Influence of Flax Seeds on the Gut Microbiota of Elderly Patients with Constipation

References

• Huang L, Zhu Q, Qu X, Qin H. Microbial treatment in chronic constipation. Sci China Life Sci. 2018;61:744–752. doi:10.1007/s11427-017-9220-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baffy N, Foxx-Orenstein AE, Harris LA, Sterler S. Intractable constipation in the elderly. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2017;15(3):363–381. doi:10.1007/s11938-017-0142-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mearin F, Lacy BE, Chang L, et al. Bowel disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(6):1393–1407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forootan M, Bagheri N, Darvishi M. Chronic constipation. Medicine. 2018;97(20):e10631. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000010631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmanuel A, Mattace-Raso F, Neri MC, Petersen KU, Rey E, Rogers J. Constipation in older people: a consensus statement. Int J Clin Pract. 2017;71:e12920.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanif Palla A, Gilani AH. Dual effectiveness of Flaxseed in constipation and diarrhea: possible mechanism. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;169:60–68. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winnik S, Lohmann C, Richter EK, et al. Dietary α-linolenic acid diminishes experimental atherogenesis and restricts T cell-driven inflammation. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(20):2573–2584. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagkouvardos I, Kläring K, Heinzmann SS, et al. Gut metabolites and bacterial community networks during a pilot intervention study with flaxseeds in healthy adult men. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015;59(8):1614–1628. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201500125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drossman DA. Rome IV–functional GI disorders: disorders of gut-brain interaction. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(6):1257–1261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane MM, Czyzewski DI, Chumpitazi BP, Shulman RJ. Reliability and validity of a modified Bristol stool form scale for children. J Pediatr. 2011;159:437–441.e431. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.03.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agachan F, Chen T, Pfeifer J, Reissman P, Wexner SD. A constipation scoring system to simplify evaluation and management of constipated patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39(6):681–685. doi:10.1007/BF02056950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caporaso JG, Kuczynski J, Stombaugh J, et al. QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat Methods. 2010;7(5):335–336. doi:10.1038/nmeth.f.303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeSantis TZ, Hugenholtz P, Larsen N, et al. Greengenes, a chimera-checked 16S rRNA gene database and workbench compatible with ARB. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006;72(7):5069–5072. doi:10.1128/AEM.03006-05
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill SR, Pop M, Deboy RT, et al. Metagenomic analysis of the human distal gut microbiome. Science. 2006;312(5778):1355–1359. doi:10.1126/science.1124234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schäffer AA, et al. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997;25(17):3389–3402. doi:10.1093/nar/25.17.3389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paliy O, Shankar V. Application of multivariate statistical techniques in microbial ecology. Mol Ecol. 2016;25(5):1032–1057. doi:10.1111/mec.13536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buttigieg PL, Ramette A. A guide to statistical analysis in microbial ecology: a community-focused, living review of multivariate data analyses. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2014;90(3):543–550. doi:10.1111/1574-6941.12437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corsetti M, Brown S, Chiarioni G, et al. Chronic constipation in adults: contemporary perspectives and clinical challenges. 2: conservative, behavioural, medical and surgical treatment. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021;33(7):e14070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bharucha AE, Lacy BE. Mechanisms, evaluation, and management of chronic constipation. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(5):1232–1249.e1233. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucak S, Lunsford TN, Harris LA. Evaluation and treatment of constipation in the geriatric population. Clin Geriatr Med. 2021;37(1):85–102. doi:10.1016/j.cger.2020.08.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian Y, Zuo L, Guo Q, et al. Potential role of fecal microbiota in patients with constipation. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2020;13:1756284820968423. doi:10.1177/1756284820968423
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan M, Sun X, Ma N, et al. Polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica alleviated metabolic syndrome in BALB/c mice by normalizing the gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol. 2019;121:996–1004. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu J, Zhou X, Chen C, et al. Laxative effects of partially defatted flaxseed meal on normal and experimental constipated mice. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12(1):14. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soltanian N, Janghorbani M. A randomized trial of the effects of flaxseed to manage constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids in constipated patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab. 2018;15(1):36. doi:10.1186/s12986-018-0273-z
   Google Scholar
• Guo M, Yao J, Yang F, et al. The composition of intestinal microbiota and its association with functional constipation of the elderly patients. Future Microbiol. 2020;15(3):163–175. doi:10.2217/fmb-2019-0283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun J, Bai H, Ma J, et al. Effects of flaxseed supplementation on functional constipation and quality of life in a Chinese population: a randomized trial. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020;29(1):61–67. doi:10.6133/apjcn.202003_29(1).0009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang C, Xu Z, Deng Q, Huang Q, Wang X, Huang F. Beneficial effects of flaxseed polysaccharides on metabolic syndrome via gut microbiota in high-fat diet fed mice. Food Res Int. 2020;131:108994. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan Y, Wang F, Yuan J, et al. Effects of dietary fat on gut microbiota and faecal metabolites, and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors: a 6-month randomised controlled-feeding trial. Gut. 2019;68(8):1417–1429. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma MS, Fink MJ, Salmon GL, et al. A common mechanism links activities of butyrate in the colon. ACS Chem Biol. 2018;13(5):1291–1298. doi:10.1021/acschembio.8b00073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parthasarathy G, Chen J, Chen X, et al. Relationship between microbiota of the colonic mucosa vs feces and symptoms, colonic transit, and methane production in female patients with chronic constipation. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(2):367–379.e361. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen NK, Deehan EC, Zhang Z, et al. Gut microbiota modulation with long-chain corn bran arabinoxylan in adults with overweight and obesity is linked to an individualized temporal increase in fecal propionate. Microbiome. 2020;8(1):118. doi:10.1186/s40168-020-00887-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolodziejczyk AA, Zheng D, Elinav E. Diet–microbiota interactions and personalized nutrition. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019;17(12):742–753. doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0256-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLuca JAA, Garcia-Villatoro EL, Allred CD. Flaxseed bioactive compounds and colorectal cancer prevention. Curr Oncol Rep. 2018;20(8):59. doi:10.1007/s11912-018-0704-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad N, Manzoor MF, Shabbir U, et al. Health lipid indices and physicochemical properties of dual fortified yogurt with extruded flaxseed omega fatty acids and fibers for hypercholesterolemic subjects. Food Sci Nutr. 2020;8(1):273–280. doi:10.1002/fsn3.1302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parikh M, Kura B, O’Hara KA, et al. Cardioprotective effects of dietary flaxseed post-infarction are associated with changes in MicroRNA expression. Biomolecules. 2020;10(9):1297. doi:10.3390/biom10091297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han Y, Deng X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhu X. Antidepressant‐like effect of flaxseed in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;10:e01626.
   Google Scholar