219
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Surgical Approaches to Pain

Regional Analgesia for Cesarean Delivery: A Narrative Review Toward Enhancing Outcomes in Parturients

, , , , , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 3807-3835 | Received 03 Aug 2023, Accepted 28 Oct 2023, Published online: 09 Nov 2023

References

  • CDC. FastStats - Births - Method of Delivery. US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2022. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/delivery.htm. Accessed January 7, 2023.
  • Mhyre JM, Sultan P. General anesthesia for cesarean delivery occasionally essential but best avoided. Anesthesiology. 2019;130(6):864–866. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000002708
  • Ring L, Landau R, Delgado C. The current role of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Curr Anesthesiol Rep. 2021;11(18):18–27. doi:10.1007/S40140-021-00437-6
  • Guglielminotti J, Landau R, Li G. Adverse events and factors associated with potentially avoidable use of general anesthesia in cesarean deliveries. Anesthesiology. 2019;130(6):912–922. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000002629
  • Riley ET. Regional anesthesia for cesarean section. Tech Reg Anesth Pain Manag. 2003;7:204–12. doi:10.1053/S1084-208X(03)00038-7
  • Bolla D, Schöning A, Drack G, Hornung R. Technical aspects of the cesarean section. Gynecol Surg. 2010;7(2):127–132. doi:10.1007/S10397-010-0560-9/METRICS
  • Caughey AB, Shipp TD, Repke JT, Zelop CM, Cohen A, Lieberman E. Rate of uterine rupture during a trial of labor in women with one or two prior cesarean deliveries. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181:872–876. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70317-0
  • Oliver J, Zeballos JL. Essential clinical anesthesia review: keywords, questions and answers for the boards. Spinal Anesthesia. 2022:187–189. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139584005.058
  • McDonnell NJ, Keating ML, Muchatuta NA, Pavy TJG, Paech MJ. Analgesia after caesarean delivery. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2009;37(4):539–551. doi:10.1177/0310057X0903700418
  • Jelinek LA, Scharbach S, Kashyap S, Ferguson T. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Fascia. StatPearls; 2022.
  • Ameer MA, Fagan SE, Sosa-Stanley JN, Peterson DC. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Uterus. StatPearls; 2022.
  • Tsen LC. Anesthesia for obstetric care and gynecologic surgery. In: Longnecker DE, Mackey SC, Newman MF, Sandberg WS, Zapol WM, editors. Anesthesiology, 3e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2017.
  • Ultrasound Imaging of the Lumbar Spine for Central Neuraxial Blocks | Atlas of Sonoanatomy for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine | AccessAnesthesiology | McGraw Hill Medical. Available from: https://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2220§ionid=171517099. Accessed June 27, 2023.
  • Chou R, Gordon DB, De Leon-Casasola OA, et al. Management of postoperative pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, and Administrative Council. J Pain. 2016;17(2):131–157. doi:10.1016/J.JPAIN.2015.12.008
  • Bonnet M-P, Mignon A, Mazoit J-X, Ozier Y, Marret E. Analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of epidural morphine compared to parenteral opioids after elective caesarean section: a systematic review. Eur J Pain. 2010;14(9):e1–894. doi:10.1016/J.EJPAIN.2010.03.003
  • Lim Y, Lim Y, Jha S, Sia AT, Rawal N. Morphine for post-caesarean section analgesia: intrathecal, epidural or intravenous? Singapore Med J. 2005;46:392.
  • Carvalho B, Butwick AJ. Postcesarean delivery analgesia. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2017;31:69–79. doi:10.1016/J.BPA.2017.01.003
  • Tamura T, Yokota S, Ando M, Kubo Y, Nishiwaki K. A triple-blinded randomized trial comparing spinal morphine with posterior quadratus lumborum block after cesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2019;40:32–38. doi:10.1016/J.IJOA.2019.06.008
  • Pangthipampai P, Dejarkom S, Poolsuppasit S, Luansritisakul C, Tangchittam S. Bilateral posterior quadratus lumborum block for pain relief after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021;21(1). doi:10.1186/S12871-021-01309-6
  • Hussain N, Brull R, Weaver T, Zhou M, Essandoh M, Abdallah FW. Postoperative analgesic effectiveness of quadratus lumborum block for cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2021;134(1):72–87. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000003611
  • Huang JY, Wang LZ, Chang XY, Xia F. Impact of transversus abdominis plane block with bupivacaine or ropivacaine versus intrathecal morphine on opioid-related side effects after cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin J Pain. 2021;38(3):231–239. doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000001014
  • Dereu D, Savoldelli GL, Mercier Y, Combescure C, Mathivon S, Rehberg B. The impact of a transversus abdominis plane block including clonidine vs. intrathecal morphine on nausea and vomiting after caesarean section: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019;36(8):575–582. doi:10.1097/EJA.0000000000001013
  • Habib AS, Nedeljkovic SS, Horn JL, et al. Randomized trial of transversus abdominis plane block with liposomal bupivacaine after cesarean delivery with or without intrathecal morphine. J Clin Anesth. 2021:75. doi:10.1016/J.JCLINANE.2021.110527.
  • El-Boghdadly K, Desai N, Halpern S, et al. Quadratus lumborum block vs. transversus abdominis plane block for caesarean delivery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Anaesthesia. 2021;76(3):393–403. doi:10.1111/ANAE.15160
  • Tan H, Sen Taylor C, Weikel D, Barton K, Habib AS. Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative analgesia after cesarean delivery: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial-sequential analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2020;67. doi:10.1016/J.JCLINANE.2020.110003
  • Hadzic A. Chapter 36: Paravertebral Block. In: Hadzic’s Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Anatomy for Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia, 3e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2021.
  • Hadzic A. Chapter 21: Lumbar Plexus Block. In: Hadzic’s Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Anatomy for Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia, 3e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2021.
  • Mitchell KD, Smith CT, Mechling C, Wessel CB, Orebaugh S, Lim G. A review of peripheral nerve blocks for cesarean delivery analgesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019;45(1):52–62. doi:10.1136/RAPM-2019-100752
  • Patnaik R, Chhabra A, Subramaniam R, et al. Comparison of paravertebral block by anatomic landmark technique to ultrasound-guided paravertebral block for breast surgery anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43(4):385–390. doi:10.1097/AAP.0000000000000746
  • Seidel R, Wree A, Schulze M. Thoracic-paravertebral blocks: comparative anatomical study with different injection techniques and volumes. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2020;45(2):102–106. doi:10.1136/RAPM-2019-100896
  • Hadzic A. Chapter 37: Erector Spinae Plane Block. In: Hadzic’s Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Anatomy for Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia, 3e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2021.
  • Chin KJ, El-Boghdadly K. Mechanisms of action of the erector spinae plane (ESP) block: a narrative review. Can J Anaesth. 2021;68(3):387–408. doi:10.1007/S12630-020-01875-2
  • Elkoundi A, Zemmouri A, Najout H, Bensghir M. Erector spinae plane block for rescue analgesia following caesarean delivery. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2021;53(3):277–278. doi:10.5114/AIT.2021.103514
  • Aygun H, Ozturk NK, Ugur M, et al. Evaluation of ultrasound-guided bilateral low thoracic erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in cesarean delivery patients: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2022;72(4):444–449. doi:10.1016/J.BJANE.2021.07.032
  • Dostbil A, Ince I, Altinpulluk EY, et al. Analgesic effect of erector spinae plane block after cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial. Niger J Clin Pract. 2023;26(2):153–161. doi:10.4103/NJCP.NJCP_1636_21
  • Ribeiro Junior IDV, Carvalho VH, Brito LGO. Erector spinae plane block for analgesia after cesarean delivery: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2022;72(4):506–515. doi:10.1016/J.BJANE.2021.09.015
  • Malawat A, Verma K, Jethava D, Jethava D. Erector spinae plane block and transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia in cesarean section: a prospective randomized comparative study. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2020;36(2):201–206. doi:10.4103/JOACP.JOACP_116_19
  • Boules ML, Goda AS, Abdelhady MA, Abu El SA, El-Azeem NA, Hamed MA. Comparison of analgesic effect between erector spinae plane block and transversus abdominis plane block after elective cesarean section: a prospective randomized single-blind controlled study. J Pain Res. 2020;13:1073–1080. doi:10.2147/JPR.S253343
  • Priya TK, Singla D, Talawar P, Sharma RS, Goyal S, Purohit G. Comparative efficacy of quadratus lumborum type-II and erector spinae plane block in patients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2023;53. doi:10.1016/J.IJOA.2022.103614
  • Bakshi A, Srivastawa S, Jadon A, Mohsin K, Sinha N, Chakraborty S. Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transmuscular quadratus lumborum block versus thoracic erector spinae block for postoperative analgesia in caesarean section parturients under spinal anaesthesia-A randomised study. Indian J Anaesth. 2022;66:S213–9. doi:10.4103/IJA.IJA_88_22
  • Hamed MA, Yassin HM, Botros JM, Abdelhady MA. Analgesic efficacy of Erector spinae plane block compared with intrathecal morphine after elective cesarean section: a prospective randomized controlled study. J Pain Res. 2020;13:597–604. doi:10.2147/JPR.S242568
  • Elsharkawy H, El-Boghdadly K, Barrington M. Quadratus Lumborum Block: anatomical Concepts, Mechanisms, and Techniques. Anesthesiology. 2019;130(2):322–335. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000002524
  • Hadzic A. Chapter 40: Quadratus Lumborum Blocks. In: Hadzic’s Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Anatomy for Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia, 3e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2021.
  • Krohg A, Ullensvang K, Rosseland LA, Langesæter E, Sauter AR. The analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block after cesarean delivery: a randomized clinical trial. Anesth Analg. 2018;126(2):559–565. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000002648
  • Mieszkowski MM, Mayzner-Zawadzka E, Tuyakov B, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Quadratus Lumborum Block type I using ropivacaine in postoperative analgesia after a cesarean section - a controlled clinical study. Ginekol Pol. 2018;89(2):89–96. doi:10.5603/GP.A2018.0015
  • Blanco R, Ansari T, Girgis E. Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative pain after caesarean section: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015;32(11):812–818. doi:10.1097/EJA.0000000000000299
  • Hansen CK, Dam M, Steingrimsdottir GE, et al. Ultrasound-guided transmuscular quadratus lumborum block for elective cesarean section significantly reduces postoperative opioid consumption and prolongs time to first opioid request: a double-blind randomized trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019;44(9):896–900. doi:10.1136/RAPM-2019-100540
  • Koksal E, Aygun H, Genç C, Kaya C, Dost B. Comparison of the analgesic effects of two quadratus lumborum blocks (QLBs), QLB type II vs QLB type III, in caesarean delivery: a randomised study. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(10). doi:10.1111/IJCP.14513
  • Yetik F, Yilmaz C, Karasu D, Haliloǧlu Dastan N, Dayioǧlu M, Ç B. Comparison of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block-2 and quadratus lumborum block-3 for postoperative pain in cesarean section: a randomized clinical trial. Medicine. 2022;101:E31844. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000031844
  • Blanco R, Ansari T, Riad W, Shetty N. Quadratus lumborum block versus transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative pain after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016;41(6):757–762. doi:10.1097/AAP.0000000000000495
  • Benedicta R, Jain M, Dixit N, Shivappagoudar V. The efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block versus quadratus lumborum block for postoperative analgesia in lower-segment cesarean section with low-dose bupivacaine: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Essays Res. 2022;16(203). doi:10.4103/AER.AER_84_22
  • Khanna S, Krishna Prasad GV, Sharma VJ, Biradar M, Bhasin D. Quadratus lumborum block versus transversus abdominis plane block for post Caesarean analgesia: a randomized prospective controlled study. Med J Armed Forces India. 2022;78:S82–8. doi:10.1016/J.MJAFI.2020.10.009
  • Faiz SHR, Alebouyeh MR, Derakhshan P, Imani F, Rahimzadeh P, Ghaderi Ashtiani M. Comparison of ultrasound-guided posterior transversus abdominis plane block and lateral transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing cesarean section: a randomized double-blind clinical trial study. J Pain Res. 2018;11:5–9. doi:10.2147/JPR.S146970
  • Borys M, Zamaro A, Horeczy B, et al. Quadratus Lumborum and Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks and Their Impact on Acute and Chronic Pain in Patients after Cesarean Section: a Randomized Controlled Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021. doi:10.3390/IJERPH18073500
  • Salama ER. Ultrasound-guided bilateral quadratus lumborum block vs. intrathecal morphine for postoperative analgesia after cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2020;73(2):121–128. doi:10.4097/KJA.D.18.00269
  • Hadzic A. Chapter 38: Transversus abdominis plane blocks. In: Hadzic’s Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Anatomy for Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia, 3e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2021.
  • Tsai HC, Yoshida T, Chuang TY, et al. Transversus abdominis plane block: an updated review of anatomy and techniques. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:1–12. doi:10.1155/2017/8284363
  • Wang P, Chen X, Chang Y, Wang Y, Cui H. Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block after cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2021;47(9):2954–68. doi:10.1111/JOG.14881
  • Mishriky BM, George RB, Habib AS. Transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia after Cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth. 2012;59(8):766–778. doi:10.1007/S12630-012-9729-1
  • Ryu C, Choi GJ, Jung YH, Baek CW, Cho CK, Kang H. Postoperative analgesic effectiveness of peripheral nerve blocks in cesarean delivery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Pers Med. 2022;12(4):634. doi:10.3390/JPM12040634
  • Kupiec A, Zwierzchowski J, Kowal-Janicka J, et al. The analgesic efficiency of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block after caesarean delivery. Ginekol Pol. 2018;89(8):421–424. doi:10.5603/GP.a2018.0072
  • Yetneberk T, Chekol B, Teshome D. The efficacy of TAP block versus ilioinguinal block for post-cesarean section pain management: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon. 2021;7(8):e07774. doi:10.1016/J.HELIYON.2021.E07774
  • Sultan P, Patel SD, Jadin S, Carvalho B, Halpern SH. Transversus abdominis plane block compared with wound infiltration for postoperative analgesia following Cesarean delivery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth. 2020;67:1710–27. doi:10.1007/S12630-020-01818-X
  • Riemma G, Schiattarella A, Cianci S, et al. Transversus abdominis plane block versus wound infiltration for post-cesarean section analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2021;153(3):383–392. doi:10.1002/IJGO.13563
  • Yan Z-R, Chen L-J, Zhang S-J, et al. The transversus abdominis plane block in conjunction with intrathecal morphine use after cesarean section in women with severe pre-eclampsia: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2023;23(1):100. doi:10.1186/s12871-023-02061-9
  • Nedeljkovic SS, Kett A, Vallejo MC, et al. Transversus abdominis plane block with liposomal bupivacaine for pain after cesarean delivery in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2020;131(6):1830–1839. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000005075
  • Hadzic A. Chapter 39: Rectus sheath block. In: Hadzic’s Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Anatomy for Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia, 3e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2021.
  • Yörükoğlu HU, Şahin T, Kula AÖ. Transversus abdominis plane block versus rectus sheath block for postoperative pain after caesarean delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2023;51(1):43–48. doi:10.5152/TJAR.2023.22724
  • Lui MW, Li TKT, Lui F, Ong CYT. A randomised, controlled trial of rectus sheath bupivacaine and intrathecal bupivacaine, without or with intrathecal morphine, vs. intrathecal bupivacaine and morphine after caesarean section. Anaesthesia. 2017;72(10):1225–1229. doi:10.1111/ANAE.13998
  • Garmi G, Parasol M, Zafran N, Rudin M, Romano S, Salim R. Efficacy of single wound infiltration with bupivacaine and adrenaline during cesarean delivery for reduction of postoperative pain: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(11):e2242203. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.42203
  • Kainu JP, Sarvela J, Halonen P, et al. Continuous wound infusion with ropivacaine fails to provide adequate analgesia after caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2012;21(2):119–124. doi:10.1016/J.IJOA.2011.12.009
  • Telnes A, Skogvoll E, Lonnee H. Transversus abdominis plane block vs wound infiltration in Caesarean section: a randomised controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2015;59(4):496–504. doi:10.1111/aas.12498
  • Cole J, Hughey S, Longwell J. Transversus abdominis plane block and intrathecal morphine use in cesarean section: a retrospective review. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019;44(11):1035–1037. doi:10.1136/rapm-2019-100483
  • Roofthooft E, Joshi GP, Rawal N, Van de Velde M; PROSPECT Working Group* of the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy and supported by the Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association. PROSPECT guideline for elective caesarean section: updated systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations. Anaesthesia 2021. 76: 5 665–680. doi:10.1111/anae.15339
  • Champaneria R, Shah L, Wilson MJ, Daniels JP. Clinical effectiveness of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks for pain relief after caesarean section: a meta-analysis. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2016;28:45–60. doi:10.1016/J.IJOA.2016.07.009