Barriers for the Functional Implementation of Community Health Volunteers in Health Developmental Army in Debre Libanos District, Oromia, Ethiopia: A Descriptive Qualitative Study

References

• Maternal and Child Health Directorate. Federal Ministry of Health. National newborn and child survival strategy 2015/16–2019/20. Addis Ababa: FMOH; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health. HSTP health sector transformation plan 2015/16–2019/20 (2008‐2012 EFY); 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Banteyerga H. Ethiopia’s health extension program: improving health through community involvement. MEDICC Rev. 2011;13(3):46–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebhatu A. The implementation of Ethiopia’s health extension program: an overview. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Federal Ministry of Health [Ethiopia]. National newborn and child survival strategy document brief summary 2015/16–2019/20; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Glenton C, Scheel IB, Pradhan S, et al. The female community health volunteer programme in Nepal: decision makers’ perceptions of volunteerism, payment and other incentives. Soc Sci Med. 2010;70(12):1920–1927. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadi A. Management of acute respiratory infections by community health volunteers: experience of Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC). Bull World Health Organ. 2003;81(3):183–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung MHL, Hazmi H, Cheah WL. Role performance of community health volunteers and its associated factors in Kuching District, Sarawak. J Environ Public Health. 2017;2017:1–9. doi:10.1155/2017/9610928
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kambarami RA, Mbuya MN, Pelletier D, Fundira D, Tavengwa NV, Stoltzfus RJ. Factors associated with community health worker performance differ by task in a multi-tasked setting in rural Zimbabwe. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2016;4(2):238–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jobson G, Naidoo N, Matlakala N, et al. Contextual factors affecting the integration of community health workers into the health system in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Int Health. 2020;12(4):281–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Community health workers: What do we know about them?  Available from: https://www.who.int/hrh/documents/community_health_workers.pdf. Accessed December 17, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Berhanu D, Avan BI. Community Based Newborn Care: Quality of CBNC Programme Assessment-Midline Evaluation Report, March 2017. London: IDEAS, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Alam N, Hajizadeh M, Dumont A, Fournier P. Inequalities in maternal health care utilization in sub-Saharan African countries: a multiyear and multi-country analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0120922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yitbarek K, Abraham G, Morankar S. Contribution of women’s development army to maternal and child health in Ethiopia: a systematic review of evidence. BMJ Open. 2019;9(5):e025937. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tareke KG, Lemu YK, Feyissa GT. Exploration of facilitators of and barriers to the community-based service utilization for newborn possible serious bacterial infection management in Debre Libanos District, Ethiopia: descriptive qualitative study. BMC Pediatr. 2020;20(1):1–4. doi:10.1186/s12887-020-02211-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jigssa HA, Desta BF, Tilahun HA, McCutcheon J, Berman P. Factors contributing to motivation of volunteer community health workers in Ethiopia: the case of four woredas (districts) in Oromia and Tigray regions. Hum Resour Health. 2018;16(1):57. doi:10.1186/s12960-018-0319-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maes K, Closser S, Tesfaye Y, Gilbert Y, Abesha R. Volunteers in Ethiopia’s women’s development army are more deprived and distressed than their neighbors: cross-sectional survey data from rural Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):1. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5159-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steege R, Taegtmeyer M, McCollum R, et al. How do gender relations affect the working lives of close to community health service providers? Empirical research, a review and conceptual framework. Soc Sci Med. 2018;209:1–3. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kok MC, Kea AZ, Datiko DG, et al. A qualitative assessment of health extension workers’ relationships with the community and health sector in Ethiopia: opportunities for enhancing maternal health performance. Hum Resour Health. 2015;13(1):1–2. doi:10.1186/s12960-015-0077-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawakatsu Y, Sugishita T, Tsutsui J, et al. Individual and contextual factors associated with community health workers’ performance in Nyanza Province, Kenya: a multilevel analysis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15(1):1. doi:10.1186/s12913-015-1117-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Population, E.O.o.t. and H.C. Commission. Summary and statistical report of the 2007 population and housing census: population size by age and sex. 2008: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Population Census Commission. Available from: https://www.ethiopianreview.com/pdf/001/Cen2007_firstdraft(1).pdf. Accessed December 24, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Assefa Y, Gelaw YA, Hill PS, Taye BW, Van Damme W. Community health extension program of Ethiopia, 2003–2018: successes and challenges toward universal coverage for primary healthcare services. Global Health. 2019;15(1):1. doi:10.1186/s12992-019-0470-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Primary health care systems (PRIMASYS): case study from Ethiopia, abridged version. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
   Google Scholar
• Gizaw AT, Zebre G, Tareke KG, Lemu YK. Implementation, experience, and challenges of urban health extension program in Addis Ababa: a case study from Ethiopia; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Wang H, Tesfaye R, Ramana GN, Chekagn CT. Ethiopia Health Extension Program: An Institutionalized Community Approach for Universal Health Coverage. The World Bank; 2016:25.
   Google Scholar
• Tesfaye L, Lemu YK, Tareke KG, Chaka M, Feyissa GT. Exploration of barriers and facilitators to household contact tracing of index tuberculosis cases in Anlemo district, Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia: qualitative study. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):e0233358. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tareke KG, Lemu YK, Yidenekal SA, Feyissa GT. Community’s perception, experiences and health seeking behavior towards newborn illnesses in Debre Libanos District, North Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia: qualitative study. PLoS One. 2020;15(1):e0227542. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilahun H, Fekadu B, Abdisa H, et al. Ethiopia’s health extension workers use of work time on duty: time and motion study. Health Policy Plan. 2017;32(3):320–328. doi:10.1093/heapol/czw129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FMOH: Health service extension programme. Draft implementation guideline. Addis Ababa; January, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Betemariam W, Damtew Z, Tesfaye C, Fesseha N, Karim AM. Effect of Ethiopia’s health development army on maternal and newborn health care practices: a multi-level cross-sectional analysis. Ann Glob Health. 2017;83(1):24. doi:10.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.051
   Google Scholar
• Damtew ZA, Karim AM, Chekagn CT, et al. Correlates of the Women’s Development Army strategy implementation strength with household reproductive, maternal, newborn and child healthcare practices: a cross-sectional study in four regions of Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):373. doi:10.1186/s12884-018-1975-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rieger M, Wagner N, Mebratie A, Alemu G, Bedi A. The impact of the Ethiopian health extension program and health development army on maternal mortality: a synthetic control approach. Soc Sci Med. 2019;232:374–381. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.05.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woldie M, Feyissa G, Alaro T, et al. Community health volunteers as mediators of accessible, responsive and resilient community health systems: lessons from the Health Development Army in Ethiopia Development Army in Ethiopia; 2016.
   Google Scholar