1,258
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REVIEW

An Integrative Systematic Review of Promoting Patient Safety Within Prehospital Emergency Medical Services by Paramedics: A Role Theory Perspective

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 1385-1400 | Received 18 Jan 2024, Accepted 29 Feb 2024, Published online: 26 Mar 2024

References

  • Millin MG, Hawkins SC. Wilderness emergency medical services systems. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2017;35(2):377–389. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2016.12.001
  • Coster JE, Turner JK, Bradbury D, Cantrell A. Why do people choose emergency and urgent care services? A rapid review utilizing a systematic literature search and narrative synthesis. Acad Emerg Med. 2017;24(9):1137–1149. doi:10.1111/acem.13220
  • Blackmore TA. What is the role of paramedics in palliative and end of life care? Palliat Med. 2022;36(3):402–404. doi:10.1177/02692163211073263
  • O’Meara PF, Furness S, Gleeson RAY. Educating paramedics for the future: a holistic approach. J Health Human Serv Administr. 2017;40(2):219–253.
  • Givati A, Markham C, Street K. The bargaining of professionalism in emergency care practice: NHS paramedics and higher education. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2018;23(2):353–369. doi:10.1007/s10459-017-9802-1
  • Chan J, Griffith LE, Costa AP, Leyenaar MS, Agarwal G. Community paramedicine: a systematic review of program descriptions and training. Cjem. 2019;21(6):749–761. doi:10.1017/cem.2019.14
  • Eaton G, Wong G, Tierney S, Roberts N, Williams V, Mahtani KR. Understanding the role of the paramedic in primary care: a realist review. BMC Med. 2021;19(1):145. doi:10.1186/s12916-021-02019-z
  • Janerka C, Leslie GD, Mellan M, Arendts G. Review article: prehospital telehealth for emergency care: a scoping review. Emerg Med Australas. 2023;35(4):540–552. doi:10.1111/1742-6723.14224
  • Tavares W, Bowles R, Donelon B. Informing a Canadian paramedic profile: framing concepts, roles and crosscutting themes. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16(1):477. doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1739-1
  • Bigham BL, Nolan B, Patterson PD. Patient safety culture: clinical practice and systems oversight. In: Cone DC, Brice JH, Delbridge TR, Myers JB, editors. Emergency Medical Services. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley; 2021:413–423.
  • Shepard K, Spencer S, Kelly C, Wankhade P. Staff perceptions of patient safety in the NHS ambulance services: an exploratory qualitative study. Br Paramed J. 2022;6(4):18–25. doi:10.29045/14784726.2022.03.6.4.18
  • Hansen K, Boyle A, Holroyd B, et al. Updated framework on quality and safety in emergency medicine. Emerg Med J. 2020;37(7):437–442. doi:10.1136/emermed-2019-209290
  • Fisher JD, Freeman K, Clarke A, et al. Health Services and Delivery Research. Patient Safety in Ambulance Services: A Scoping Review. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2015. PMID: 25996021.
  • Mausz J, Donnelly EA, Moll S, Harms S, McConnell M. Role identity, dissonance, and distress among paramedics. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(4):2115. doi:10.3390/ijerph19042115
  • O’Connor P, O’Malley R, Oglesby AM, Lambe K, Lydon S. Measurement and monitoring patient safety in prehospital care: a systematic review. Int J Qual Health Care. 2021;33(1):mzab013. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzab013
  • Alburaidi AS, Al-Wathinani AM, Aljuaid MM, Almuhaidly AS, Goniewicz K. Sustainable resilience in healthcare delivery: a comparative study on safety awareness in hospital-based and pre-hospital ems in times of crisis. Sustainability. 2023;15(15):11593. doi:10.3390/su151511593
  • Whittemore R, Knafl K. The integrative review: updated methodology. J Adv Nurs. 2005;52(5):546–553. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x
  • JBI. JBI critical appraisal tools. Avaialble from: https://jbi.global/critical-appraisal-tools. Accessed February 15, 2024.
  • Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919. doi:10.1136/bmj.i4919
  • Utley R, Henry K, Smith L. Role-related frameworks. In: Frameworks for Advanced Nursing Practice and Research. New York: Springer Publishing Company; 2018:217–232.
  • Brookes K, Davidson PM, Daly J, Halcomb EJ. Role theory: a framework to investigate the community nurse role in contemporary health care systems. Contemp Nurse. 2007;25(1–2):146–155. doi:10.5172/conu.2007.25.1-2.146
  • Hardy M, Conway M. Role Theory: Perspectives for Health Professionals. 2nd ed. California: Appleton and Lange; 1988.
  • Barr N, Holmes M, Roiko A, Dunn P, Lord B. Self-reported behaviors and perceptions of Australian paramedics in relation to hand hygiene and gloving practices in paramedic-led health care. Am J Infect Control. 2017;45(7):771–778. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2017.02.020
  • Bury G, Thompson A, Tobin H, Egan M. Ireland’s assisted decision making capacity act-The potential for unintended effects in critical emergencies: a cross-sectional study of advanced paramedic decision making. Ir J Med Sci. 2019;188(4):1143–1148. doi:10.1007/s11845-019-01994-w
  • Thorvaldsen N, Bergem AK, Holst Ø, Häikiö K. Coercion in the ambulance setting. Tidsskr nor Laegeforen. 2022;142(14). doi:10.4045/tidsskr.22.0086
  • Munjal KG, Yeturu SK, Chapin HH, et al. Feasibility of the transport PLUS intervention to improve the transitions of care for patients transported home by ambulance: a non-randomized pilot study. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2022;8(1):169. doi:10.1186/s40814-022-01138-5
  • Vicente V, Svensson L, Wireklint Sundström B, Sjöstrand F, Castren M. Randomized controlled trial of a prehospital decision system by emergency medical services to ensure optimal treatment for older adults in Sweden. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(7):1281–1287. doi:10.1111/jgs.12888
  • Backman T, Juuso P, Borg R, Engström Å. Ambulance nurses’ experiences of deciding a patient does not require ambulance care. Nurs Open. 2019;6(3):783–789. doi:10.1002/nop2.255
  • Burrell L, Noble A, Ridsdale L. Decision-making by ambulance clinicians in London when managing patients with epilepsy: a qualitative study. Emerg Med J. 2013;30(3):236–240. doi:10.1136/emermed-2011-200388
  • O’Hara R, Johnson M, Siriwardena AN, et al. A qualitative study of systemic influences on paramedic decision making: care transitions and patient safety. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2015;20(1 Suppl):45–53. doi:10.1177/1355819614558472
  • Reuter E, Camba JD. Understanding emergency workers’ behavior and perspectives on design and safety in the workplace. Appl Ergon. 2017;59(Pt A):73–83. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.08.023
  • Rosen T, Lien C, Stern ME, et al. Emergency medical services perspectives on identifying and reporting victims of elder abuse, neglect, and self-neglect. J Emerg Med. 2017;53(4):573–582. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.04.021
  • Stander C, Hodkinson P, Dippenaar E. Prehospital care providers’ understanding of responsibilities during a behavioural emergency. S Afr J Psychiatr. 2021;27:1545. doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1545
  • Vähäkangas P, Nordquist H, Terkamo-Moisio A. Urgent hospital transfers - The experiences and required skills of paramedics. Int Emerg Nurs. 2023;67:101269. doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2023.101269
  • Ho JD, Ansari RK, Page D. Hand sanitization rates in an urban emergency medical services system. J Emerg Med. 2014;47(2):163–168. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.08.070
  • Sinclair JE, Austin MA, Bourque C, et al. Barriers to self-reporting patient safety incidents by paramedics: a mixed methods study. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2018;22(6):762–772. doi:10.1080/10903127.2018.1469703
  • Hagiwara MA, Magnusson C, Herlitz J, et al. Adverse events in prehospital emergency care: a trigger tool study. BMC Emerg Med. 2019;19(1):14. doi:10.1186/s12873-019-0228-3
  • Larouche D, Corbeil P, Bellemare M, Authier M, Prairie J, Hegg-Deloye S. To what extent do paramedics apply safe handling principles when transferring patients from stair chairs to stretchers? Ergonomics. 2019;62(10):1313–1326. doi:10.1080/00140139.2019.1641629
  • Eaton G, Wong G, Williams V, Roberts N, Mahtani KR. Contribution of paramedics in primary and urgent care: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract. 2020;70(695):e421–e426. doi:10.3399/bjgp20X709877
  • von Vopelius-Feldt J, Benger J. Who does what in prehospital critical care? An analysis of competencies of paramedics, critical care paramedics and prehospital physicians. Emerg Med J. 2014;31(12):1009–1013. doi:10.1136/emermed-2013-202895
  • Anderson N, Slark J, Gott M. How are ambulance personnel prepared and supported to withhold or terminate resuscitation and manage patient death in the field? A scoping review. Austr J Paramed. 2019;16:1–11. doi:10.33151/ajp.16.697
  • Koski A, Sumanen H. The risk factors Finnish paramedics recognize when performing emergency response driving. Accid Anal Prev. 2019;125:40–48. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2019.01.021
  • Murray E, Krahé C, Goodsman D. Are medical students in prehospital care at risk of moral injury? Emerg Med J. 2018;35(10):590–594. doi:10.1136/emermed-2017-207216
  • Sjölin H, Lindström V, Hult H, Ringsted C, Kurland L. What an ambulance nurse needs to know: a content analysis of curricula in the specialist nursing programme in prehospital emergency care. Int Emerg Nurs. 2015;23(2):127–132. doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2014.09.002
  • Shields A, Flin R. Paramedics’ non-technical skills: a literature review. Emerg Med J. 2013;30(5):350–354. doi:10.1136/emermed-2012-201422
  • Jensen JL, Al-Dhalaan F, Rose J, et al. Paramedic clinical consults with a paramedic or nurse in an ems communications center compared to traditional online physician consults. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2022:1–7. doi:10.1080/10903127.2022.2152512
  • Verelst S, Wouters P, Gillet JB, Van den Berghe G. Emergency department crowding in relation to in-hospital adverse medical events: a large prospective observational cohort study. J Emerg Med. 2015;49(6):949–961. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.05.034
  • Becker LR, Spicer R. Feasibility for an EMS Workforce Safety and Health Surveillance System. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Available from: https://www.ems.gov/assets/EMS_Workforce_Feasability.pdf. Accessed February 15, 2024.
  • Lawn S, Roberts L, Willis E, Couzner L, Mohammadi L, Goble E. The effects of emergency medical service work on the psychological, physical, and social well-being of ambulance personnel: a systematic review of qualitative research. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):348. doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02752-4
  • Rudman JS, Farcas A, Salazar GA, et al. Diversity, equity, and inclusion in the United States emergency medical services workforce: a scoping review. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2023;27(4):385–397. doi:10.1080/10903127.2022.2130485
  • Donnelly EA, Bradford P, Davis M, et al. What influences safety in paramedicine? Understanding the impact of stress and fatigue on safety outcomes. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open. 2020;1(4):460–473. doi:10.1002/emp2.12123
  • Simon JR, Kraus C, Rosenberg M, Wang DH, Clayborne EP, Derse AR. “Futile Care”-an emergency medicine approach: ethical and legal considerations. Ann Emerg Med. 2017;70(5):707–713. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.06.005
  • Murray E. Moral injury and paramedic practice. J Param Pract. 2019;11(10):424–425. doi:10.12968/jpar.2019.11.10.424
  • Dainty KN, Seaton MB, Drennan IR, Morrison LJ. Home visit-based community paramedicine and its potential role in improving patient-centered primary care: a grounded theory study and framework. Health Serv Res. 2018;53(5):3455–3470. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12855
  • Perona M, Rahman MA, O’Meara P. Paramedic judgement, decision-making and cognitive processing: a review of the literature. Austr J Paramed. 2019;16:1–12. doi:10.33151/ajp.16.586
  • Troyer L, Brady W. Barriers to effective EMS to emergency department information transfer at patient handover: a systematic review. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(7):1494–1503. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.036
  • Dúason S, Gunnarsson B, Svavarsdóttir MH. Patient handover between ambulance crew and healthcare professionals in Icelandic emergency departments: a qualitative study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2021;29(1):21. doi:10.1186/s13049-021-00829-x
  • Pryce A, Unwin M, Kinsman L, McCann D. Delayed flow is a risk to patient safety: a mixed method analysis of emergency department patient flow. Int Emerg Nurs. 2021;54:100956. doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100956
  • Ebben RHA, Vloet LCM, Speijers RF, et al. A patient-safety and professional perspective on non-conveyance in ambulance care: a systematic review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2017;25(1):71. doi:10.1186/s13049-017-0409-6
  • Paulin J, Kurola J, Koivisto M, Iirola T. EMS non-conveyance: a safe practice to decrease ED crowding or a threat to patient safety? BMC Emerg Med. 2021;21(1):115. doi:10.1186/s12873-021-00508-1
  • Kennedy S, Kenny A, O’Meara P. Student paramedic experience of transition into the workforce: a scoping review. Nurse Educ Today. 2015;35(10):1037–1043. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2015.04.015
  • Wilson C, Howell AM, Janes G, Benn J. The role of feedback in emergency ambulance services: a qualitative interview study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22(1):296. doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07676-1
  • Venesoja A, Lindström V, Castrén M, Tella S. Prehospital nursing students’ experiences of patient safety culture in emergency medical services-A qualitative study. J Clin Nurs. 2023;32(5–6):847–858. doi:10.1111/jocn.16396
  • Lydon S, Masterson S, Deasy C, O’Connor P. Progressing patient safety in the Emergency Medical Services. BMJ Qual Saf. 2023;32(10):562–565. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2023-016184
  • Morrison L, Cassidy L, Welsford M, Chan TM. Clinical performance feedback to paramedics: what they receive and what they need. AEM Educ Train. 2017;1(2):87–97. doi:10.1002/aet2.10028
  • Hyvämäki P, Sneck S, Meriläinen M, Pikkarainen M, Kääriäinen M, Jansson M. Interorganizational health information exchange-related patient safety incidents: a descriptive register-based qualitative study. Int J Med Inform. 2023;174:105045. doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105045
  • Meadley B, Humar M, Salathiel R, McManamny T. Advancing paramedicine: error, accountability and patient safety. Paramedicine. 2023;20(6):214–218. doi:10.1177/27536386231189006