Efficacy of Electroacupuncture Combined with Chinese Herbal Medicine on Pain Intensity for Chronic Sciatica Secondary to Lumbar Disc Herniation: Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial

References

• Lindblom K, Rexed B. Spinal nerve injury in dorso-lateral protrusions of lumbar disks. J Neurosurg. 1948;5(5):413–432. doi:10.3171/jns.1948.5.5.0413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konstantinou K, Dunn KMJS. Sciatica: review of Epidemiological Studies and Prevalence Estimates. Spine;2008;33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deyo RA, Mirza SK. CLINICAL PRACTICE. Herniated Lumbar Intervertebral Disk. New Engl J Med. 2016;374(18):1763–1772. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1512658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porchet F, Wietlisbach V, Burnand B, Daeppen K, Villemure JG, Vader JP. Relationship between severity of lumbar disc disease and disability scores in sciatica patients. Neurosurgery. 2002;50(6):1253–1259. doi:10.1097/00006123-200206000-00014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ropper AH, Zafonte RD. Sciatica. New Engl J Med. 2015;372(13):1240–1248. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1410151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valat JP, Genevay S, Marty M, Rozenberg S, Koes B. Sciatica. Best Pract Res. 2010;24(2):241–252. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2009.11.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parreira P, Maher CG, Steffens D, Hancock MJ, Ferreira ML. Risk factors for low back pain and sciatica: an umbrella review. Spine j. 2018;18(9):1715–1721. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2018.05.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peul WC, van den Hout WB, Brand R, Thomeer RT, Koes BW. Prolonged conservative care versus early surgery in patients with sciatica caused by lumbar disc herniation: two year results of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2008;336(7657):1355–1358. doi:10.1136/bmj.a143
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peul WC, van Houwelingen HC, van den Hout WB, et al. Surgery versus prolonged conservative treatment for sciatica. New Engl J Med. 2007;356(22):2245–2256. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa064039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osterman H, Seitsalo S, Karppinen J, Malmivaara A. Effectiveness of microdiscectomy for lumbar disc herniation: a randomized controlled trial with 2 years of follow-up. Spine. 2006;31(21):2409–2414. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000239178.08796.52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein JN, Tosteson TD, Lurie JD, et al. Surgical vs nonoperative treatment for lumbar disk herniation: the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT): a randomized trial. JAMA. 2006;296(20):2441–2450. doi:10.1001/jama.296.20.2441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuenca-Zaldívar JN, Fernández-Carnero J, Sánchez-Romero EA, et al. Effects of a Therapeutic Exercise Protocol for Patients with Chronic Non-Specific Back Pain in Primary Health Care: a Single-Group Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med. 2023;12(20):6478. doi:10.3390/jcm12206478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Pozas O, Sánchez-Romero EA, Beltran-Alacreu H, et al. Effects of Orthopedic Manual Therapy on Pain Sensitization in Patients With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: an Umbrella Review With Meta-Meta-analysis. Am j Phys Med Rehabilitation. 2023;102(10):879–885. doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000002239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pangarkar SS, Kang DG, Sandbrink F, et al. VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline: diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain. J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(11):2620–2629. doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05086-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gui M, Chen M. Acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine for 32 cases of acute gouty arthritis. Huan J Traditional Med. 2014;30(12):74–75.
   Google Scholar
• Peng S, Chang W, Tian Y, et al. Herbal medicine and acupuncture relieved progressive bulbar palsy for more than 3 years: a case report. Medicine. 2022;101(45):e31446. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000031446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S, Liu AD, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease (CHD): a protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine. 2021;100(52):e28450. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000028450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma Y, Sun K, Cao J, et al. Acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2021;100(51):e28083. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000028083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao P, Mi J, Yu Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2021;100(43):67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long P, Ju S, Wang J. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture in combination with Chinese herbal medicine in dealing with osteoporosis: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine. 2022;101(52):e32441. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000032441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang H, Wu Y, Zhang W, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Acupuncture Combined with Herbal Medicine in Treating Gouty Arthritis: meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Evidence-Based Complementary Alternative Med. 2021;2021:8161731. doi:10.1155/2021/8161731
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ji W, Zhao YF, Guo HL, Li T, Zhang XC. Clinical Trail of Mid-term Efficacy of Shi’s Acupuncture Combined with Plaster for Treating Acute Ankle Injury. Chinese J Trad Med Traum Orthop. 2018;26(04):12–17.
   Google Scholar
• Wu HF, Wang J, Zhang B, Zhan HS, Shi YY, Du J. Experience with differentiation and treatment of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis in SHI’s traumatology. CJTCMP. 2019;34(08):3541–3543.
   Google Scholar
• Comachio J, Oliveira Magalhães M, Nogueira Burke T, et al. Efficacy of acupuncture and electroacupuncture in patients with nonspecific low back pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2015;16(1):469. doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0850-7
   Google Scholar
• Ulloa L, Quiroz-Gonzalez S, Torres-Rosas R. Nerve Stimulation: immunomodulation and Control of Inflammation. Trends Mol Med. 2017;23(12):1103–1120. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2017.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang R, Lao L, Ren K, Berman BM. Mechanisms of acupuncture-electroacupuncture on persistent pain. Anesthesiology. 2014;120(2):482–503. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Q, Zhou M, Huo M, et al. Mechanisms of acupuncture-electroacupuncture on inflammatory pain. Molecular Pain. 2023;19:17448069231202882. doi:10.1177/17448069231202882
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang HS, Gu XF, Liu T, et al. A clinical study on oral application of Shenxie Zhitong capsule for treatment of knee osteoarthritis. J Trad Chin Orthop Trauma. 2015;27(03):22–26.
   Google Scholar
• An JW, Tang YJ, Wu HB, et al. Analysis of the experience of treating the pain of neck and back and legs with the Shen-xie-chong-fenfang in Shi’s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology. Clin j Traditional Chine Med. 2018;30(04):653–655.
   Google Scholar
• Chen YC, Pang J, Shi YY, et al. Clinic Research on Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment Based on Shi’s Unique Knee Osteoarthritis Therapy. Chine J Trad Med Traum Orthop. 2016;24(06):9–12.
   Google Scholar
• Wang HH, Shen ZB, Zhan HS. Zhan Hongsheng’s experience in treating chronic diseases related to sinews and bones by resolving stasis and unblocking collaterals method. Shanghai J Traditional Chin Med. 2021;55(12):40–43.
   Google Scholar
• Yang J, Gu W, Zhu WJ, Wang XZ, Sun J. Effect study on Shenxie Zhitong capsule of knee osteoarthritis after total knee arthroplasty. Shaanxi J Traditional Chine Med. 2022;43(12):1706–1708+1733.
   Google Scholar
• Li SS, Tan Z, Zhan HS, Chen DY. Therapeutic efficacy of Shi’s traumatology Shen-Xie-Chong powder decoction combined with adenosylcobalamin on lumbar disc herniation. Mod J Integr Traditional Chinese and Western Med. 2023;32(15):2099–2103.
   Google Scholar
• Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomized trials. Obstetrics Gynecol. 2010;115(5):1063–1070. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181d9d421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacPherson H, Altman DG, Hammerschlag R, et al. Revised STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA): extending the CONSORT statement. PLoS Med. 2010;7(6):e1000261. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann H. SPIRIT 2013. Evidence-Based Dentistry. 2013;14(4):120. doi:10.1038/sj.ebd.6400973
   Google Scholar
• Chan AW, Tetzlaff JM, Altman DG, et al. SPIRIT 2013 statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials. Ann Internal Med. 2013;158(3):200–207. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins SL, Moore RA, McQuay HJ. The visual analogue pain intensity scale: what is moderate pain in millimetres? Pain. 1997;72(1–2):95–97. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(97)00005-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairbank JC, Couper J, Davies JB, O’Brien JP. The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire. Physiotherapy. 1980;66(8):271–273.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patrick DL, Deyo RA, Atlas SJ, Singer DE, Chapin A, Keller RB. Assessing health-related quality of life in patients with sciatica. Spine. 1995;20(17):1899–1908. doi:10.1097/00007632-199509000-00011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop MD, Bialosky JE, Cleland JA. Patient expectations of benefit from common interventions for low back pain and effects on outcome: secondary analysis of a clinical trial of manual therapy interventions. J Manual Manipulative Therapy. 2011;19(1):20–25. doi:10.1179/106698110X12804993426929
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sánchez Romero EA, Lim T, Villafañe JH, et al. The Influence of Verbal Suggestion on Post-Needling Soreness and Pain Processing after Dry Needling Treatment: an Experimental Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(8):4206. doi:10.3390/ijerph18084206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong H, Zhao J. Clinical application of insect drugs. J Traditional Chine Med. 2003;23(4):257–259.
   Google Scholar
• Feng Y, Zhao M, He Z, Chen Z, Sun L. Research and utilization of medicinal insects in China. Spine:2009;39(5):313–316.
   Google Scholar
• Pang T, Lu C, Wang K, et al. Electroacupuncture at ST25 Inhibits Cisapride-Induced Gastric Motility in an Intensity-Dependent Manner. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:3457025. doi:10.1155/2016/3457025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang C, Ding W, Liu Z. A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture versus Medium-Frequency Electrotherapy for Discogenic Sciatica. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:9502718. doi:10.1155/2017/9502718
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagenais S, Caro J, Haldeman S. A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally. Spine j. 2008;8(1):8–20. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2007.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asche CV, Kirkness CS, McAdam-Marx C, Fritz JM. The societal costs of low back pain: data published between 2001 and 2007. J Pain Palliative Care Pharmacother. 2007;21(4):25–33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang Z, Hu T, Huang P, et al. The efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails. Front Neurosci. 2023;17:1097830. doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1097830
   Google Scholar
• Group COAoSSGCOAoOR. Clinical practice guideline for diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Chin J Orthop. 2020;40(8):477–487.
   Google Scholar
• Cummins J, Lurie JD, Tosteson TD, et al. Descriptive epidemiology and prior healthcare utilization of patients in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial’s (SPORT) three observational cohorts: disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and degenerative spondylolisthesis. Spine. 2006;31(7):806–814. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000207473.09030.0d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfort G, Hondras MA, Schulz CA, Evans RL, Long CR, Grimm R. Spinal manipulation and home exercise with advice for subacute and chronic back-related leg pain: a trial with adaptive allocation. Ann Internal Med. 2014;161(6):381–391. doi:10.7326/M14-0006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar