Pulse oximetry: fundamentals and technology update

References

• GuytonACHallJETextbook of Medical Physiology9th edPhiladelphiaWB Saunders1996
   Google Scholar
• WagnerPDVentilation, blood flow and gas exchangeMasonRJBroaddusVCMurrayJFNadelJAMurray and Nadel’s Textbook of Respiratory MedicinePhiladelphiaWB Saunders2005
   Google Scholar
• FarmerJBlood oxygen measurementWebsterJGDesign of Pulse OximetersBristolInstitute of Physics19972139
   Google Scholar
• GoldWMPulmonary function testingMasonRJBroaddusVCMurrayJFNadelJAMurray and Nadel’s Textbook of Respiratory MedicinePhiladelphiaWB Saunders2005
   Google Scholar
• YoshiyaIShimadyYTanakeKSpectrophotometric monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation on the fingertipMed Biol Eng Comput198018127327382587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WiebenOLight absorbance in pulse oximetryWebsterJGDesign of Pulse OximetersBristolInstitute of Physics19974055
   Google Scholar
• MoyleJTPulse OximetryLondonBMJ Books2002
   Google Scholar
• PrahlSOptical absorption of hemoglobin1999 Available from: http://omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/hemoglobin/index.htmlAccessed May 26, 2014
   Google Scholar
• MannheimerPDCascianiJRFeinMENierlichSLWavelength selection for low-saturation pulse oximetryIEEE Trans Biomed Eng19974431481589216128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZourabianASiegelAChanceBRamanujanNRodeMBoasDATrans-abdominal monitoring of fetal arterial blood oxygenation using pulse oximetryJ Biomed Optics200054391405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KyriacouPAPulse oximetry in the esophagusPhysiol Meas2006271R1R3516365505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BabchenkoADavidsonEGinosarYPhotoplethysmographic measurement of changes in total and pulsatile tissue blood volume, following sympathetic blockadePhysiol Meas200122238939611411248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MatcherSJSignal quantification and localization in tissue near-infrared spectroscopyTuchinVVHandbook of Optical Biomedical DiagnosticsBellingham (WA)SPIE2002487584
   Google Scholar
• FantiniSFrancheschiniMAFrequency-domain techniques for tissue spectroscopy and imagingTuchinVVHandbook of Optical Biomedical DiagnosticsBellingham (WA)SPIE2002405453
   Google Scholar
• MannheimerPDThe light-tissue interaction of pulse oximetryAnesth Analg20071056S10S1718048891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NitzanMEngelbergSThree-wavelength technique for the measurement of oxygen saturation in arterial blood and in venous bloodJ Biomed Opt200914202404619405774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BatchelderPBRaleyDMMaximizing the laboratory setting for testing devices and understanding statistical output in pulse oximetryAnesth Analg2007105Suppl 6S85S9418048904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CrapoROPulmonary function testingCrapoJDGlassrothJKarlinskyJBKingTEBaum’s Textbook of Pulmonary Diseases7th edPhiladelphiaLippincott Williams and Wilkins2004
   Google Scholar
• SeguinPLe RouzoATanguyMGuillouYMFeuilluAMallédantYEvidence for the need of bedside accuracy of pulse oximetry in an intensive care unitCrit Care Med200028370370610752818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van de LouwACraccoCCerfCAccuracy of pulse oximetry in the intensive care unitIntensive Care Med200127101606161311685301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PerkinsGDMcAuleyDFGilesSRoutledgeHGaoFDo changes in pulse oximeter oxygen saturation predict equivalent changes in arterial oxygen saturation?Crit Care200374R67R7112930558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FouzasSPriftisKNAnthrcopoulosMBPulse oximetry in pediatric practicePediatrics2011128474075221930554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PoetsCFSouthallDPNoninvasive monitoring of oxygenation in infants and children: practical considerations and areas of concernPediatrics19949357377468165071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TungjitkusolmunSAccuracy and errorsWebsterJGDesign of Pulse OximetersBristolInstitute of Physics1997176198
   Google Scholar
• O’DriscollBRHowardLSDavisonAGBTS guideline for emergency oxygen use in adult patientsThorax200863Suppl 6vi1vi6818838559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WilsonBJCowanHJLordJAZuegeDJZygunDAThe accuracy of pulse oximetry in emergency department patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective cohort studyBMC Emerg Med201010920444248
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MartinDSGrocottMPOxygen therapy in critical illness: precise control of arterial oxygenation and permissive hypoxemiaCrit Care Med201341242343223263574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SaugstadODAuneDOptimal oxygenation of extremely low birth weight infants: a meta-analysis and systematic review of the oxygen saturation target studiesNeonatology20141051556324247112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BohnhorstBPeterCSPoetsCFDetection of hyperoxaemia in neonates: data from three new pulse oximetersArch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed2002873F217F21912390996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SalyerJWNeonatal and pediatric pulse oximetryResp Care2003484386396
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RosychukRJHudson-MasonAEklundDLacaze-MasmonteilTDiscrepancies between arterial oxygen saturation and functional oxygen saturation measured with pulse oximetry in very preterm infantsNeonatology20121011141921791935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MendelsonYKentJCVariations in optical absorption spectra of adult and fetal hemoglobins and its effect on pulse oximetryIEEE Trans Biomed Eng19893688448482474489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WhyteRKJangaardKADooleyKCFrom oxygen content to pulse oximetry: completing the picture in the newbornActa Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl1995107951008599308
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ShiaoSYOuCNValidation of oxygen saturation monitoring in neonatesAm J Crit Care200716216817817322018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MahleWTNewburgerJWMatherneGPRole of pulse oximetry in examining newborns for congenital heart disease: a scientific statement from the AHA and AAPPediatrics2009124282383619581259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EwerAKFurmstonATMiddletonLJPulse oximetry as a screening test for congenital heart defects in newborn infants: a test accuracy study with evaluation of acceptability and cost-effectivenessHealth Technol Assess20121621184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MahleWTMartinGRBeekmanRH3rdEndorsement of Health and Human Services recommendation for pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart diseasePediatrics2012129119019222201143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ThangaratinamSBrownKZamoraJKhanKSEwerAKPulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart defects (CCHD) in asymptomatic newborns: a systematic review and meta analysisLancet201237998352459246422554860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ToffalettiJZijlstraWGMisconceptions in reporting oxygen saturationAnesth Analg20071056S5S918048899
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarkerSJCurryJRedfordDMorganSMeasurement of carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin by pulse oximetry: a human volunteer studyAnesthesiology2006105589289717065881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AnnabiEHBarkerSJSevere methemoglobinemia detected by pulse oximetryAnesth Analg2009108389889919224799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FeinerJRRollinsMDSallJWEilersHAuPBicklerPEAccuracy of carboxyhemoglobin detection by pulse CO-oximetry during hypoxemiaAnesth Analg2013117484785823477959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TougerMBirnbaumAWangJChouKPearsonDBijurPPerformance of the RAD-57 pulse CO-oximeter compared with standard laboratory carboxyhemoglobin measurementAnn Emerg Med201056438238820605259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SebbaneMClaretPGMercierGEmergency department management of suspected carbon monoxide poisoning: role of pulse CO-oximetryRespir Care201358101614162023513247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MendelsonYOchsBDNoninvasive pulse oximetry utilizing skin reflectance photoplethysmographyIEEE Trans Biomed Eng198835107988053192229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AgasheGSCoakleyJMannheimerPDForehead pulse oximetry headband use helps alleviate false low readings likely related to venous pulsation artifactAnesthesiology200610561111111617122573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BerkenboschJWTobiasJDComparison of a new forehead reflectance pulse oximeter sensor with a conventional digit sensor in pediatric patientsRespir Care200651772673116800905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchallomLSonaCMcSweeneyMMazuskiJComparison of forehead and digit oximetry in surgical/trauma patients at risk for decreased peripheral perfusionHeart Lung200736318819417509425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FernandezMBurnsKCalhounBSarammaGMartinBWeaverCEvaluation of a new pulse oximeter sensorAm J Crit Care200716214615217322015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HodgsonCLTuxenDVHollandAEKeatingJLComparison of forehead Max-Fast pulse oximetry sensor with finger sensor at high positive end-expiratory pressure in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndromeAnaesth Intensive Care200937695396020014602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KyriacouPAPowellSLangfordRMJonesDPEsophageal pulse oximetry utilizing reflectance photoplethysmographyIEEE Trans Biomed Eng200249111360136812450366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChenGZhuZLiuJWeiWEsophageal pulse oximetry is more accurate and detects hypoxemia earlier than conventional pulse oximetry during general anesthesiaFront Med20126440641023054501
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BrimacombeJKellerCSuccessful pharyngeal pulse oximetry in low perfusion statesCan J Anaesth200047990790910989864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrimacombeJKellerCMargreiterJA pilot study of left tracheal pulse oximetryAnesth Analg20009141003100611004064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HynsonJMSesslerDIBelaniKThermoregulatory vasoconstriction during propofol/nitrous oxide anesthesia in humans: threshold and oxyhemoglobin saturationAnesth Analg19927569479521443713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchrammWMBartunekAGillyHEffect of local limb temperature on pulse oximetry and the plethysmographic pulse waveInt J Clin Monit Comput199714117229127780
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TalkePStapelfeldtCEffect of peripheral vasoconstriction on pulse oximetryJ Clin Monit Comput200620530530916841243
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ReddyKAGeorgeBMohanNNKumarVJA novel calibration-free method of measurement of oxygen saturation in arterial bloodIEEE Instrum Meas Mag200958516991705
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FranceschiniMAGrattonEFantiniSNoninvasive optical method of measuring tissue and arterial saturation: an application to absolute pulse oximetry of the brainOpt Lett1999241282983118073868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NitzanMBabchenkoAKhanokhBTaitelbaumHThe measurement of oxygen saturation in venous blood by dynamic near infrared spectroscopyJ Biomed Optics200052155162
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZijlstraWGBuursmaAMeeuwsen-van der RoestWPAbsorption spectra of human fetal and adult oxyhemoglobin, de-oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and methemoglobinClin Chem1991379163316381716537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CopeMThe Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Non Invasive Monitoring of Cerebral Oxygenation in the Newborn Infant [doctoral thesis]LondonUniversity College London1991
   Google Scholar
• PrahlSATabulated molar extinction coefficient for hemoglobin in water1998 Available from: http://omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/hemoglobin/summary.htmlAccessed May 26, 2014
   Google Scholar
• KimJGLiuHVariation of haemoglobin extinction coefficients can cause errors in the determination of haemoglobin concentration measured by near-infrared spectroscopyPhys Med Biol200752206295632217921586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NitzanMNoachSTobalECalibration-free pulse oximetry based on two wavelengths in the infrared – a preliminary studySensors20141447420743424763216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TownshendJTaylorBJGallandBWilliamsSComparison of new generation motion-resistant pulse oximetersJ Paediatr Child Health200642635936516737478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WijshoffRWMischiMWoerleePHAartsRMImproving pulse oximetry accuracy by removing motion artifacts from photoplethysmograms using relative sensor motion: a preliminary studyAdv Exp Med Biol201378941141723852523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CannessonMTalkePRecent advances in pulse oximetryF1000 Med Rep20091pii6620948714
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WaltonZDKyriacouPASilvermanDGShelleyKHMeasuring venous oxygenation using the photoplethysmograph waveformJ Clin Monit Comput201024429530320644985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ThieleRHTucker-SchwartzJMLuYGilliesGTDurieuxMETranscutaneous regional venous oximetry: a feasibility studyAnesth Analg201111261353135721613200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DelpyDTCopeMQuantification in tissue near-infrared spectroscopyPhilos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci19973521354649659
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WolfMFerrariMQuaresimaVProgress of near-infrared spectroscopy and topography for brain and muscle clinical applicationsJ Biomed Opt200712606210418163807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SorensenLCGreisenGPrecision of measurement of cerebral tissue oxygenation index using near-infrared spectroscopy in preterm neonatesJ Biomed Opt200611505400517092154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De BlasiRAFerrariMNataliAContiGMegaAGasparettoANoninvasive measurement of forearm blood flow and oxygen consumption by near-infrared spectroscopyJ Appl Physiol1994763138813938005887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WardleSPYoxallCWWeindlingAMPeripheral oxygenation in hypotensive preterm babiesPediatr Res199945334334910088652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YoxallCWWeindlingAMDawaniNHPeartIMeasurement of cerebral venous oxyhemoglobin saturation in children by near-infrared spectroscopy and partial jugular venous occlusionPediatr Res19953833193237494653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ElwellCEMatcherSJTyszczukLMeekJHDelpyDTMeasurement of cerebral venous saturation in adults using near infrared spectroscopyAdv Exp Med Biol19974114534609269462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FranceschiniMABoasDAZourabianANear-infrared spiroximetry: noninvasive measurements of venous saturation in piglets and human subjectsJ Appl Physiol200292137238411744680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MenssenJColierWHopmanJLiemDde KorteCA method to calculate arterial and venous saturation from near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)Adv Exp Med Biol200964513514019227462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WolfMDucGKeelMNiedererPContinuous noninvasive measurement of cerebral arterial and venous oxygen saturation at the bedside in mechanically ventilated neonatesCrit Care Med1997259157915829295835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar