griffin SJ, Wagner EH, Assendelft WJ. Interventions to improve the management of diabetes in primary care, outpatient, and community settings: a systematic review. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(10):1821–1833.11574449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renders CM, Valk GD, Griffin SJ, Wagner E, van Eijk JT, Assendelft WJ. Interventions to improve the management of diabetes mellitus in primary care, outpatient and community settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(4). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001481.
   Google Scholar
• Rosen MI, Beauvais JE, Rigsby MO, Salahi JT, Ryan CE, Cramer JA. Neuropsychological correlates of suboptimal adherence to metformin. J Behav Med. 2003;26(4):349–360.12921008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roter DL, Hall JA, Merisca R, Nordstrom B, Cretin D, Svarstad B. Effectiveness of interventions to improve patient compliance: a meta-analysis. Med Care. 1998;1138–1161. doi:10.1097/00005650-199808000-000049708588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaper NC, Nikolajsen A, Sandberg A, Buchs S, Bøgelund M. Timing of insulin injections, adherence, and glycemic control in a multinational sample of people with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis. Diabetes Ther. 2017;8(6):1319–1329. doi:10.1007/s13300-017-0317-929063510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schectman JM, Nadkarni MM, Voss JD. The association between diabetes metabolic control and drug adherence in an indigent population. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(6):1015–1021.12032108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schilling LS, Grey M, Knafl KA. The concept of self-management of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: an evolutionary concept analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2002;37(1):87–99.11784402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shenolikar RA, Balkrishnan R, Camacho FT, Whitmire JT, Anderson RT. Race and medication adherence in Medicaid enrollees with type-2 diabetes. J Natl Med Assoc. 2006;98(7):1071.16895275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoemaker A, Cheng P, Gal RL, et al. Predictors of loss to follow-up among children with type 2 diabetes. Horm Res Paediatr. 2017;87(6):377–384. doi:10.1159/00047559528505610
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivasan NK, John D, Rebekah G, Kujur ES, Paul P, John SS. Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy: knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) among diabetic patients in a tertiary eye care centre. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(7):NC01. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2017/24731.9963
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinhardt MA, Brown SA, Dubois SK, Jr L H, Lehrer HM, Jaggars SS. A resilience intervention in African-American adults with type 2 diabetes. Am J Health Behav. 2015;39(4):507–518. doi:10.5993/AJHB.39.4.726018099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinhardt MA, Mamerow MM, Brown SA, Jolly CA. A resilience intervention in African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2009;35(2):274–284. doi:10.1177/014572170832969819204102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian K, Midha I, Chelapilla V. Overcoming the challenges in implementing type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention programs can decrease the burden on healthcare costs in the United States. J Diabetes Res 2017;2017:2615681.
   Google Scholar
• Sweileh W, Aker O, Hamooz S. Rate of compliance among patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension. An-Najah Univ J Res (N Sci). 2005;19:1.
   Google Scholar
• Timms N, Lowes L. Autonomy or non-compliance in adolescent diabetes? Br J Nurs. 1999;8(12):794–800. doi:10.12968/bjon.1999.8.12.657410670296
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Toobert DJ, Hampson SE, Glasgow RE. The summary of diabetes self-care activities measure: results from 7 studies and a revised scale. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(7):943–950.10895844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermeire EI, Wens J, Van Royen P, Biot Y, Hearnshaw H, Lindenmeyer A. Interventions for improving adherence to treatment recommendations in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(2). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003638.pub2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker EA, Usher JA. Understanding and enhancing adherence in adults with diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2003;3(2):141–148.12728640
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wens J, Vermeire E, Van Royen P, Hearnshaw H. A systematic review of adherence with medications for diabetes (Letter). Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2284. doi:10.2337/diacare.27.9.228415333510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winer N, Folker A, Murphy JA, et al. Effect of fixed-dose ACE-inhibitor/calcium channel blocker combination therapy vs. ACE-inhibitor monotherapy on arterial compliance in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Prev Cardiol. 2005;8(2):87–92.15860983
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Worrall G, Freake D, Kelland J, Pickle A, Kennan T. Care of patients with type II diabetes: a study of family physicians’ compliance with clinical practice guidelines. J Fam Pract. 1997;44(4):374–382.9108835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao G, Ford ES, Li C, Mokdad AH. Compliance with physical activity recommendations in US adults with diabetes. Diabet Med. 2008;25(2):221–227. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02332.x18201213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu J, Xu J, Chen Y, et al. Cross-cultural adaption and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Diabetes Behavior Rating Scale: a pilot study. Sci China Life Sci. 2018;61(3):310–317. doi:10.1007/s11427-016-9070-728801859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oxford English Dictionary; 2008 Available from: http://www.oed.com/;jsessionid=1C35C24E059AA7EBBA0BBD226D04B997?showLogin=false. Accessed 530, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Manfredi P. La concordanza nel rapporto medico-paziente e la formazione medica [Concordance in the doctor-patient relationship and medical training]. MEDIC. 2016;24(2):58–63. Italian.
   Google Scholar
• Jaspers K. Allgemeine Psychopathologie. Berlin: Springer; 1959 [1913] (trad. it. di R. Priori, Psicopatologia generale, Il pensiero Scientifico Editore, Roma 1964).
   Google Scholar
• Langher V, Caputo A, Martino G. What happened to the clinical approach to case study in psychological research? A clinical psychological analysis of scientific articles in high impact-factor journals. Mediterr J Clin Psychol 2017;5(3).
   Google Scholar
• Marchini F, Caputo A, Napoli A, Balonan JT, Martino G, Nannini V, Langher V. Chronic illness as loss of good self: underlying mechanisms affecting diabetes adaptation. Mediterr J Clin Psychol 2018 Dec 20;6(3):1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Borgna E, ed. Malinconia [Melancholy]. Milan: Universale Economica Feltrinelli/Saggi;2001. Italian.
   Google Scholar