References
- Janssen SA. Negative affect and sensitization to pain. Scand J Psychol. 2002;43(2):131–137. doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00278
- Leventhal H, Brown D, Shacham S, Engquist G. Effects of preparatory information about sensations, threat of pain, and attention on cold pressor distress. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1979;37(5):688–714. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.5.688
- Quartana PJ, Burns JW, Lofland KR. Attentional Strategy Moderates Effects of Pain Catastrophizing on Symptom-Specific Physiological Responses in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients. J Behav Med. 2007;30(3):221–231. doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9101-z
- Morley S, Eccleston C, Williams A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive behaviour therapy and behaviour therapy for chronic pain in adults, excluding headache. Pain. 1999;80(1):1–13. doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00255-3
- Flor H. Psychological pain interventions and neurophysiology: implications for a mechanism-based approach. Am Psychol. 2014;69(2):188–196. doi:10.1037/a0035254
- Pascalis VD, Magurano MR, Bellusci A. Pain perception, somatosensory event-related potentials and skin conductance responses to painful stimuli in high, mid, and low hypnotizable subjects: effects of differential pain reduction strategies☆. Pain. 1999;83(3):499–508. doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00157-8
- Farthing GW, Venturino M, Brown SW, Lazar JD. Internal and External Distraction in the Control of Cold-pressor Pain as a Function of Hypnotizability. Int J Clin Exp Hypnosis. 1997;45(4):433–446. doi:10.1080/00207149708416142
- Patterson DR, Jensen MP. Hypnosis and clinical pain. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(4):495–521. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.495
- Anderson RA, Baron R, Logan H. Distraction, Control, and Dental Stress1. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1991;21(2):156–171. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00494.x
- Fauerbach J, Lawrence J, Haythornthwaite J, Richter L. Coping with the stress of a painful medical procedure. Behav Res Ther. 2002;40(9):1003–1015. doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00079-1
- Duker PC, Bercken JVD, Foekens M-A. Focusing versus distraction and the response to clinical electric shocks. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1999;30(3):199–204. doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(99)00025-7
- Fuchs P, Moreau G, Guitton P. Virtual Reality: Concepts and Technologies. Boca Raton, Fl: CRC Press; 2011.
- Sadowski W, Stanney K. Presence in Virtual Environments. In: Stanney KM Editor. Handbook of Virtual Environments: Design, Implementation, and Applications. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers; 2002:791–806.
- Hinds PS, Martin J. Hopefulness and the Self-Sustaining Process in Adolescents with Cancer. Nurs Res. 1988;37(6):6. doi:10.1097/00006199-198811000-00005
- Sylvestre JC. A Process-Oriented Approach to the Study of Coping by Disengagement and Distraction. [Unedited Document]. Guelph: University of Guelph; 2000.
- Schneider SM, Workman M. Effects of Virtual Reality on Symptom Distress in Children Receiving Chemotherapy. CyberPsychol Behav. 1999;2(2):125–134. doi:10.1089/cpb.1999.2.125
- Dumoulin S, Bouchard S, Rivard V. Est-ce que la réalité virtuelle est un moyen efficace de gérer la douleur aiguë? Revue Québecoise de Psychologie. 2007;28(2):65–91.
- Malloy KM, Milling LS. The effectiveness of virtual reality distraction for pain reduction: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010;30(8):1011–1018. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.07.001
- Sulea C, Soomro A, Boyd C, Wiederhold BK. Pain Management in Virtual Reality: A Comprehensive Research Chart. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2014;17(6):402–413. doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.1514
- Mott J, Bucolo S, Cuttle L, et al. The efficacy of an augmented virtual reality system to alleviate pain in children undergoing burns dressing changes: A randomised controlled trial. Burns. 2008;34(6):803–808. doi:10.1016/j.burns.2007.10.010
- Das DA, Grimmer KA, Sparnon AL, Mcrae SE, Thomas BH. The efficacy of playing a virtual reality game in modulating pain for children with acute burn injuries: A randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN87413556]. BMC Pediatr. 2005;5(1):1. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-5-1
- Hoffman HG, Doctor JN, Patterson DR, Carrougher GJ, Furness TA. Virtual reality as an adjunctive pain control during burn wound care in adolescent patients. Pain. 2000;85(1):305–309. doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00275-4
- Sullivan C, Schneider PE, Musselman RJ, Dummett CO, Gardiner D. The effect of virtual reality during dental treatment on child anxiety and behavior. ASDC J Dent Child. 2000;67(3):193–196.
- Gold JI, Kim SH, Kant AJ, Joseph MH, Rizzo A. Effectiveness of Virtual Reality for Pediatric Pain Distraction during IV Placement. CyberPsychol Behav. 2006;9(2):207–212. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.207
- Gershon J, Zimand E, Lemos R, Rothbaum BO, Hodges L. Use of Virtual Reality as a Distractor for Painful Procedures in a Patient with Pediatric Cancer: A Case Study. CyberPsychol Behav. 2003;6(6):657–661. doi:10.1089/109493103322725450
- Gershon J, Zimand E, Pickering M, Rothbaum BO, Hodges L, Pilot A. Feasibility Study of Virtual Reality as a Distraction for Children With Cancer. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;43(10):1243–1249. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000135621.23145.05
- Wint SS, Eshelman D, Steele J, Guzzetta CE. Effects of Distraction Using Virtual Reality Glasses During Lumbar Punctures in Adolescents With Cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2002;29(1):1. doi:10.1188/02.onf.e8-e15
- Steele E, Grimmer K, Thomas B, Mulley B, Fulton I, Hoffman H. Virtual Reality as a Pediatric Pain Modulation Technique: A Case Study. CyberPsychol Behav. 2003;6(6):633–638. doi:10.1089/109493103322725405
- Lee D, Chan A, Wong S, et al. Can Visual Distraction Decrease the Dose of Patient-Controlled Sedation Required During Colonoscopy? A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Endoscopy. 2004;36(03):197–201. doi:10.1055/s-2004-814247
- Davis M, Vasterling J, Bransfield D, Burish TG. Behavioural interventions in coping with cancer-related pain. Br J Guid Counc. 1987;15(1):17–28. doi:10.1080/03069888708251640
- Mccaul KD, Malott JM. Distraction and coping with pain. Psychol Bull. 1984;95(3):516–533. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.516
- Mccaffery M. Nursing approaches to nonpharmacological pain control. Int J Nurs Stud. 1990;27(1):1–5. doi:10.1016/0020-7489(90)90018-e
- Melzack R, Wall PD. The Challenge of Pain. New York: Basic Books; 1983.
- Eccleston C, Crombez G. Pain demands attention: A cognitive–affective model of the interruptive function of pain. Psychol Bull. 1999;125(3):356–366. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.3.356
- Price DD. Classical and current theories of pain mechanisms. In: Price DD, editor. Psychological and Neural Mechanisms of Pain. New York: Raven Press; 1988:212–231.
- Villemure C, Bushnell CM. Cognitive modulation of pain: how do attention and emotion influence pain processing? Pain. 2002;95(3):195–199. doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00007-6
- Farthing GW, Venturino M, Brown SW. Suggestion and distraction in the control of pain: test of two hypotheses. J Abnorm Psychol. 1984;93(3):266–276. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.93.3.266
- Mühlberger A, Wieser MJ, Kenntner-Mabiala R, Pauli P, Wiederhold BK. Pain Modulation during Drives through Cold and Hot Virtual Environments. CyberPsychol Behav. 2007;10(4):516–522. doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.9996
- Maltzman S. Visual stimuli in distraction strategies for increasing pain tolerance: the confounding of affect with other stimulus characteristics. Pav J Bio Sci. 1988;23(2):67–74.
- Graydon J, Eysenck MW. Distraction and cognitive performance. Eur J Cogn Psychol. 1989;1(2):161–179. doi:10.1080/09541448908403078
- Dumoulin S, Loranger C, Gougeon V, Bouchard S, Lavoie KL Are cognitive load and focus of attention the main variables in pain management: an experimental study using a cold-pressor test and virtual reality. Poster presented at: 45th Annual Convention of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy (ABCT); 2011; Toronto, ON.
- Turk DC, Meichenbaum D, Genest M. Pain and Behavioral Medicine: A Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective. New York: The Guilford Press; 1983.
- Jensen MP, Karoly P. Self-report scales and procedures for assessing pain in adults. In: Turk DC, Melzack R, editors. Handbook of Pain Assessment. New York: The Guilford Press; 2001:15–34.
- Melzack R, Katz J. The McGill Pain Questionnaire: appraisal and current status. In: Turk DC, Melzack R, editors. Handbook of Pain Assessment. New York: The Guilford Press; 2001:35–52.
- Melzack R. The short-form McGill pain questionnaire. Pain. 1987;30(2):191–197. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(87)91074-8
- Strand LI, Ljunggren AE, Bogen B, Ask T, Johnsen TB. The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire as an outcome measure: test-retest reliability and responsiveness to change. Eur J Pain. 2008;12(7):917–925. doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.12.013
- Burckhardt CS, Bjelle A, Swedish A. Version of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Scand J Rheumatol. 1994;23(2):77–81. doi:10.3109/03009749409103032
- Wender R, Hoffman HG, Hunner HH, Seiber EJ, Patterson DR, Sharar SR. Interactivity influences the magnitude of virtual reality analgesia. J Cyber Ther Rehabil. 2009;2(1):27–33.
- Hoffman HG, Sharar SR, Coda B, et al. Manipulating presence influences the magnitude of virtual reality analgesia. Pain. 2004;111(1):162–168. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.06.013
- Dahlquist LM, Mckenna KD, Jones KK, Dillinger L, Weiss KE, Ackerman CS. Active and passive distraction using a head-mounted display helmet: effects on cold pressor pain in children. Health Psychol. 2007;26(6):794–801. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.26.6.794
- Loreto-Quijada D, Gutiérrez-Maldonado J, Nieto R, et al. Differential Effects of Two Virtual Reality Interventions: distraction Versus Pain Control. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2014;17(6):353–358. doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0057
- Triberti S, Repetto C, Riva G. Psychological Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality–Based Analgesia: A Systematic Review. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2014;17(6):335–345. doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0054