Review on Nanomaterials and Nano-Scaled Systems for Topical and Systemic Delivery of Antifungal Drugs

References

• Suk JS, Xu Q, Kim N, Hanes J, Ensign LM. PEGylation as a strategy for improving nanoparticle-based drug and gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2016;99:28–51. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2015.09.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg A, Sharma GS, Goyal AK, Ghosh G, Si SC, Rath G. Recent advances in topical carriers of anti-fungal agents. Heliyon. 2020;6(8):e04663. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faisal W, Soliman GM, Hamdan AM, Faisal W, Soliman GM, Hamdan AM. Enhanced skin deposition and delivery of voriconazole using ethosomal preparations. J Liposome Res. 2018;28(1):14–21. doi:10.1080/08982104.2016.1239636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bitar D, Lortholary O, Strat Le Y, et al. Deaths attributable to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections. Emerg Infect Dis J. 2014;20(7):1149–1155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soliman GM. Nanoparticles as safe and effective delivery systems of antifungal agents: achievements and challenges. Int J Pharm. 2017;523(1):15–32. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunke S, Mogavero S, Kasper L, Hube B. Virulence factors in fungal pathogens of man. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2016;32:89–95. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.05.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeh M, Ahmed Y, Quinn J. Phosphate acquisition and virulence in human fungal pathogens. Microorganism. 2017;5(3):1–17. doi:10.3390/microorganisms5030048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding C, Festa RA, Sun TS. Iron and copper as virulence modulators in human fungal pathogens. Mol Microbiol. 2014;93(1):10–23. doi:10.1111/mmi.12653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nett JE, Andes DR. Antifungal agents: spectrum of activity, pharmacology, and clinical indications. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2016;30(1):51–83. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2015.10.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh TJ, Groll A, Hiemenz J, Fleming R, Roilides E, Anaissie E. Infections due to emerging and uncommon medically important fungal pathogens. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004;10(SUPPL. 1):48–66. doi:10.1111/j.1470-9465.2004.00839.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar JR, Muralidharan S, Parasuraman S. Antifungal agents: new approach for novel delivery systems. J Pharm Sci Res. 2014;6(5):229–235.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis RE. Current concepts in antifungal pharmacology. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86(8):805–817. doi:10.4065/mcp.2011.0247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macesic N, Stone NRH, Wingard JR. Liposomal amphotericin B. In: Kucers’ the Use of Antibiotics a Clinical Review of Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiparasitic, and Antiviral Drugs. 7th ed. 2017; Vol. 69, 2612–2627.
   Google Scholar
• Furst T, Piette M, Lechanteur A, Evrard B, Piel G. Mucoadhesive cellulosic derivative sponges as drug delivery system for vaginal application. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2015;95(February):128–135. doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.01.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zazo H, Colino CI, Lanao JM. Current applications of nanoparticles in infectious diseases. J Control Release. 2016;224:86–102. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khatry S, Sirish Shastri N, Sadanandam M. Novel drug delivery systems for antifungal therapy. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2010;2(4):6–9.
   Google Scholar
• Waghule T, Sankar S, Rapalli VK, et al. Emerging role of nanocarriers based topical delivery of anti-fungal agents in combating growing fungal infections. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6). doi:10.1111/dth.13905.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozzuto G, Molinari A. Liposomes as nanomedical devices. Int J Nanomedicine. 2015;10:975–999. doi:10.2147/IJN.S68861
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saadat E, Dinarvand R, Ebrahimnejad P. Encapsulation of nystatin in nanoliposomal formulation: characterization, stability study and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Pharm Biomed Res. 2016;2(1):44–54. doi:10.18869/acadpub.pbr.2.1.44
   Google Scholar
• Adler-Moore JP, Gangneux JP, Pappas PG. Comparison between liposomal formulations of amphotericin B. Med Mycol. 2016;54(3):223–231. doi:10.1093/mmy/myv111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone NRH, Bicanic T, Salim R, Hope W. Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome®): a review of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical experience and future directions. Drugs. 2016;76(4):485–500. doi:10.1007/s40265-016-0538-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoubek A, Emminger W, Schmidmeier WE, et al. Conventional vs. liposomal amphotericin B in immunosuppressed children. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2009;3:18.
   Google Scholar
• Akhtar N. Vesicles: a recently developed novel carrier for enhanced topical drug delivery. Curr Drug Deliv. 2014;11(1):87–97. doi:10.2174/15672018113106660064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandit J, Garg M, Jain NK. Miconazole nitrate bearing ultraflexible liposomes for the treatment of fungal infection. J Liposome Res. 2014;24(2):163–169. doi:10.3109/08982104.2013.871025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salem HF, Ahmed SM, Omar MM. Liposomal flucytosine capped with gold nanoparticle formulations for improved ocular delivery. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016;10:277–295. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S91730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta SK, Velpandian T, Dhingra N, Jaiswal J. Intravitreal pharmacokinetics of plain and liposome-entrapped fluconazole in rabbit eyes. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2000;16(6):511–518. doi:10.1089/jop.2000.16.511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song CK, Balakrishnan P, Shim CK, Chung SJ, Chong S, Kim DD. A novel vesicular carrier, transethosome, for enhanced skin delivery of voriconazole: characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2012;92:299–304. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aggarwal N, Goindi S. Preparation and evaluation of antifungal efficacy of griseofulvin loaded deformable membrane vesicles in optimized Guinea pig model of microsporum canis - Dermatophytosis. Int J Pharm. 2012;437(1–2):277–287. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.08.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahima M, Devi VK. Potential of novel drug delivery systems in the management of topical candidiasis. J Drug Target. 2017. doi:10.1080/1061186X.2017.1331352
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campani V, Biondi M, Mayol L, et al. Nanocarriers to enhance the accumulation of vitamin K1 into the skin. Pharm Res. 2016;33(4):893–908. doi:10.1007/s11095-015-1836-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma P, Pathak K. Nanosized ethanolic vesicles loaded with econazole nitrate for the treatment of deep fungal infections through topical gel formulation. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med. 2012;8(4):489–496. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2011.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel DM, Jani RH, Patel CN. Ufasomes: a vesicular drug delivery. Syst Rev Pharm. 2011;2(2):72–78. doi:10.4103/0975-8453.86290
   Google Scholar
• Gupta M, Vaidya B, Mishra N, Vyas SP. Effect of surfactants on the characteristics of fluconazole niosomes for enhanced cutaneous delivery. Artif Cells Blood Substitutes Biotechnol. 2011;39(6):376–384. doi:10.3109/10731199.2011.611476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barakat HS, Darwish IA, El-Khordagui LK, Khalafallah NM. Development of naftifine hydrochloride alcohol-free niosome gel. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2009;35(5):631–637. doi:10.1080/03639040802498864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moghassemi S, Hadjizadeh A. Nano-niosomes as nanoscale drug delivery systems: an illustrated review. J Control Release. 2014;185(1):22–36. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdul Hasan Sathali A, Rajalakshmi G. Evaluation of transdermal targeted niosomal drug delivery of terbinafine hydrochloride. Int J PharmTech Res. 2010;2(3):2081–2089.
   Google Scholar
• Shirsand S, Kanani K, Keerthy D, Nagendrakumar D, Para M. Formulation and evaluation of Ketoconazole niosomal gel drug delivery system. Int J Pharm Investig. 2012;2(4):201. doi:10.4103/2230-973X.107002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alam M, Dwivedi V, Khan AA, Mohammad O. Efficacy of niosomal formulation of diallyl sulfide against experimental candidiasis in Swiss albino mice. Nanomedicine. 2009;4(7):713–724. doi:10.2217/nnm.09.60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhari MB, Desai PP, Patel PA, Patravale VB. Solid lipid nanoparticles of amphotericin B (AmbiOnp): in vitro and in vivo assessment towards safe and effective oral treatment module. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2016;6(4):354–364. doi:10.1007/s13346-015-0267-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanna V, Gavini E, Cossu M, Rassu G, Giunchedi P. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as carriers for the topical delivery of econazole nitrate: in-vitro characterization, ex-vivo and in-vivo studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2007;59(8):1057–1064. doi:10.1211/jpp.59.8.0002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moazeni M, Kelidari HR, Saeedi M, et al. Time to overcome fluconazole resistant Candida isolates: solid lipid nanoparticles as a novel antifungal drug delivery system. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2016;142:400–407. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geszke-Moritz M, Moritz M. Solid lipid nanoparticles as attractive drug vehicles: composition, properties and therapeutic strategies. Mater Sci Eng C. 2016;68:982–994. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan AB, Saha C. A review on vaginal drug delivery system. Rajiv Gandhi Univ Heal Sci J Pharm Sci. 2015;4(4):142–147.
   Google Scholar
• Pardeike J, Weber S, Zarfl HP, Pagitz M, Zimmer A. Itraconazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for pulmonary treatment of aspergillosis in falcons. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2016;108:269–276. doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.07.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song SH, Lee KM, Kang JB, Lee SG, Kang MJ, Choi YW. Improved skin delivery of voriconazole with a nanostructured lipid carrier-based hydrogel formulation. Chem Pharm Bull. 2014;62(8):793–798. doi:10.1248/cpb.c14-00202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain A, Singh VK, Singh OP, Shafaat K, Kumar S, Ahmad FJ. Formulation and optimization of nanoemulsion using antifungal lipid and surfactant for accentuated topical delivery of Amphotericin B. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(8):3101–3110. doi:10.3109/10717544.2016.1153747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aswathanarayan JB, Vittal RR. Nanoemulsions and their potential applications in food industry. Front Sustain Food Syst. 2019;3:(November):1–21. doi:10.3389/fsufs.2019.00095
   Google Scholar
• Hussain A, Samad A, Singh SK, et al. Nanoemulsion gel-based topical delivery of an antifungal drug: in vitro activity and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(2):652–667. doi:10.3109/10717544.2014.933284
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahtab A, Anwar M, Mallick N, Naz Z, Jain GK, Ahmad FJ. Transungual delivery of Ketoconazole Nanoemulgel for the effective management of onychomycosis. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2016;17(6):1477–1490. doi:10.1208/s12249-016-0488-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain A, Singh S, Webster TJ, Ahmad FJ. New perspectives in the topical delivery of optimized amphotericin B loaded nanoemulsions using excipients with innate anti-fungal activities: a mechanistic and histopathological investigation. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med. 2017;13(3):1117–1126. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2016.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Psimadas D, Georgoulias P, Valotassiou V, Loudos G. Molecular nanomedicine towards cancer . J Pharm Sci. 2012;101(7):2271–2280. doi:10.1002/jps.23146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tayel SA, El-Nabarawi MA, Tadros MI, Abd-Elsalam WH. Promising ion-sensitive in situ ocular nanoemulsion gels of terbinafine hydrochloride: design, in vitro characterization and in vivo estimation of the ocular irritation and drug pharmacokinetics in the aqueous humor of rabbits. Int J Pharm. 2013;443(1–2):293–305. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.12.049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirza MA, Ahmad S, Mallick MN, Manzoor N, Talegaonkar S, Iqbal Z. Development of a novel synergistic thermosensitive gel for vaginal candidiasis: an in vitro, in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2013;103:275–282. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.10.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thakkar HP, Khunt A, Dhande RD, Patel AA. Formulation and evaluation of Itraconazole nanoemulsion for enhanced oral bioavailability. J Microencapsul. 2015;32(6):559–569. doi:10.3109/02652048.2015.1065917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakkar S, Kaur IP. Spanlastics-A novel nanovesicular carrier system for ocular delivery. Int J Pharm. 2011;413(1–2):202–210. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.04.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur IP, Rana C, Singh M, Bhushan S, Singh H, Kakkar S. Development and evaluation of novel surfactant-based elastic vesicular system for ocular delivery of fluconazole. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2012;28(5):484–496. doi:10.1089/jop.2011.0176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ElMeshad AN, Mohsen AM. Enhanced corneal permeation and antimycotic activity of itraconazole against Candida albicans via a novel nanosystem vesicle. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(7):2115–2123. doi:10.3109/10717544.2014.942811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ElSherif MS, Brown C, Mackinnon-Cameron D, et al. Assessing the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus Ebola vaccine in healthy adults: a randomized clinical trial. CMAJ. 2017;189(24):E819–E827. doi:10.1503/cmaj.170074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugazhendhi A, Prabakar D, Jacob JM, Karuppusamy I, Saratale RG. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Gelidium amansii and its antimicrobial property against various pathogenic bacteria. Microb Pathog. 2018;114:41–45. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel NR, Leonardi C, Sabliov CM. Itraconazole-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles for improved antifungal activity. Nanomedicine. 2010;5(7):1037–1050. doi:10.2217/nnm.10.68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mora-Huertas CE, Fessi H, Elaissari A. Polymer-based nanocapsules for drug delivery. Int J Pharm. 2010;385(1–2):113–142. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.10.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pourgholi F, Hajivalili M, Farhad JN, Kafil HS, Yousefi M. Nanoparticles: novel vehicles in treatment of Glioblastoma. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016;77:98–107. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos EVR, Oliveira JL, Zavala-Betancourt SA, et al. Development of stained polymeric nanocapsules loaded with model drugs: use of a fluorescent poly(phenyleneethynylene). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2016;147:442–449. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matoso Sombra F, Richter AR, de Araújo AR, et al. Nanocapsules of Sterculia striata acetylated polysaccharide as a potential monomeric amphotericin B delivery matrix. Int J Biol Macromol. 2019;130:655–663. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sombra FM, Richter AR, Araújo De AR, et al. Development of Amphotericin B-loaded Propionate Sterculia striata. Int J Biol Macromol. 2019;146:1133–1141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Italia JL, Yahya MM, Singh D, Ravi Kumar MNV. Biodegradable nanoparticles improve oral bioavailability of amphotericin B and show reduced nephrotoxicity compared to intravenous fungizone®. Pharm Res. 2009;26(6):1324–1331. doi:10.1007/s11095-009-9841-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang X, Dai J, Xie J, et al. Enhanced antifungal activity by Ab-modified amphotericin B-loaded nanoparticles using a pH-responsive block copolymer. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2015;10(1):1–11. doi:10.1186/s11671-015-0969-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van De Ven H, Paulussen C, Feijens PB, et al. PLGA nanoparticles and nanosuspensions with amphotericin B: potent in vitro and in vivo alternatives to Fungizone and AmBisome. J Control Release. 2012;161(3):795–803. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bian X, Liang S, John J, et al. Development of PLGA-based itraconazole injectable nanospheres for sustained release. Int J Nanomedicine. 2013;8:4521–4531. doi:10.2147/IJN.S54040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burapapadh K, Takeuchi H, Sriamornsak P. Development of pectin nanoparticles through mechanical homogenization for dissolution enhancement of itraconazole. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2016;11(3):365–375. doi:10.1016/j.ajps.2015.07.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhakamy NA, Shadab M. Repurposing itraconazole loaded PLGA nanoparticles for improved antitumor efficacy in non-small cell lung cancers. Pharmaceutics. 2019;11(12):12. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics11120685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey R, Ahmad Z, Sharma S, Khuller GK. Nano-encapsulation of azole antifungals: potential applications to improve oral drug delivery. Int J Pharm. 2005;301(1–2):268–276. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.05.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endo EH, Makimori RY, Companhoni MVP, Ueda-Nakamura T, Nakamura CV, Dias Filho BP. Ketoconazole-loaded poly-(lactic acid) nanoparticles: characterization and improvement of antifungal efficacy in vitro against Candida and dermatophytes. J Mycol Med. 2020;30(3):101003. doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.101003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oerlemans C, Bult W, Bos M, Storm G, Nijsen JFW, Hennink WE. Polymeric micelles in anticancer therapy: targeting, imaging and triggered release. Pharm Res. 2010;27(12):2569–2589. doi:10.1007/s11095-010-0233-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeda M, Moriuchi S, Sano A, Yoshimine T. New drug delivery system for water-soluble drugs using silicone and its usefulness for local treatment: application of GCV-silicone to GCV/HSV-tk gene therapy for brain tumor. J Control Release. 2002;84(1–2):15–25. doi:10.1016/S0168-3659(02)00236-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy BPK, Yadav HKS, Nagesha DK, Raizaday A, Karim A. Polymeric micelles as novel carriers for poorly soluble drugs-A review. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2015;15(6):4009–4018. doi:10.1166/jnn.2015.9713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobo D, Robinson KJ, Islam J, Thurecht KJ, Corrie SR. Nanoparticle-based medicines: a review of FDA-approved materials and clinical trials to date. Pharm Res. 2016;33(10):2373–2387. doi:10.1007/s11095-016-1958-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng P, Teng F, Zhou F, Song Z, Meng N, Feng R. Methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (δ-valerolactone) copolymeric micelles for improved skin delivery of ketoconazole. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2017;28(1):63–78. doi:10.1080/09205063.2016.1244371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachhav YG, Mondon K, Kalia YN, Gurny R, Möller M. Novel micelle formulations to increase cutaneous bioavailability of azole antifungals. J Control Release. 2011;153(2):126–132. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez YJ, Quejada LF, Villamil JC, Baena Y, Parra-Giraldo CM, Perez LD. Development of amphotericin b micellar formulations based on copolymers of poly(Ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) conjugated with retinol. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(3):3. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12030196
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang X, Liang Y, Zhu Y, et al. Anti-transferrin receptor-modified amphotericin B-loaded PLA-PEG nanoparticles cure Candidal meningitis and reduce drug toxicity. Int J Nanomedicine. 2015;10:6227–6241. doi:10.2147/IJN.S84656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauhan AS. Dendrimers for Drug Delivery. Molecules. 2018;23(4):4. doi:10.3390/molecules23040938
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathy S, Das MK. Dendrimers and their applications as novel drug delivery carriers. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2013;3(9):142–149.
   Google Scholar
• Rao BN, Fathima SR, Viswanath V, Prakash KG, Padmini DS, Reddy PS. Novel citric acid dendritic hydrogels for the delivery of econazole nitrate and its antifungal activity. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2016;6(12):094–102. doi:10.7324/JAPS.2016.601213
   Google Scholar
• Winnicka K, Wroblewska M, Wieczorek P, Sacha PT, Tryniszewska E. Hydrogel of Ketoconazole and PAMAM dendrimers: formulation and antifungal activity. Molecules. 2012;17(4):4612–4624. doi:10.3390/molecules17044612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sosnowska K. PAMAM dendrimers affect the in vitro release of clotrimazole from hydrogels irrespective of its molecular state. African J Pharm Pharmacol. 2013;7(10):560–573. doi:10.5897/AJPP2013.3470
   Google Scholar
• Khairnar GA, Chavan-Patil AB, Palve PR, Bhise SB, Mourya VK, Kulkarni CG. Dendrimers: potential tool for enhancement of antifungal activity. Int J PharmTech Res. 2010;2(1):736–739.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma R, Garg T, Goyal AK, Rath G. Development, optimization and evaluation of polymeric electrospun nanofiber : a tool for local delivery of fluconazole for management of vaginal candidiasis. Artif Cells, Nanomed Biotechnol. 2014;44(2):524–531. doi:10.3109/21691401.2014.966194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albicans C. Antifungal activity of eugenol loaded electrospun PAN nanofiber mats against Candida albicans. Curr Drug Deliv. 2018;15(6):860–866. doi:10.2174/1567201815666180226120436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pourdeyhimi B, Khan SA. Preservation of cell viability and protein conformation on immobilization within nano fibers via electrospinning functionalized yeast. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2013;5(19):9349–9354. doi:10.1021/am4022768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang S, Zhou L, Li M, Wu Q, Kojima Y. Preparation and properties of electrospun poly (Vinyl Pyrrolidone)/ cellulose nanocrystal/silver nanoparticle composite fibers. Materials. 2016;9(7):523. doi:10.3390/ma9070523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clotrimazole K. Formulation and evaluation of antifungal nanosponge loaded hydrogel for topical delivery. Int J Pharm Pharm Res. 2018;13:362–379.
   Google Scholar
• Access O, Press H. Formulation and evaluation of fluconazole loaded nanospongies for improved topical drug delivery. Br J Pharm. 2018;2(2):41–42.
   Google Scholar
• Abbas N, Parveen K, Hussain A, Latif S, Shah PA, Ahsan M. Nanosponge-based hydrogel preparation of fluconazole for improved topical delivery. Trop J Pharm Re. 2019;18:215–222. doi:10.4314/tjpr.v18i2.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma R, Pathak K. Polymeric nanosponges as an alternative carrier for improved retention of econazole nitrate onto the skin through topical hydrogel formulation. Pharm Dev Technol. 2011;16(4):367–376. doi:10.3109/10837451003739289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajbhiye S, Sakharwade S. Silver nanoparticles in cosmetics. J Cosmet Dermatol Sci Appl. 2016;06(01):48–53. doi:10.4236/jcdsa.2016.61007
   Google Scholar
• Lee J, Kim K, Sung WS, Kim JG, Lee DG. The silver nanoparticle (Nano-Ag): a new model for antifungal agents the silver nanoparticle (Nano-Ag): a new model for antifungal agents. Silver Nanoparticles. 2014;1:295–308.
   Google Scholar
• Ashour SM. Article Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent from Kluyveromyces marxianus and Candida utilis. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2014;3(8):384–396.
   Google Scholar
• Kola M, Vec R, Prucek R, Soukupova J, Hamal P, Zbor R. Biomaterials Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against Candida sppˇova. Biomaterials. 2009;30:6333–6340. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tharwat NA, Al-bedak OA, Hamouda RE, Shreif El RH. Antifungal effect of gold nanoparticles on fungi isolated from onychomycosis patients. Al-Azhar J Pharm sci. 2019;60(2):26–42. doi:10.21608/ajps.2019.70234
   Google Scholar
• Alam F, Azam A, Khan AU. Gold nanoparticles enhance methylene blue – induced photodynamic therapy : a novel therapeutic approach to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm. Int J Nanomedicine. 2012;7:3245–3257. doi:10.2147/IJN.S31219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jebali A, Haji F, Hajjar E, et al. Triangular gold nanoparticles conjugated with peptide ligands : a new class of inhibitor for Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinase. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014;90(4):349–355. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2014.05.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen TM, Cullis PR. Liposomal drug delivery systems: from concept to clinical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2013;65(1):36–48. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couvreur P. Nanoparticles in drug delivery: past, present and future. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2013;65(1):21–23. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2012.04.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sercombe L, Veerati T, Moheimani F, Wu SY, Sood AK, Hua S. Advances and challenges of liposome assisted drug delivery. Front Pharmacol. 2015;6:1–13. doi:10.3389/fphar.2015.00286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sainz V, Conniot J, Matos AI, et al. Regulatory aspects on nanomedicines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015;468(3):504–510. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewinski N, Colvin V, Drezek R. Cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. Small. 2008;4(1):26–49. doi:10.1002/smll.200700595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall G, Lopez-Ribot JL. Current antimycotics, new prospects, and future approaches to antifungal therapy. Antibiotics. 2020;9(8):1–10. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9080445
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar