References
- Koch-HenriksenNSorensenPSThe changing demographic pattern of multiple sclerosis epidemiologyLancet Neurol20109552053220398859
- FilippiMBozzaliMRovarisMEvidence for widespread axonal damage at the earliest clinical stage of multiple sclerosisBrain2003126Pt 243343712538409
- CalabreseMRinaldiFMattisiIThe predictive value of gray matter atrophy in clinically isolated syndromesNeurology201177325726321613600
- HartungHPMontalbanXSorensenPSVermerschPOlssonTPrinciples of a new treatment algorithm in multiple sclerosisExpert Rev Neurother201111335136221375441
- KhademiMKockumIAnderssonMLCerebrospinal fluid CXCL13 in multiple sclerosis: a suggestive prognostic marker for the disease courseMult Scler201117333534321135023
- ChardDTGeurtsJJPredicting the development of multiple sclerosis: is gray matter a missing piece of the puzzle?Neurology201177321021121613598
- WiendlHToykaKVRieckmannPGoldRHartungHPHohlfeldRBasic and escalating immunomodulatory treatments in multiple sclerosis: current therapeutic recommendationsJ Neurol2008255101449146319005625
- RansohoffRMNatalizumab for multiple sclerosisN Engl J Med2007356252622262917582072
- RiceGPHartungHPCalabresiPAAnti-alpha4 integrin therapy for multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and rationaleNeurology20056481336134215851719
- RudickRAStuartWHCalabresiPANatalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosisN Engl J Med2006354991192316510745
- PolmanCHO’ConnorPWHavrdovaEA randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosisN Engl J Med2006354989991016510744
- WarnkeCAdamsOGoldRProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy under natalizumab. Initial possibilities for risk stratification?Nervenarzt2011824475480 [German]21240604
- WarnkeCMengeTHartungHPNatalizumab and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: what are the causal factors and can it be avoided?Arch Neurol201067892393020697042
- CliffordDBDe LucaASimpsonDMArendtGGiovannoniGNathANatalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: lessons from 28 casesLancet Neurol20109443844620298967
- YousryTAMajorEORyschkewitschCEvaluation of patients treated with natalizumab for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyN Engl J Med2006354992493316510746
- SandrockAHCRichmanSNatarajanARisk stratification for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in MS patients: role of prior immunosuppressant use, natalizumab-treatment duration, and anti-JCV antibody statusPaper presented at: The 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology2011 Apr 9–16Honolulu, Hawaii
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)FDA approves first oral drug to reduce MS relapses [press release]Sep 222010 Available at: http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm226755.htmAccessed June 1, 2011
- European Medicines Agency (EMA)Assessment report: Gilenya. Doc Ref: EMA/108602/2011February 172011 Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/002202/WC500104529.pdfAccessed June 1, 2011
- FujitaTInoueKYamamotoSFungal metabolites: Part 11, a potent immunosuppressive activity found in Isaria sinclairii metaboliteJ Antibiot (Tokyo)19944722082158150717
- Novartis Pharmaceutical CorporationPrescribing information Available at: http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/product/pi/pdf/gilenya.pdfAccessed June 1, 2011
- HlaTBrinkmannVSphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P): physiology and the effects of S1P receptor modulationNeurology2011768 Suppl 3S3821339489
- AktasOKuryPKieseierBHartungHPFingolimod is a potential novel therapy for multiple sclerosisNat Rev Neurol20106737338220551946
- MatloubianMLoCGCinamonGLymphocyte egress from thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs is dependent on S1P receptor 1Nature2004427697235536014737169
- BrinkmannVDavisMDHeiseCEThe immune modulator FTY720 targets sphingosine 1-phosphate receptorsJ Biol Chem200227724214532145711967257
- MandalaSHajduRBergstromJAlteration of lymphocyte trafficking by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonistsScience2002296556634634911923495
- PolmanCHReingoldSCEdanGDiagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the “McDonald Criteria”Ann Neurol200558684084616283615
- KurtzkeJFRating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS)Neurology19833311144414526685237
- KapposLRadueEWO’ConnorPA placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosisN Engl J Med2010362538740120089952
- CohenJABarkhofFComiGOral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosisN Engl J Med2010362540241520089954
- KhatriBBarkhofFComiGComparison of fingolimod with interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised extension of the TRANSFORMS studyLancet Neurol201110652052921571593
- ClinicalTrials.gov [database online]Bethesda, MDUS National Institutes of Health Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=fingolimod+AND+multiple+sclerosisAccessed June 1, 2011
- EspinosaPSBergerJRDelayed fingolimod-associated asystoleMult Scler2011In press
- CollinsWFrancisGKorenLack of interaction between fingolimod (FTY720) and oral contraceptives, and pregnancy experience in the clinical program of fingolimod in multiple sclerosisPaper presented at: The 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology2011 Apr 9–16Honolulu, Hawaii
- KieseierBCWiendlHTransforming multiple sclerosis trials into practical realityLancet Neurol201110649349421571592
- TurnerAPWilliamsRMSloanAPHaselkornJKInjection anxiety remains a long-term barrier to medication adherence in multiple sclerosisRehabil Psychol200954111612119618711
- PinschewerDDBrinkmannVMerklerDImpact of sphingosine 1-phosphate modulation on immune outcomesNeurology2011768 Suppl 3S151921339486
- MehlingMJohnsonTAAntelJKapposLBar-OrAClinical immunology of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator fingolimod (FTY720) in multiple sclerosisNeurology2011768 Suppl 3S202721339487
- KowarikMCPellkoferHLCepokSDifferential effects of fingolimod (FTY720) on immune cells in the CSF and blood of patients with MSNeurology201176141214122121464424
- StüveOMarraCMBar-OrAAltered CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratios in cerebrospinal fluid of natalizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosisArch Neurol200663101383138717030653
- MehlingMHilbertPFritzSAntigen-specific adaptive immune responses in fingolimod-treated multiple sclerosis patientsAnn Neurol201169240841321387383