References
- MarksIMThe Agoraphobic Syndrome (Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia)Fears, Phobia and RitualNew YorkOxford University Press1987323361
- American Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental DisordersFourth Edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)Washington, DCAmerican Psychiatric Association2000
- World Health OrganizationICD-10, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems10th edArlington, VAAmerican Psychiatry Publishing1992
- KleinDFKleinHMThe utility of the panic disorder conceptEur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci19892385–62682792670574
- BreierACharneyDSHeningerGRAgoraphobia with panic attacks: development, diagnostic stability, and course of illnessArch Gen Psychiatry19864311102910363767595
- NoyesRThe natural history of anxiety disordersRothMNoyesRJrBarrowsGDHandbook of Anxiety: Biological, Clinical and Cultural Perspective1Amsterdam, The NetherlandsElsevier Science Publishers1988115133
- WittchenHUNoconABeesdoKAgoraphobia and panic: prospective-longitudinal relations suggest a rethinking of diagnostic conceptsPsychother Psychosom200877314715718277061
- FavaGARafanelliCTossaniEGrandiSAgoraphobia is a disease: a tribute to Sir Martin RothPsychother Psychosom200877313313818277059
- FaravelliCCosciFRotellaFFaravelliLCatena Dell’ossoMAgoraphobia between panic and phobias: clinical epidemiology from the Sesto Fiorentino StudyCompr Psychiatry200849328328718396188
- PernaGUnderstanding anxiety disorders: from psychology to psychopathology of defense mechanisms from threatRiv Psichiatr2011In press
- WittchenHUGlosterATBeesdo-BaumKFavaGACraskeMGAgoraphobia: a review of the diagnostic classificatory position and criteriaDepress Anxiety201027211313320143426
- PerugiGFrareFToniCDiagnosis and treatment of agoraphobia with panic disorderCNS Drugs200721974176417696574
- SugayaNKaiyaHKumanoHNomuraSRelationship between sub-types of irritable bowel syndrome and severity of symptoms associated with panic disorderScand J Gastroenterol200843667568118569984
- MichaelTBlechertJVriendsNMargrafJWilhelmFHFear conditioning in panic disorder: enhanced resistance to extinctionJ Abnorm Psychol2007116361261717696717
- LissekSRabinSHellerREOvergeneralization of conditioned fear as a pathogenic marker of panic disorderAm J Psychiatry20101671475519917595
- LissekSRabinSJMcDowellDJImpaired discriminative fear-conditioning resulting from elevated fear responding to learned safety cues among individuals with panic disorderBehav Res Ther200947211111819027893
- BrittonJCLissekSGrillonCNorcrossMAPineDSDevelopment of anxiety: the role of threat appraisal and fear learningDepress Anxiety201128151720734364
- McTeagueLMLangPJLaplanteMCBradleyMMAversive imagery in panic disorder: agoraphobia severity, comorbidity, and defensive physiologyBiol Psychiatry201170541542421550590
- ZanoveliJMFerreira-NettoCBrandãoMLConditioned place aversion organized in the dorsal periaqueductal gray recruits the laterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and the basolateral amygdalaExp Neurol2007208112713617900567
- WittmannASchlagenhaufFJohnTA new paradigm (Westphal-Paradigm) to study the neural correlates of panic disorder with agoraphobiaEur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci2011261318519421113608
- CritchleyHDThe human cortex responds to an interoceptive challengeProc Natl Acad Sci U S A2004101176333633415096592
- JohnstoneTvan ReekumCMUrryHLKalinNHDavidsonRJFailure to regulate: counterproductive recruitment of top-down prefrontal-subcortical circuitry in major depressionJ Neurosci200727338877888417699669
- PasquiniMBerardelliIAnxiety levels and related pharmacological drug treatment: a memorandum for the third millenniumAnn Ist Super Sanita200945219320419636172
- GormanJMKentJMSullivanGMCoplanJDNeuroanatomical hypothesis of panic disorder, revisedAm J Psychiatry2000157449350510739407
- MyersKMDavisMMechanisms of fear extinctionMol Psychiatry200712212015017160066
- VervlietBLearning and memory in conditioned fear extinction: effects of D-cycloserineActa Psychol (Amst)2008127360161317707326
- LuftTPereiraGSCammarotaMIzquierdoIDifferent time course for the memory facilitating effect of bicuculline in hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex of ratsNeurobiol Learn Mem2004821525615183170
- PernaGDarioACaldirolaDStefaniaBCesaraniABellodiLPanic disorder: the role of the balance systemJ Psychiatr Res200135527928611591430
- StaabJPChronic dizziness: the interface between psychiatry and neuro-otologyCurr Opin Neurol2006191414816415676
- RedfernMSFurmanJMJacobRGVisually induced postural sway in anxiety disordersJ Anxiety Disord200721570471617045776
- CaldirolaDTeggiRBondiSIs there a hypersensitive visual alarm system in panic disorder?Psychiatry Res2011187338739121477868
- BrandtTPhobic postural vertigoNeurology1996466151515198649539
- LöscherWAbnormal circling behavior in rat mutants and its relevance to model specific brain dysfunctionsNeurosci Biobehav Rev2010341314919607857
- LourencoSFLongoMRPathmanTNear space and its relation to claustrophobic fearCognition2011119344845321396630
- KellnerMWiedemannKZihlJIllumination perception in photophobic patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobiaActa Psychiatr Scand199796172749259228
- CastrogiovanniPPieracciniFIapichinoSElectroretinogram B-wave amplitude in panic disorderCNS Spectr20016321021316951655
- PurdyRAThe role of the visual system in migraine: an updateNeurol Sci201132Suppl 1S89S9321533721
- YamadaKMoriwakiKOisoHIshigookaJHigh prevalence of comorbidity of migraine in outpatients with panic disorder and effectiveness of psychopharmacotherapy for both disorders: a retrospective open label studyPsychiatry Res20111851–214514820546930
- TeggiRCaldirolaDColomboBDizziness, migrainous vertigo and psychiatric disordersJ Laryngol Otol2010124328529019954562
- Van ApeldoornFJTimmermanMEMerschPPA randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or both combined for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: treatment results through 1-year follow-upJ Clin Psychiatry201071557458620492852
- National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) in adults: management in primary, secondary and community careNICE clinical guideline11312011 Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/13314/52599/52599.pdfAccessed on September 15, 2011
- Van ApeldoornFJvan HoutWJMerschPPIs a combined therapy more effective than either CBT or SSRI alone? Results of a multicenter trial on panic disorder with or without agoraphobiaActa Psychiatr Scand2008117426027018307586
- ToniCPerugiGFrareFMataBAkiskalHSSpontaneous treatment discontinuation in panic disorder patients treated with antidepressantsActa Psychiatr Scand2004110213013715233713
- MavissakalianMRPerelJM2nd year maintenance and discontinuation of imipramine in panic disorder with agoraphobiaAnn Clin Psychiatry2001132636711534926
- MavissakalianMRPerelJMDuration of imipramine therapy and relapse in panic disorder with agoraphobiaJ Clin Psychopharmacol200222329429912006900
- MarchandACoutuMFDupuisGTreatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia: randomized placebo-controlled trial of four psychosocial treatments combined with imipramine or placeboCogn Behav Ther200837314615918608313
- BandelowBBroocksAPekrunGThe use of the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (P&A) in a controlled clinical trialPharmacopsychiatry200033517418111071019
- PernaGBertaniACaldirolaDGabrieleACocchiSBellodiLAntipanic drug modulation of 35% CO2 hyperreactivity and short-term treatment outcomeJ Clin Psychopharmacol200222330030812006901
- UhlenhuthEHWarnerTDMatuzasWInteractive model of therapeutic response in panic disorder: moclobemide, a case in pointJ Clin Psychopharmacol200222327528412006898
- ValençaAMNardiAENascimentoIMezzasalmaMALopesFLZinWDouble-blind clonazepam vs placebo in panic disorder treatmentArq Neuropsiquiatr20005841025102911105068
- ValençaAMNardiAEMezzasalmaMATherapeutic response to benzodiazepine in panic disorder subtypesSao Paulo Med J20031212778012870055
- KatzelnickDJSaidiJVanelliMRJeffersonJWHarperJMMcCraryKETime to response in panic disorder in a naturalistic setting: combination therapy with alprazolam orally disintegrating tablets and serotonin reuptake inhibitors compared to serotonin reuptake inhibitors alonePsychiatry (Edgmont)2006312394920877555
- UhlenhuthEHMatuzasWWarnerTDPaineSLydiardRBPollackMHDo antidepressants selectively suppress spontaneous (unexpected) panic attacks? A replicationJ Clin Psychopharmacol200020662262711106133
- KampmanMKeijsersGPHoogduinCAHendriksGJA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of adjunctive paroxetine in panic disorder patients unsuccessfully treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy aloneJ Clin Psychiatry200263977277712363116
- HendriksGJKeijsersGPKampmanMA randomized controlled study of paroxetine and cognitive-behavioural therapy for late-life panic disorderActa Psychiatr Scand20101221111919958308
- WedekindDBroocksAWeissNEngelKNeubertKBandelowBA randomized, controlled trial of aerobic exercise in combination with paroxetine in the treatment of panic disorderWorld J Biol Psychiatry201011790491320602575
- BandelowBBehnkeKLenoirSSertraline versus paroxetine in the treatment of panic disorder: an acute, double-blind noninferiority comparisonJ Clin Psychiatry200465340541315096081
- StahlSMGergelILiDEscitalopram in the treatment of panic disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialJ Clin Psychiatry200364111322132714658946
- BandelowBSteinDJDolbergOTAndersenHFBaldwinDSImprovement of quality of life in panic disorder with escitalopram, citalopram, or placeboPharmacopsychiatry200740415215617694478
- PernaGBertaniACaldirolaDSmeraldiEBellodiLA comparison of citalopram and paroxetine in the treatment of panic disorder: a randomized, single-blind studyPharmacopsychiatry2001343859011434404
- VersianiMCassanoGPerugiGReboxetine, a selective norepi-nephrine reuptake inhibitor, is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for panic disorderJ Clin Psychiatry2002631313711838623
- BertaniAPernaGMigliareseGComparison of the treatment with paroxetine and reboxetine in panic disorder: a randomized, single-blind studyPharmacopsychiatry200437520621015359375
- PollackMHLepolaUKoponenHA double-blind study of the efficacy of venlafaxine extended-release, paroxetine, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorderDepress Anxiety200724111416894619
- PandeACPollackMHCrockattJPlacebo-controlled study of gabapentin treatment of panic disorderJ Clin Psychopharmacol200020446747110917408
- SandfordJJForshallSBellCCrossover trial of pagoclone and placebo in patients with DSM-IV panic disorderJ Psychopharmacol200115320520811565630
- OttoMWTolinDFSimonNMEfficacy of D-cycloserine for enhancing response to cognitive-behavior therapy for panic disorderBiol Psychiatry201067436537019811776
- SiegmundAGolfelsFFinckCD-cycloserine does not improve but might slightly speed up the outcome of in-vivo exposure therapy in patients with severe agoraphobia and panic disorder in a randomized double blind clinical trialJ Psychiatr Res20114581042104721377691
- PalatnikAFrolovKFuxMBenjaminJDouble-blind, controlled, crossover trial of inositol versus fluvoxamine for the treatment of panic disorderJ Clin Psychopharmacol200121333533911386498
- MitteKA meta-analysis of the efficacy of psycho- and pharmacotherapy in panic disorder with and without agoraphobiaJ Affect Disord2005881274516005982
- OttoMWBruceSEDeckersbachTBenzodiazepine use, cognitive impairment, and cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: issues in the treatment of a patient in needJ Clin Psychiatry200566Suppl 2343815762818
- LevineJControlled trials of inositol in psychiatryEur Neuropsychopharmacol1997721471559169302
- BenjaminJLevineJFuxMAvivALevyDBelmakerRHDouble- blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of inositol treatment for panic disorderAm J Psychiatry19951527108410867793450
- PernaGAlpiniDCaldirolaDRaponiGCesaraniABellodiLSerotonergic modulation of the balance system in panic disorder: an open studyDepress Anxiety200317210110612621600
- KaplanGBMooreKAThe use of cognitive enhancers in animal models of fear extinctionPharmacol Biochem Behav201199221722821256147
- ResslerKJRothbaumBOTannenbaumLCognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy: use of D-cycloserine in phobic individuals to facilitate extinction of fearArch Gen Psychiatry200461111136114415520361
- MoreiraFALutzBThe endocannabinoid system: emotion, learning and addictionAddict Biol200813219621218422832
- HernandezGCheerJFExtinction learning of rewards in the rat: is there a role for CB1 receptors?Psychopharmacology (Berl)2011217218919721519986
- ChhatwalJPDavisMMaguschakKAResslerKJEnhancing cannabinoid neurotransmission augments the extinction of conditioned fearNeuropsychopharmacology200530351652415637635
- OttoMWMcHughRKKantakKMCombined pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: medication effects, glucocorticoids, and attenuated outcomesClin Psychol Sci Prac201017291103
- de QuervainDJBentzDMichaelTGlucocorticoids enhance extinction-based psychotherapyProc Natl Acad Sci U S A2011108166621662521444799
- SiegmundAKösterLMevesAMPlagJStoyMStröhleAStress hormones during flooding therapy and their relationship to therapy outcome in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobiaJ Psychiatr Res201145333934620673917