Ultrasound-Guided Multilevel Thoracic Paravertebral Block and Its Efficacy for Surgical Anesthesia During Primary Breast Cancer Surgery

References

• Coveney E, Weltz CR, Greengrass R, et al. Use of paravertebral block anesthesia in the surgical management of breast cancer - experience in 156 cases. Ann Surg. 1998;227:496–501. doi:10.1097/00000658-199804000-00008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greengrass R, O’Brien F, Lyerly K, et al. Paravertebral block for breast cancer surgery. Can J Anaesth. 1996;43(8):858–861. doi:10.1007/BF03013039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najarian MM, Johnson JM, Landercasper J, Havlik P, Lambert PJ, McCarthy D. PVB: an alternative to GA in breast cancer sugery. Am J Surg. 2003;69:213–218.
   Google Scholar
• Weltz CR, Greengrass RA, Lyerly HK. Ambulatory surgical management of breast carcinoma using paravertebral block [see comments]. Ann Surg. 1995;222(1):19–26. doi:10.1097/00000658-199507000-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das S, Bhattacharya P, Mandal MC, Mukhopadhyay S, Basu SR, Mandol BK. Multiple-injection thoracic paravertebral block as an alternative to general anaesthesia for elective breast surgeries: a randomised controlled trial. Indian J Anaesth. 2012;56(1):27–33. doi:10.4103/0019-5049.93340
   Google Scholar
• D’Ercole FJ, Scott D, Bell E, Klein SM, Greengrass RA. Paravertebral blockade for modified radical mastectomy in a pregnant patient. Anesth Analg. 1999;88(6):1351–1353. doi:10.1213/00000539-199906000-00029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naja MZ, Ziade MF, Lonnqvist PA. Nerve-stimulator guided paravertebral blockade vs. general anaesthesia for breast surgery: a prospective randomized trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2003;20(11):897–903. doi:10.1097/00003643-200311000-00007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheema S, Richardson J, McGurgan P. Factors affecting the spread of bupivacaine in the adult TPV space. Anaesthesia. 2003;58(7):684–711. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03189_1.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karmakar MK, Critchley LA, Ho AM, Gin T, Lee TW, Yim AP. Continuous thoracic paravertebral infusion of bupivacaine for pain management in patients with multiple fractured ribs. Chest. 2003;123(2):424–431. doi:10.1378/chest.123.2.424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naja ZM, El-Rajab M, Al-Tannir MA, et al. Thoracic paravertebral block: influence of the number of injections. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2006;31(3):196–201. doi:10.1016/j.rapm.2005.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krediet AC, Moayeri N, van Geffen GJ, et al. Different approaches to ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block: an illustrated review. Anesthesiology. 2015;123(2):459–474. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibata Y, Nishiwaki K. Ultrasound-guided intercostal approach to thoracic paravertebral block. Anesth Analg. 2009;109(3):996–997. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181af7e7b
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdallah FW, Morgan PJ, Cil T, et al. Ultrasound-guided multilevel paravertebral blocks and total intravenous anesthesia improve the quality of recovery after ambulatory breast tumor resection. Anesthesiology. 2014;120(3):703–713. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000436117.52143.bc
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hara K, Sakura S, Nomura T, Saito Y. Ultrasound guided thoracic paravertebral block in breast surgery. Anaesthesia. 2009;64(2):223–224. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2008.05843.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldrete JA, Kroulik D. Postanesthetic recovery score. Anesth Analg. 1970;49:924–934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luyet C, Herrmann G, Ross S, et al. Ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral puncture and placement of catheters in human cadavers: where do catheters go? Br J Anaesth. 2011;106(2):246–254. doi:10.1093/bja/aeq309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw WM, Hollis NY. Medial approach for paravertebral somatic nerve block. JAMA. 1952;148(9):742–744. doi:10.1001/jama.1952.62930090012012e
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans PJ, Lloyd JW, Wood GJ. Accidental intrathecal injection of bupivacaine and dextran. Anaesthesia. 1981;36(7):685–687. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1981.tb08781.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharrock NE. Postural headache following thoracic somatic paravertebral nerve block. Anesthesiology. 1980;52(4):360–362. doi:10.1097/00000542-198004000-00017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahiri Y, Tran DQ, Bouteaud J, et al. General anaesthesia versus thoracic paravertebral block for breast surgery: a meta-analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64(10):1261–1269. doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2011.03.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thavaneswaran P, Rudkin GE, Cooter RD, Moyes DG, Perera CL, Maddern GJ. Paravertebral block for anesthesia: a systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2010;110(6):1740–1744. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181da82c8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodworth GE, Ivie RMJ, Nelson SM, Walker CM, Maniker RB. Perioperative breast analgesia: a qualitative review of anatomy and regional techniques. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017;42(5):609–631. doi:10.1097/AAP.0000000000000641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porzionato A, Macchi V, Stecco C, Loukas M, Tubbs RS, De Caro R. Surgical anatomy of the pectoral nerves and the pectoral musculature. Clin Anat. 2012;25(5):559–575. doi:10.1002/ca.21301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mense S. Nociception from skeletal muscle in relation to clinical muscle pain. Pain. 1993;54(3):241–289. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(93)90027-M
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pawa A, Wight J, Onwochei DN, et al. Combined thoracic paravertebral and pectoral nerve blocks for breast surgery under sedation: a prospective observational case series. Anaesthesia. 2018;73(4):438–443. doi:10.1111/anae.14213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naja Z, Lonnqvist PA. Somatic paravertebral nerve blockade. Incidence of failed block and complications. Anaesthesia. 2001;56(12):1184–1188. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.02084-2.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar