References
- YoungKSPsychology of computer use: XL. Addictive use of the Internet: a case that breaks the stereotypePsychol Rep1996793 Pt 18999028969098
- YoungKSde AbreuCNInternet Addiction: A Handbook and Guide to Evaluation and TreatmentHoboken, NJJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc2010
- American Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders5th ed716Washington, DCAmerican Psychiatric Association2013
- KussDJGriffithsMDPontesHMChaos and confusion in DSM-5 diagnosis of Internet gaming disorder: issues, concerns, and recommendations for clarity in the fieldJ Behav Addict20176210310927599673
- WidyantoLGriffithsMInternet addiction: does it really exist? (revisited)Psychology and the Internet (Second Edition)New YorkAcademic Press2007
- GriffithsMA ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial frameworkJ Subst Use2005104191197
- LachmannBSariyskaRKannenCCooperAMontagCLife satisfaction and problematic internet use: evidence for gender specific effectsPsychiatry Res201623836336727011335
- BrandMTheoretical models of the development and maintenance of Internet addictionMontagCReuterMInternet Addiction Studies in Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavioral EconomicsChamSpringer International Publishing20171934
- DongGPotenzaMNA cognitive-behavioral model of Internet gaming disorder: theoretical underpinnings and clinical implicationsJ Psychiatr Res20145871125062755
- BrandMYoungKSLaierCPrefrontal control and Internet addiction: a theoretical model and review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging findingsFront Hum Neurosci2014837524904393
- AnandNThomasCJainPAInternet use behaviors, Internet addiction and psychological distress among medical college students: a multi centre study from South IndiaAsian J Psychiatr201837717730145540
- LiYZhangXLuFZhangQWangYInternet addiction among elementary and middle school students in China: a nationally representative sample studyCyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw201417211111623971432
- TangCSKohYWGanYAddiction to internet use, online gaming, and online social networking among young adults in China, Singapore, and the United StatesAsia Pac J Public Health201729867368229191049
- SharmaASharmaRInternet addiction and psychological well-being among college students: a cross-sectional study from central IndiaJ Family Med Prim Care20187114729915749
- HoareEMiltonKFosterCAllenderSDepression, psychological distress and internet use among community-based Australian adolescents: a cross-sectional studyBMC Public Health201717136528449667
- MorrisonCMGoreHThe relationship between excessive internet use and depression: a questionnaire-based study of 1,319 young people and adultsPsychopathology201043212112620110764
- OstovarSAllahyarNAminpoorHMoafianFNorMBMGriffithsMDInternet addiction and its psychosocial risks (depression, anxiety, stress and loneliness) among Iranian adolescents and young adults: a structural equation model in a cross-sectional studyInt J Ment Health Addict2016143257267
- TokunagaRSA meta-analysis of the relationships between psychosocial problems and Internet habits: synthesizing Internet addiction, problematic internet use, and deficient self-regulation researchCommun Monogr2017844423446
- YoungKSInternet addiction: the emergence of a new clinical disorderCyberpsychol Behav199813237244
- YoungKSCaught in the Net: How to Recognize the Signs of Internet Addiction-and a Winning Strategy for RecoveryNew YorkJohn Wiley1998
- TsumuraHKandaHSugayaNTsuboiSTakahashiKPrevalence and risk factors of Internet addiction among employed adults in JapanJ Epidemiol201828420220629151474
- MiharaSOsakiYNakayamaHInternet use and problematic internet use among adolescents in Japan: a nationwide representative surveyAddict Behav Rep20164586429511725
- JohanssonAGötestamKGInternet addiction: characteristics of a questionnaire and prevalence in Norwegian youth (12–18 years)Scand J Psychol200445322322915182240
- FurukawaTAKawakamiNSaitohMThe performance of the Japanese version of the K6 and K10 in the world mental health survey JapanInt J Methods Psychiatr Res200817315215818763695
- KesslerRCAndrewsGColpeLJShort screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distressPsychol Med200232695997612214795
- JelenchickLABeckerTMorenoMAAssessing the psychometric properties of the Internet addiction test (IAT) in US college studentsPsychiatry Res20121962–329630122386568
- WidyantoLMcmurranMThe psychometric properties of the Internet addiction testCyberpsychol Behav20047444345015331031
- ZalavadiyaDDJoshiNBThakrarDVMitraAHKanabarBROzaJREvaluation of internet addiction status and effects among medical studentsInt J Community Med Public Health20163615681572
- ChooHGentileDASimTLiDKhooALiauAKPathological video-gaming among Singaporean youthAnn Acad Med Singap2010391182282921165520
- Statistic IS. SPSS 23.0 for WindowsChicago, IL2015 Available from: https://www.ibm.com/products/spss-statisticsAccessed November 3, 2018
- Global Biodiversity Information FacilityR: A Language and Environment for Statistical ComputingR Foundation for Statistical ComputingAustria2018 Available from: https://www.gbif.org/tool/81287/r-a-language-and-environment-for-statistical-computingAccessed November 3, 2018
- RosenkranzTMüllerKWDreierMBeutelMEWölflingKAddictive potential of Internet applications and differential correlates of problematic use in Internet Gamers versus generalized Internet users in a representative sample of adolescentsEur Addict Res201723314815628618419
- DuvenECMüllerKWBeutelMEWölflingKAltered reward processing in pathological computer gamers–ERP-results from a semi-natural gaming-designBrain Behav201551132325722946
- KingDLDelfabbroPHThe cognitive psychology of Internet gaming disorderClin Psychol Rev201434429830824786896
- KingDLHerdMCEDelfabbroPHTolerance in Internet gaming disorder: a need for increasing gaming time or something else?J Behav Addict20176452553329137493
- MihajlovMVejmelkaLInternet addiction: a review of the first twenty yearsPsychiatr Danub201729326027228949307
- van den EijndenRJMeerkerkGJVermulstAASpijkermanREngelsRCOnline communication, compulsive internet use, and psychosocial well-being among adolescents: a longitudinal studyDev Psychol200844365566518473634
- BrandMLaierCYoungKSInternet addiction: coping styles, expectancies, and treatment implicationsFront Psychol20145375125625426088
- DavisRAA cognitive-behavioral model of pathological internet useComput Human Behav2001172187195
- LachmannBSindermannCSariyskaRYThe role of empathy and life satisfaction in Internet and smartphone use disorderFront Psychol2018939829636714
- YücensBÜzerAThe relationship between Internet addiction, social anxiety, impulsivity, self-esteem, and depression in a sample of Turkish undergraduate medical studentsPsychiatry Res201826731331829957547
- ElavarasanKDhandapaniTNormanPVidyaDCManiGThe association between Internet addiction, social phobia and depression in medical college studentsInt J Community Med Public Health20185104351
- KrautRKieslerSBonevaBCummingsJHelgesonVCrawfordAInternet paradox revisitedJ Soc Issues20025814974
- DurkeeTKaessMCarliVPrevalence of pathological internet use among adolescents in Europe: demographic and social factorsAddiction2012107122210222222621402
- PontesHMInvestigating the differential effects of social networking site addiction and Internet gaming disorder on psychological healthJ Behav Addict20176460161029130329
- MiharaSHiguchiSCross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies of Internet gaming disorder: a systematic review of the literaturePsychiatry Clin Neurosci201771742544428436212
- KussDJGriffithsMDKarilaLBillieuxJInternet addiction: a systematic review of epidemiological research for the last decadeCurr Pharm Des201420254026405224001297
- BhandariPMNeupaneDRijalSThapaKMishraSRPoudyalAKSleep quality, Internet addiction and depressive symptoms among undergraduate students in NepalBMC Psychiatry201717110628327098
- ChenYLChenSHGauSSADHD and autistic traits, family function, parenting style, and social adjustment for Internet addiction among children and adolescents in Taiwan: a longitudinal studyRes Dev Disabil201539203125617844
- Lopez-FernandezOKussDJRomoLSelf-reported dependence on mobile phones in young adults: a European cross-cultural empirical surveyJ Behav Addict20176216817728425777
- Vigna-TagliantiFBrambillaRPriottoBAngelinoRCuomoGDiecidueRProblematic internet use among high school students: prevalence, associated factors and gender differencesPsychiatry Res201725716317128759791
- TokunagaRSRainsSAAn evaluation of two characterizations of the relationships between problematic internet use, time spent using the Internet, and psychosocial problemsHum Commun Res2010364512545
- ChaudhariBMenonPSaldanhaDTewariABhattacharyaLInternet addiction and its determinants among medical studentsInd Psychiatry J201524215816227212820
- HongSYouSKimENoUA group-based modeling approach to estimating longitudinal trajectories of Korean adolescents’ on-line game timePers Individ Dif201459915
- WilloughbyTA short-term longitudinal study of Internet and computer game use by adolescent boys and girls: prevalence, frequency of use, and psychosocial predictorsDev psychol200844119520418194017
- ElASteenEStavropoulosVInternet use and problematic internet use: a systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent adulthoodInt J Adolesc Youth2016224125
- YuCLiXZhangWPredicting adolescent problematic online game use from teacher autonomy support, basic psychological needs satisfaction, and school engagement: a 2-year longitudinal studyCyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw201518422823325803769
- KocMGulyagciSFacebook addiction among Turkish college students: the role of psychological health, demographic, and usage characteristicsCyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw201316427928423286695
- AmsWCheung ViKLHungEPWPsychological risk factors of addiction to social networking sites among Chinese smartphone usersJ Behav Addict20132316016625215198
- LimJ-AGwakARParkSMAre adolescents with Internet addiction prone to aggressive behavior? The mediating effect of clinical comorbidities on the predictability of aggression in adolescents with Internet addictionCyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw201518526026725902276
- LiMDengYRenYGuoSHeXObesity status of middle school students in Xiangtan and its relationship with Internet addictionObesity201422248248723929670
- KussDJLopez-FernandezOInternet addiction and problematic inter-net use: a systematic review of clinical researchWorld J Psychiatry20166114317627014605