Spinal cord stimulation for neuropathic pain: current perspectives

References

• FreynhagenRBaronRGockelUTölleTRpainDETECT: a new screening questionnaire to identify neuropathic components in patients with back painCurr Med Res Opin200622101911192017022849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FinnerupNBOttoMMcQuayHJJensenTSSindrupSHAlgorithm for neuropathic pain treatment: an evidence based proposalPain2005118328930516213659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KumarKRizviSCost-effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation therapy in management of chronic painPain Med201314111631164923710759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VyawahareBHallasNBrookesMTaylorRSEldabeSImpact of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance on medical technology uptake: analysis of the uptake of spinal cord stimulation in England 2008–2012BMJ Open201441e004182
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MelzackRWallPDPain mechanisms: a new theoryScience196515036999719795320816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShealyCNTaslitzNMortimerJTBeckerDPElectrical inhibition of pain: experimental evaluationAnesth Analg19674632993056067264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShealyCNMortimerJTReswickJBElectrical inhibition of pain by stimulation of the dorsal columns: preliminary clinical reportAnesth Analg19674644894914952225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShealyCNMortimerJTHagforsNRDorsal column electroanalgesiaJ Neurosurg19703255605645438096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NasholdBSJrFriedmanHDorsal column stimulation for control of pain. Preliminary report on 30 patientsJ Neurosurg19723655905975026545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HosobuchiYAdamsJEWeinsteinPRPreliminary percutaneous dorsal column stimulation prior to permanent implantation. Technical noteJ Neurosurg19723722422455046094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KrainickJUThodenUExperience with dorsal column stimulation (DCS) in the operative treatment of chronic intractable painJ Neurosurg Sci19741831871894377274
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TronnierVNeuromodulation for chronic pain conditionsBremenUni Med Verlag2003 German
   Google Scholar
• GrilloPJYuHCPattersonRHJrDelayed intraspinal hemorrhage after dorsal column stimulation for painArch Neurol19743011051064271318
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TaubACollinsWFVenesJPartial, reversible, functional spinal cord transection. A complication of dorsal column stimulation for the relief of painArch Neurol19743011071084808491
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NasholdBSomjenGFriedmanHParesthesias and EEG potentials evoked by stimulation of the dorsal funiculi in manExp Neurol19723622732875053355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarchiniJTchachaghianSShamaaFSpinal segmental and supraspinal mechanisms underlying the pain-relieving effects of spinal cord stimulation: an experimental study in a rat model of neuropathyNeuroscience201221519620822548781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YakhnitsaVLinderothBMeyersonBASpinal cord stimulation attenuates dorsal horn neuronal hyperexcitability in a rat model of mononeuropathyPain1999792–322323310068168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StillerCOCuiJGO’ConnorWTBrodinEMeyersonBALinderothBRelease of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the dorsal horn and suppression of tactile allodynia by spinal cord stimulation in mononeuropathic ratsNeurosurgery19963923673748832675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CuiJGO’ConnorWTUngerstedtULinderothBMeyersonBASpinal cord stimulation attenuates augmented dorsal horn release of excitatory amino acids in mononeuropathy via a GABAergic mechanismPain199773187959414060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LinderothBMeyersonBASpinal cord stimulation: exploration of the physiological basis of a widely used therapyAnesthesiology201011361265126721042195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CuiJGLinderothBMeyersonBAEffects of spinal cord stimulation on touch-evoked allodynia involve GABAergic mechanisms. An experimental study in the mononeuropathic ratPain1996662–32872958880852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchechtmannGSongZUlteniusCMeyersonBALinderothBCholinergic mechanisms involved in the pain relieving effect of spinal cord stimulation in a model of neuropathyPain2008139113614518472215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SongZMeyersonBALinderothBMuscarinic receptor activation potentiates the effect of spinal cord stimulation on pain-related behavior in rats with mononeuropathyNeurosci Lett2008436171218343581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SongZUlteniusCMeyersonBALinderothBPain relief by spinal cord stimulation involves serotonergic mechanisms: an experimental study in a rat model of mononeuropathyPain20091471–324124819836134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SaadéNETabetMSSoueidanSABitarMAtwehSFJabburSJSupraspinal modulation of nociception in awake rats by stimulation of the dorsal column nucleiBrain Res19863691–23073103697746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SaadéNEAtwehSFPrivatAJabburSJInhibitory effects from various types of dorsal column and raphe magnus stimulations on nociceptive withdrawal flexion reflexesBrain Res19998461728610536215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-KhouryCHawwaNBalikiMAtwehSFJabburSJSaadéNEAttenuation of neuropathic pain by segmental and supraspinal activation of the dorsal column system in awake ratsNeuroscience2002112354155312074897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GuanYWacnikPWYangFSpinal cord stimulation-induced analgesia: electrical stimulation of dorsal column and dorsal roots attenuates dorsal horn neuronal excitability in neuropathic ratsAnesthesiology201011361392140521068658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KumarKWilsonJRFactors affecting spinal cord stimulation outcome in chronic benign pain with suggestions to improve success rateActa Neurochir Suppl200797Pt 1919917691362
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SparkesERaphaelJHDuarteRVLeMarchandKJacksonCAshfordRLA systematic literature review of psychological characteristics as determinants of outcome for spinal cord stimulation therapyPain2010150228428920603026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WolterTFaulerIKieselbachKThe impact of psychological factors on outcomes for spinal cord stimulation: an analysis with long-term follow-upPain Physician201316326527523703413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrandwinMAKewmanDGMMPI indicators of treatment response to spinal epidural stimulation in patients with chronic pain and patients with movement disordersPsychol Rep1982513 Pt 2105910646220420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurchielKJAndersonVCBrownFDProspective, multicenter study of spinal cord stimulation for relief of chronic back and extremity painSpine19962123278627948979327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WolterTWinkelmüllerMContinuous versus intermittent spinal cord stimulation: an analysis of factors influencing clinical efficacyNeuromodulation20121511319 discussion 2022151660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De RidderDVannesteSPlazierMvan der LooEMenovskyTBurst spinal cord stimulation: toward paresthesia-free pain suppressionNeurosurgery201066598699020404705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De RidderDPlazierMKamerlingNMenovskyTVannesteSBurst spinal cord stimulation for limb and back painWorld Neurosurg201380564264923321375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van BuytenJPAl-KaisyASmetIPalmisaniSSmithTHigh-frequency spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic back pain patients: results of a prospective multicenter European clinical studyNeuromodulation2013161596523199157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-KaisyAVan BuytenJPSmetIPalmisaniSPangDSmithTSustained effectiveness of 10 kHz high-frequency spinal cord stimulation for patients with chronic, low back pain: 24-month results of a prospective multicenter studyPain Med201415334735424308759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PerruchoudCEldabeSBatterhamAMAnalgesic efficacy of high-frequency spinal cord stimulation: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled studyNeuromodulation2013164363369 discussion 36923425338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarolatGZemeSKetcikBMultifactorial analysis of epidural spinal cord stimulationStereotact Funct Neurosurg1991562771031947505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CameronTAloKMEffects of posture on stimulation parameters in spinal cord stimulationNeuromodulation19981417718322151029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OlinJCKiddDHNorthRBPostural changes in spinal cord stimulation perceptual thresholdsNeuromodulation19981417117522151028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HolsheimerJBarolatGStruijkJJHeJSignificance of the spinal cord position in spinal cord stimulationActa Neurochir Suppl (Wien)199564119124
   Google Scholar
• AbejonDFelerCAIs impedance a parameter to be taken into account in spinal cord stimulation?Pain Physician200710453354017660851
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HolsheimerJden BoerJAStruijkJJRozeboomARMR assessment of the normal position of the spinal cord in the spinal canalAJNR Am J Neuroradiol19941559519598059666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchadeCMSchultzDMTamayoNIyerSPankenEAutomatic adaptation of neurostimulation therapy in response to changes in patient position: results of the Posture Responsive Spinal Cord Stimulation (PRS) Research StudyPain Physician201114540741721927044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchultzDMWebsterLKosekPDarUTanYSunMSensor-driven position-adaptive spinal cord stimulation for chronic painPain Physician201215111222270733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LawJDSwettJKirschWMRetrospective analysis of 22 patients with chronic pain treated by peripheral nerve stimulationJ Neurosurg1980524482485
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BuschmannDOppelFPeripheral nerve stimulation for pain relief in CRPS II and phantom-limb painSchmerz1999132113120 German12799940
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WeinerRLReedKLPeripheral neurostimulation for control of intractable occipital neuralgiaNeuromodulation19992321722122151211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurnsBWatkinsLGoadsbyPJTreatment of medically intractable cluster headache by occipital nerve stimulation: long-term follow-up of eight patientsLancet200736995671099110617398309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurnsBWatkinsLGoadsbyPJTreatment of intractable chronic cluster headache by occipital nerve stimulation in 14 patientsNeurology200972434134519171831
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MagisDAllenaMBollaMDe PasquaVRemacleJMSchoenenJOccipital nerve stimulation for drug-resistant chronic cluster headache: a prospective pilot studyLancet Neurol20076431432117362835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MagisDGerardyPYRemacleJMSchoenenJSustained effectiveness of occipital nerve stimulation in drug-resistant chronic cluster headacheHeadache20115181191120121848953
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TronnierVRascheDSubcutaneous peripheral stimulation of the greater occipital nerve for the treatment of chronic headache syndromesSchmerz2010245441448 German20872125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PaiciusRMBernsteinCALempert-CohenCPeripheral nerve field stimulation in chronic abdominal painPain Physician20069326126616886036
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BarolatGPeripheral subcutaneous stimulation for intractable abdominal painProg Neurol Surg201124707621422777
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McJunkinTLBerardoniNLynchPJAmraniJAn innovative case report detailing the successful treatment of post-thoracotomy syndrome with peripheral nerve field stimulationNeuromodulation201013431131421992889
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GoyalGNGuptaDJainRKumarSMishraSBhatnagarSPeripheral nerve field stimulation for intractable post-thoracotomy scar pain not relieved by conventional treatmentPain Pract201010436636920230446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PaiciusRMBernsteinCALempert-CohenCPeripheral Nerve Field Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain: Preliminary Results of Long-Term Follow-up: A Case SeriesNeuromodulation200710327929022150840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BernsteinCAPaiciusRMBarkowSHLempert-CohenCSpinal cord stimulation in conjunction with peripheral nerve field stimulation for the treatment of low back and leg pain: a case seriesNeuromodulation200811211612322151044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamm-FaberTEAukesHAde LoosFGültunaISubcutaneous stimulation as an additional therapy to spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of lower limb pain and/or back pain: a feasibility studyNeuromodulation201215210811621943376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurgherAHHuntoonMATurleyTWDoustMWStearnsLJSubcutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation with inter-lead stimulation for axial neck and low back pain: case series and review of the literatureNeuromodulation2012152100106 discussion 106–10721854499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YakovlevAEReschBEYakovlevaVEPeripheral nerve field stimulation in the treatment of postlaminectomy syndrome after multilevel spinal surgeriesNeuromodulation2011146534538 discussion 53821854498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReverberiCDarioABarolatGSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) in conjunction with peripheral nerve field stimulation (PNfS) for the treatment of complex pain in failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS)Neuromodulation2013161788222985076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PatilAAOttoDRaikarSPeripheral nerve field stimulation for sacroiliac joint painNeuromodulation20141719810123441931
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LepskiGVahediPTatagibaMSMorgallaMCombined spinal cord and peripheral nerve field stimulation for persistent post-herniorrhaphy painNeuromodulation20131618488 discussion 88–8922672211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VerrillsPVivianDMitchellBBarnardAPeripheral nerve field stimulation for chronic pain: 100 cases and review of the literaturePain Med20111291395140521812906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sator-KatzenschlagerSFialaKKressHGSubcutaneous target stimulation (STS) in chronic noncancer pain: a nationwide retrospective studyPain Pract201010427928620230450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KloimsteinHLikarRKernMPeripheral nerve field stimulation (PNFS) in chronic low back pain: a prospective multicenter studyNeuromodulation201417218018724320718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GoroszeniukTKothariSHamannWSubcutaneous neuromodulating implant targeted at the site of painReg Anesth Pain Med200631216817116543103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FalcoFJBergerJVrableAOnyewuOZhuJCross talk: a new method for peripheral nerve stimulation. An observational report with cadaveric verificationPain Physician200912696598319935981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MironerYEHutchesonJKSatterthwaiteJRLaTourettePCProspective, two-part study of the interaction between spinal cord stimulation and peripheral nerve field stimulation in patients with low back pain: development of a new spinal-peripheral neurostimulation methodNeuromodulation2011142151154 discussion 15521992203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LipovEG‘Hybrid neurostimulator’: simultaneous use of spinal cord and peripheral nerve field stimulation to treat low back and leg painProg Neurol Surg20112414715521422785
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McRobertsWPWolkowitzRMeyerDJPeripheral nerve field stimulation for the management of localized chronic intractable back pain: results from a randomized controlled studyNeuromodulation2013166565574 discussion 574–57523577773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WolterTKieselbachKSircarRGierthmuehlenMSpinal cord stimulation inhibits cortical somatosensory evoked potentials significantly stronger than transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulationPain Physician201316440541423877457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeerTRGrigsbyEWeinerRLWilcoskyBKramerJMA prospective study of dorsal root ganglion stimulation for the relief of chronic painNeuromodulation20131616771 discussion 71–7223240657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiemLRussoMHuygenFJA multicenter, prospective trial to assess the safety and performance of the spinal modulation dorsal root ganglion neurostimulator system in the treatment of chronic painNeuromodulation2013165471482 discussion 48223668228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van BuytenJPSmetILiemLRussoMHuygenFStimulation of Dorsal Root Ganglia for the Management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Prospective Case SeriesPain Pract1201423
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van BuytenJPLinderothBThe failed back surgery syndrome’: Definition and therapeutic algorithms – An updateEur J Pain Suppl201044273286
   Google Scholar
• NorthRBKiddDHFarrokhiFPiantadosiSASpinal cord stimulation versus repeated lumbosacral spine surgery for chronic pain: a randomized, controlled trialNeurosurgery200556198106 discussion 106–10715617591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KumarKNorthRTaylorRSpinal Cord Stimulation vs Conventional Medical Management: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Study of Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (PROCESS Study)Neuromodulation20058421321822151547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FreyMEManchikantiLBenyaminRMSchultzDMSmithHSCohenSPSpinal cord stimulation for patients with failed back surgery syndrome: a systematic reviewPain Physician200912237939719305486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KemlerMADe VetHCBarendseGAVan Den WildenbergFAVan KleefMThe effect of spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy: two years’ follow-up of the randomized controlled trialAnn Neurol2004551131814705107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KemlerMAde VetHCBarendseGAvan den WildenbergFAvan KleefMSpinal cord stimulation for chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy – five-year follow-upN Engl J Med2006354222394239616738284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KemlerMAde VetHCBarendseGAvan den WildenbergFAvan KleefMEffect of spinal cord stimulation for chronic complex regional pain syndrome Type I: five-year final follow-up of patients in a randomized controlled trialJ Neurosurg2008108229229818240925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HarkeHGretenkortPLadleifHURahmanSSpinal cord stimulation in sympathetically maintained complex regional pain syndrome type I with severe disability. A prospective clinical studyEur J Pain20059436337315979016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TaylorRSSpinal cord stimulation in complex regional pain syndrome and refractory neuropathic back and leg pain/failed back surgery syndrome: results of a systematic review and meta-analysisJ Pain Symptom Manage2006314(Suppl)S13S1916647590
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HarkeHGretenkortPLadleifHUKoesterPRahmanSSpinal cord stimulation in postherpetic neuralgia and in acute herpes zoster painAnesth Analg2002943694700 Table of contents11867400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MeglioMCioniBRossiGFSpinal cord stimulation in management of chronic pain. A 9-year experienceJ Neurosurg19897045195242538588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BroggiGServelloDDonesICarboneGItalian multicentric study on pain treatment with epidural spinal cord stimulationStereotact Funct Neurosurg1994621–42732787631081
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KumarKTothCNathRKSpinal cord stimulation for chronic pain in peripheral neuropathySurg Neurol19964643633698876718
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CameronTSafety and efficacy of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain: a 20-year literature reviewJ Neurosurg2004100Suppl Spine 325426715029914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MoriyamaKEffect of temporary spinal cord stimulation on postherpetic neuralgia in the thoracic nerve areaNeuromodulation2009121394322151221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IsekiMMoritaYNakamuraYIfukuMKomatsuSEfficacy of limited-duration spinal cord stimulation for subacute postherpetic neuralgiaAnn Acad Med Singapore200938111004100619956824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TesfayeSWattJBenbowSJPangKAMilesJMacFarlaneIAElectrical spinal-cord stimulation for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathyLancet19963489043169817018973433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PluijmsWASlangenRJoostenEAElectrical spinal cord stimulation in painful diabetic polyneuropathy, a systematic review on treatment efficacy and safetyEur J Pain201115878378821345703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SlangenRPluijmsWAFaberCGDirksenCDKesselsAGvan KleefMSustained effect of spinal cord stimulation on pain and quality of life in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathyBr J Anaesth201311161030103124233316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CamposWKAlmeida de OliveiraYSCiampi de AndradeDTeixeiraMJFonoffETSpinal cord stimulation for the treatment of neuropathic pain related to syringomyeliaPain Med201314576776823489298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WiningerKLBesterMLDeshpandeKKSpinal cord stimulation to treat postthoracotomy neuralgia: non-small-cell lung cancer: a case reportPain Manag Nurs2012131525922341139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MessinaGNazziVSinisiMDonesIPolloBFranziniASpinal cord stimulation for recurrent painful neuromas of the footNeurol Sci201132472372521678072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MoensMDe SmedtAD’HaeseJDroogmansSChaskisCSpinal cord stimulation as a treatment for refractory neuropathic pain in tethered cord syndrome: a case reportJ Med Case Reports20104174
   Google Scholar
• BarnaSAHuMMBuxoCTrellaJCosgroveGRSpinal cord stimulation for treatment of meralgia parestheticaPain Physician20058331531816850089
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BurkeyARAbla-YaoSSuccessful treatment of central pain in a multiple sclerosis patient with epidural stimulation of the dorsal root entry zonePain Med201011112713220447296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WilliamsKABabadeMCohenSPSpinal cord stimulation for severe degenerative joint disease of the shoulder in a patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a new indication?Anesth Analg2010110122022119897798
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LowryAMSimopoulosTTSpinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic knee pain following total knee replacementPain Physician201013325125620495589
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KumarKTaylorRSJacquesLSpinal cord stimulation versus conventional medical management for neuropathic pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial in patients with failed back surgery syndromePain20071321–217918817845835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NorthRBKiddDHLeeMSPiantodosiSA prospective, randomized study of spinal cord stimulation versus reoperation for failed back surgery syndrome: initial resultsStereotact Funct Neurosurg1994621–42672727631080
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NorthRBKiddDHPiantadosiSSpinal cord stimulation versus reoperation for failed back surgery syndrome: a prospective, randomized study designActa Neurochir Suppl (Wien)199564106108
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KemlerMABarendseGAvan KleefMSpinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophyN Engl J Med2000343961862410965008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WolterTKiemenAPorzeliusCKaubeHEffects of sub-perception threshold spinal cord stimulation in neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled double-blind crossover studyEur J Pain201216564865522337509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmithCCLinJLShokatMDosanjhSSCasthelyDA report of paraparesis following spinal cord stimulator trial, implantation and revisionPain Physician201013435736320648204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MeyerSCSwartzKJohnsonJPQuadriparesis and spinal cord stimulation: case reportSpine20073219E565E56817762800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarolatGPeacockWStaudtLPain and spasticityBenzelESpine Surgery: Techniques, Complication Avoidance, and Management22nd edPhiladelphiaElsevier Churchill Livingstone200512391252
   Google Scholar
• Dam-HieuPMagroESeizeurRSimonAQuinioBCervical cord compression due to delayed scarring around epidural electrodes used in spinal cord stimulationJ Neurosurg Spine201012440941220367377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WadaEKawaiHLate onset cervical myelopathy secondary to fibrous scar tissue formation around the spinal cord stimulation electrodeSpinal Cord201048864664820065981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CicuendezMMunarrizPMCastaño-LeonAMParedesIDorsal myelopathy secondary to epidural fibrous scar tissue around a spinal cord stimulation electrodeJ Neurosurg Spine201217659860123062176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WlochACapelleHHSaryyevaAKraussJKCervical myelopathy due to an epidural cervical mass after chronic cervical spinal cord stimulationStereotact Funct Neurosurg201391426526923652576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LennarsonPJGuillenFTSpinal cord compression from a foreign body reaction to spinal cord stimulation: a previously unreported complicationSpine20103525E1516E151921102282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TaylorRSVan BuytenJPBuchserESpinal cord stimulation for chronic back and leg pain and failed back surgery syndrome: a systematic review and analysis of prognostic factorsSpine (Phila Pa 1976)200530115216015626996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MekhailNAMathewsMNageebFGuirguisMMekhailMNChengJRetrospective review of 707 cases of spinal cord stimulation: indications and complicationsPain Pract201111214815321371254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RosenowJMStanton-HicksMRezaiARHendersonJMFailure modes of spinal cord stimulation hardwareJ Neurosurg Spine20065318319016961078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BabuRHazzardMAHuangKTOutcomes of percutaneous and paddle lead implantation for spinal cord stimulation: a comparative analysis of complications, reoperation rates, and health-care costsNeuromodulation2013165418426 discussion 426–42723647789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MutterUMBellutDPorchetFSchuknechtBSpinal magnetic resonance imaging with reduced specific absorption rate in patients harbouring a spinal cord stimulation device – A single-centre prospective study analysing safety, tolerability and image qualityActa Neurochir (Wien)2013155122327233224078115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IvanovaJIBirnbaumHGYushkinaYSorgRAReedJMerchantSThe prevalence and economic impact of prescription opioid-related side effects among patients with chronic noncancer painJ Opioid Manag20139423925424353017
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KumarKHunterGDemeriaDSpinal cord stimulation in treatment of chronic benign pain: challenges in treatment planning and present status, a 22-year experienceNeurosurgery2006583481496 discussion 481–49616528188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KumarKRizviSNguyenRAbbasMBishopSMurthyVImpact of Wait times on Spinal Cord Stimulation Therapy OutcomesPain Pract Epub10252013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PoreeLKramesEPopeJDeerTRLevyRSchultzLSpinal cord stimulation as treatment for complex regional pain syndrome should be considered earlier than last resort therapyNeuromodulation201316212514123441988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar