The Definition of Paramedicine: An International Delphi Study

References

• Williams B, Onsman A, Brown T. From stretcher-bearer to paramedic: the Australian paramedics’ move towards professionalisation. J Prim Health Care. 2009;7(4):Article 990346.
   Google Scholar
• Eaton G, Wong G, Williams V, Roberts N, Mahtani KR. Contribution of paramedics in primary and urgent care: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract. 2020;70(695):e421–e426. doi:10.3399/bjgp20X709877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olaussen A, Beovich B, Williams B. Top 100 cited paramedicine papers: a bibliometric study. Emerg Med Australas. 2021;33:975–982.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsend RM. What Australian and Irish paramedic registrants can learn from the UK: lessons in developing professionalism. Ir J Paramedicine. 2017;2(2). doi:10.32378/ijp.v2i2.69
   Google Scholar
• Long DN, Lea J, Devenish S. The conundrum of defining paramedicine: more than just what paramedics’ do’. Australas J Paramedicine. 2018;15(1). doi:10.33151/ajp.15.1.629
   Google Scholar
• National EMS Advisory Council. Changing the nomenclature of emergency medical services is necessary; 2016. Available from: https://www.ems.gov/pdf/Final-Draft-Changing-Nomenclature-of-EMS-120216.pdf. Accessed August 18, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• National EMS Management Association. Position Statement: call for common nomenclature for the profession of paramedicine; 2017. Available from: https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.nemsma.org/resource/resmgr/position_statements_papers/position-paper-paramedicine-.pdf. Accessed August 18, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Olaussen A, Semple W, Oteir A, Todd P, Williams B. Paramedic literature search filters: optimised for clinicians and academics. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2017;17(1):1–6. doi:10.1186/s12911-017-0544-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess S, Smith E, Piper S, Archer F. The development of an updated prehospital search filter for the Cochrane library: prehospital search filter version 2.0. Australas J Paramedicine. 2010;8(4):Article 990444. doi:10.33151/ajp.8.4.82
   Google Scholar
• The Council of Ambulance Authorities Inc. Global paramedic leadership alliance; 2021. Available from: https://www.caa.net.au/global-paramedic-leadership-alliance-subpage. Accessed October 13, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Paramedicine World. Welcome to paramedicine world; 2021. Available from: https://www.paramedicineworld.com/. Accessed October 13, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Global Paramedic Higher Education Council. Welcome to GPHEC; 2021. Available from: https://gphec.org/. Accessed October 13, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Nursing Network. Global community paramedic higher education council (GCPHEC)™; 2018. Available from: https://cpar.nursingnetwork.com/nursing-news/113451-global-community-paramedic-higher-education-council-gcphec-. Accessed October 13, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Community Paramedic. International roundtable on community paramedicine; 2020. Available from: http://ircp.info/Default.aspx. Accessed October 13, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• International Paramedic Registry. Enhancing the quality of prehospital patient care internationally; 2019. Available from: http://www.iprcert.net/. Accessed October 13, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Feo R, Conroy T, Jangland E, et al. Towards a standardised definition for fundamental care: a modified Delphi study. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27(11–12):2285–2299. doi:10.1111/jocn.14247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Sherbiny NA, Ibrahim EH, Abdel-Wahed WY. Assessment of patient safety culture among paramedical personnel at general and district hospitals, Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2020;95(1):1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dellon E, Goggin J, Chen E, et al. Defining palliative care in cystic fibrosis: a Delphi study. J Cyst Fibros. 2018;17(3):416–421. doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2017.10.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauwels R, Calverley P, Buist A, et al. COPD exacerbations: the importance of a standard definition. Respir Med. 2004;98(2):99–107. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2003.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaap T, Bloemenkamp K, Deneux‐Tharaux C, et al. Defining definitions: a Delphi study to develop a core outcome set for conditions of severe maternal morbidity. BJOG. 2019;126(3):394–401. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.14833
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisch NC, Rabinowitsch D. What’s in a definition? Holistic nursing, integrative health care, and integrative nursing: report of an integrated literature review. J Holist Nurs. 2019;37(3):260–272. doi:10.1177/0898010119860685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed B, Cowin LS, O’Meara P, Wilson IG. Professionalism and professionalisation in the discipline of paramedicine. Australas J Paramedicine. 2019;16:1–10. doi:10.33151/ajp.16.715
   Google Scholar
• O’Meara P. So how can we frame our identity? J Paramed Pract. 2011;3(2):57. doi:10.12968/jpar.2011.3.2.57
   Google Scholar
• Bowles RR, van Beek C, Anderson GS. Four dimensions of paramedic practice in Canada: defining and describing the profession. Australas J Paramedicine. 2017;14(3). doi:10.33151/ajp.14.3.539
   Google Scholar
• Paramedics Australasia. Australasian competency standards for paramedics; 2011. Available from: https://nasemso.org/wp-content/uploads/PA_Australasian-Competency-Standards-for-paramedics-2011.pdf. Accessed August 24, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Hasson F, Keeney S, McKenna H. Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. J Adv Nurs. 2000;32(4):1008–1015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jünger S, Payne SA, Brine J, Radbruch L, Brearley SG. Guidance on Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies (CREDES) in palliative care: recommendations based on a methodological systematic review. Palliat Med. 2017;31(8):684–706. doi:10.1177/0269216317690685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dekker J, Amitami M, Berman AH, et al. Definition and characteristics of behavioral medicine, and main tasks and goals of the international society of behavioral medicine—an International Delphi Study. Int J Behav Med. 2021;28(3):268–276. doi:10.1007/s12529-020-09928-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luquin M-R, Kulisevsky J, Martinez-Martin P, Mir P, Tolosa ES. Consensus on the definition of advanced Parkinson’s disease: a neurologists-based Delphi study (CEPA study). Parkinson’s Dis. 2017. doi:10.1155/2017/4047392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbat L, Johnston N, Mitchell I. Defining ‘specialist palliative care’: findings from a Delphi study of clinicians. Aust Health Rev. 2019;44(2):313–321. doi:10.1071/AH18198
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stute M, Hurwood A, Hulcombe J, Kuipers P. Defining the role and scope of practice of allied health assistants within Queensland public health services. Aust Health Rev. 2013;37(5):602–606. doi:10.1071/AH13042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyngäs H. Inductive content analysis. In: Kyngäs H, Mikkonen K, Kääriäinen M, editors. The Application of Content Analysis in Nursing Science Research. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020:13–21.
   Google Scholar
• Jorm AF. Using the Delphi expert consensus method in mental health research. Aust N. Z J Psychiatry. 2015;49(10):887–897. doi:10.1177/0004867415600891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamond IR, Grant RC, Feldman BM, et al. Defining consensus: a systematic review recommends methodologic criteria for reporting of Delphi studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2014;67(4):401–409. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedo S, Baguley DM, Denys D, et al. A consensus definition of misophonia: using a delphi process to reach expert agreement. medRxiv. 2021. Available from: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.05.21254951v2.
   Google Scholar
• Burns PB, Rohrich RJ, Chung KC. The levels of evidence and their role in evidence-based medicine. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;128(1):305–310. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e318219c171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niederberger M, Spranger J. Delphi technique in health sciences: a map. Public Health Front. 2020;8(Article):457. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00457
   Google Scholar