Evaluation of Drug Use Pattern in Pediatric Outpatient Clinics in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital Using WHO Drug-Prescribing Indicators

References

• Ofori-Asenso R, Agyeman AA. Irrational use of medicines-a summary of key concepts. Pharmacy. 2016;4(4). doi:10.3390/pharmacy4040035
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. The rational use of drugs and WHO. Dev Dialogue. 1985;2:1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Ofori-Asenso R, Brhlikova P, Pollock AM. Prescribing indicators at primary health care centers within the WHO African region: a systematic analysis (1995–2015). BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):724. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3428-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao W, Vu H, Xie Z, Chen W, Tang S. Systematic review on irrational use of medicines in China and Vietnam. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0117710. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogerzeil HV. Promoting rational prescribing: an international perspective. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;39(1):1–6. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04402.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmood A, Elnour AA, Ali AAA, Hassan NA, Shehab A, Bhagavathula AS. Evaluation of rational use of medicines (RUM) in four government hospitals in UAE. Saudi Pharm J. 2016;24(2):189–196. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2015.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toska A, Geitona M. Antibiotic resistance and irrational prescribing in paediatric clinics in Greece. Br j nurs. 2015;24(1):28–33. doi:10.12968/bjon.2015.24.1.28
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joseph F, Oladele O, Oludare O, Olatunde O. Drug prescribing pattern for under-fives in a paediatric clinic in South-Western Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences. 2015;25(1):73–78. doi:10.4314/ejhs.v25i1.10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar VPN, Antony LJ, Maharani B, Jaikumar S, Somasundaram G. Prescription pattern of drugs used in pediatric patients of a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2021;11(4):380–384.
   Google Scholar
• Mukattash T, Nuseir K, Jarab A, Alzoubi K, Al-Azzam S, Shara M. Sources of Information used when prescribing for children, a survey of hospital based pediatricians. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2014;9(4):395–398. doi:10.2174/1574884708666131111205339
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• World Health Organization. How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Using indicators to measure country pharmaceutical situations: fact book on WHO level I and level II monitoring indicators; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• World Medical A. World medical association declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191–2194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clavenna A, Berti A, Gualandi L, Rossi E, De Rosa M, Bonati M. Drug utilisation profile in the Italian paediatric population. Eur J Pediatr. 2009;168(2):173–180. doi:10.1007/s00431-008-0725-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jose J, Devassykutty D. Paediatric prescription analysis in a primary health care institution. JCDR. 2016;10(11):FC05. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2016/22350.8797
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Al-Maqbali KS, Haridass S, Hassali MA, Nouri AI. Analysis of pediatric outpatient prescriptions in a polyclinic of Oman. Glob J Med Res. 2019;3:45.
   Google Scholar
• Halli-Tierney AD, Scarbrough C, Carroll D. Polypharmacy: evaluating risks and deprescribing. Am Fam Physician. 2019;100(1):32–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horace AE, Ahmed F. Polypharmacy in pediatric patients and opportunities for pharmacists’ involvement. Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2015;4:113. doi:10.2147/IPRP.S64535
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alabbadi I, Abbott R, Jaber D. Jordanian stakeholder attitudes toward generic substitution. J Generic Med. 2014;11(1–2):24–34. doi:10.1177/1741134314560289
   Google Scholar
• Soubra L, Karout S. Dispensing errors in Lebanese community pharmacies: incidence, types, underlying causes, and associated factors. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2021;19(1):2170. doi:10.18549/PharmPract.2021.1.2170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain S, Jain P, Moghe V, et al. A systematic review of prescription pattern monitoring studies and their effectiveness in promoting rational use of medicines. Perspect Clin Res. 2015;6(2):86–90. doi:10.4103/2229-3485.154005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Corrick F, Conroy S, Sammons H, Choonara I. Paediatric rational prescribing: a systematic review of assessment tools. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma A, Shweta O. Assessment of drug prescription pattern in children: a descriptive study. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2016;6(1):74–80. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.1110201581
   Google Scholar
• Bassoum O, Ba MF, Sougou NM, Fall D, Faye A. Evaluation of prescribing indicators in a paediatric population seen in an outpatient consultation at the Gaspard Kamara Health Centre in 2019 (Senegal). Pharmacy. 2021;9(2):113. doi:10.3390/pharmacy9020113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed AM, Awad AI. Drug use practices at pediatric hospitals of Khartoum State, Sudan. Ann Pharmacother. 2010;44(12):1986–1993. doi:10.1345/aph.1P423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambetsa MO, Oluka MN, Okalebo FA, Mulwa NC, Fadare J, Godman B. One-day out-patient prescribing patterns at a national referral hospital in Kenya. Afr J Pharmacol Ther. 2017;6(2):45.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma S, Bowman C, Alladin-Karan B, Singh N. Antibiotic prescribing patterns in the pediatric emergency department at Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation: a retrospective chart review. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):1–6. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1512-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey AA, Thakre SB, Bhatkule PR. Prescription analysis of pediatric outpatient practice in Nagpur city. Indian J Community Med. 2010;35(1):70. doi:10.4103/0970-0218.62564
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Atif M, Sarwar MR, Azeem M, Naz M, Amir S, Nazir K. Assessment of core drug use indicators using WHO/INRUD methodology at primary healthcare centers in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16(1):684. doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1932-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Balushi K, Al-Sawafi F, Al-Ghafri F, Al-Zakwani I. Drug utilization pattern in an Omani pediatric population. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2013;4(3):68. doi:10.4103/0976-0105.118808
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Awodele O, Adewoye AA, Oparah AC. Assessment of medical waste management in seven hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):1–11. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2916-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi T, Hutin YJ-F, Bulterys M, Altaf A, Allegranzi B. Injection practices in 2011–2015: a review using data from the demographic and health surveys (DHS). BMC Health Serv Res. 2019;19(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4366-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharif S, Nassar A, Al-Hamami F, Hassanein M, Elmi A, Sharif R. Trends of pediatric outpatients prescribing in Umm Al Quwain, United Arab Emirates. Pharmacol Pharm. 2015;06:9–16. doi:10.4236/pp.2015.61002
   Google Scholar
• Taglione MS, Ahmad H, Slater M, et al. Development of a preliminary essential medicines list for Canada. CMAJ Open. 2017;5(1):E137. doi:10.9778/cmajo.20160122
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gustafsson LL, Wettermark B, Godman B, et al. The “wise list”–a comprehensive concept to select, communicate and achieve adherence to recommendations of essential drugs in ambulatory care in Stockholm. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2011;108(4):224–233. doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00682.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturkenboom MCJM, Verhamme KMC, Nicolosi A, et al. Drug use in children: cohort study in three European countries. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 2008;337:337. doi:10.1136/bmj.a2245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAP. National Action Plan to combat antimicrobial resistance in Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (2018–2022); 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Nazer LH, Tuffaha H. Health care and pharmacy practice in Jordan. Can J Hosp Pharm. 2017;70(2):150. doi:10.4212/cjhp.v70i2.1649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar