Vagus Nerve Stimulation For Treatment Resistant Depression: Case Series Of Six Patients - Retrospective Efficacy And Safety Observation After One Year Follow Up

References

• World Health Organisation. Depression. (2018) Available from: http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression Accessed 1022, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Kiejna A, Piotrowski P, Adamowski T, et al. The prevalence of common mental disorders in the population of adult poles by sex and age structure – an EZOP Poland study. Psychiatr Pol. 2015;49(1):15–27. doi:10.12740/PP/3081125844407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Gonzalez L, Pickens GT, Washington R, Weiss AJ. Characteristics of Medicaid and uninsured hospitalisations, 2012 In: HCUP Statistical Brief #183. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Cipriani A, Furukawa T, Salanti G, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2018;391:1357–1366. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32802-729477251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaynes BN, Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Wisniewski SR, Spencer D, Fava M. The STAR*D study: treating depression in the real world. Cleve Clin J Med. 2008;75(1):57–66. doi:10.3949/ccjm.75.1.5718236731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thase ME, Rush JA. Treatment-resistant depression In: Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ, editors. Psychopharmacology. New York, NY: Raven; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Cleare A, Pariante CM, Young AH, et al.; Members of the Consensus M. Evidence-based guidelines for treating depressive disorders with antidepressants: a revision of the 2008 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines. J Psychopharmacol. 2015;29(5):459–525. doi:10.1177/026988111558109325969470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bschor T. Therapy-resistant depression. Expert Rev Neurother. 2010;10:77–86. doi:10.1586/ern.09.13720021322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiles N, Thomas L, Abel A, et al. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant depression in primary care: the CoBalT randomised controlled trial. Health Technol Assess. 2014;18:1–167. doi:10.3310/hta18310
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtzmann J, Richieri R, Saba G, et al. Quelle définition pour la dépression résistante? [How to define treatment-resistant depression?]. La Presse Médicale. 2016;45(3):323–328. doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2016.02.00226970938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller H, Moeller S, Lam A, Lücke C, Braun N, Philipsen A. Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) and other augmentation strategies for Therapy-Resistant Depression (TRD): review of the evidence and clinical advice for use. Front Neurosci. 2018;12(239). doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00239
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornaro M, Stubbs B, De Berardis D, et al. Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of acute bipolar depression with mixed features: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of placebo-controlled clinical trials. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17:241. doi:10.3390/ijms1702024126891297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlson F, Siskind D, Doi SA, McCallum E, Broome A, Lie DC. ECT effcacy and treatment course: a systematic review and metaanalysis of twice vs. thrice weekly schedules. J Affect Disord. 2012;138:1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.03921501875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kedzior KK, Schuchinsky M, Gerkensmeier I, Loo C. Challenges in comparing the acute cognitive outcomes of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) vs. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in major depression: a systematic review. J Psychiatr Res. 2017;91:14–17. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.00228288306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlaepfer TE, Lieb K. Deep brain stimulation for treatment of refractory depression. Lancet. 2005;366:1420–1422. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67582-416243078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buhmann C, Huckhagel T, Engel K, et al. Adverse events in deep brain stimulation: a retrospective longterm analysis of neurological, psychiatric and other occurrences. PLoS One. 2017;12(7). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178984
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rush AJ, George MS, Sackeim HA, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for treatment-resistant depression: a multicenter study. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;47:276–286. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00304-210686262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sackeim HA, Rush AJ, George MS, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for treatmentresistant depression: effcacy, side effects, and predictors of outcome. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001;25:713–728. doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00271-811682255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosel M, Schlaepfer TE. Beyond the treatment of epilepsy: new applications of vagus nerve stimulation in psychiatry. CNS Spectr. 2003;8:515–521. doi:10.1017/S109285290001898812894032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marangell LB, Rush AJ, George MS, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for major depressive episodes: one year outcomes. Biol Psychiatry. 2002;51:280–287. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01343-911958778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cusin C, Dougherty DD. Somatic therapies for treatmentresistant depression: ECT, TMS, VNS, DBS. Biol Mood Anxiety Disord. 2012;2:14. doi:10.1186/2045-5380-2-1422901565
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aalbers M, Vles J, Klinkenberg S, Hoogland G, Majoie M, Rijkers K. Animal models for vagus nerve stimulation in epilepsy. Exp Neurol. 2011;230:167–175. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.04.01421565191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulsey DR, Riley JR, Loerwald KW, Rennaker RL, Kilgard MP, Hays SA. Parametric characterization of neural activity in the locus coeruleus in response to vagus nerve stimulation. Exp Neurol. 2017;289:21–30. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.12.00527988257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruffoli R, Giorgi FS, Pizzanelli C, Murri L, Paparelli A, Fornai F. The chemical neuroanatomy of vagus nerve stimulation. J Chem Neuroanat. 2011;42:288–296. doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2010.12.00221167932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takigawa M, Mogenson GJ. A study of inputs to antidromically identified neurons of the locus coeruleus. Brain Res. 1977;135:217–230. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(77)91027-7922473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry TR. Therapeutic mechanisms of vagus nerve stimulation. Neurology. 2002;59(6 Suppl. 4):S3–S14. doi:10.1212/WNL.59.6_suppl_4.S3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimonpreza A, Raedta R, Baekenb C, Boona P, Voncka K. The antidepressant mechanism of action of vagus nerve stimulation: evidence from preclinical studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015;56:26–34. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.01926116875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prudic J, Sackeim HA, Devanand DP. Medication resistance and clinical response to electroconvulsive therapy. Psychiatry Res. 1990;31:287–296. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(90)90098-P1970656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naritoku DK, Terry WJ, Helfert RH. Regional induction of fos immunoreactivity in the brain by anticonvulsant stimulation of the vagus nerve. Epilepsy Res. 1995;22:53–62. doi:10.1016/0920-1211(95)00035-98565967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham JT, Mifflin SW, Gould GG, Frazer A. Induction of c-Fos and DeltaFosB immunoreactivity in rat brain by vagal nerve stimulation. Neuropsychopharmacology.;. 2008;33:1884–1895. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.130157017957222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furmaga H, Carreno FR, Frazer A. Vagal nerve stimulation rapidlyactivates brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor TrkB in rat brain. PLOSONE. 2012;7(5):e34844. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Follesa P. Vagus nerve stimulation increases norepinephrineconcentration and the gene expression of BDNF and bFGF in the rat brain. BrainRes. 2007;1179:28–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price JL, Drevets WC. Neurocircuitry of mood disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35(1):192–216. doi:10.1038/npp.2009.10419693001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlaepfer T, Frick C, Zobel A, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation for depression: efficacy and safety in a European study. Psychol Med. 2008;38:61–661. doi:10.1017/S0033291707001924
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carreno F, Frazer A. Vagal nerve stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Neurotherapeutics. 2017;14:716–727. doi:10.1007/s13311-017-0537-828585221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperling W, Reulbach U, Kornhuber J. Clinical benefits and cost effectiveness of vagus nerve stimulation in a long-term treatment of patients with major depression. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2009;42(3):85–88. doi:10.1055/s-0028-110329419452375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christmas D, Steele JD, Tolomeo S, Eljamel MS, Matthews K. Vagus nerve stimulation for chronic major depressive disorder: 12-month outcomes in highly treatment-refractory patients. J Affect Disord. 2013;150(3):1221–1225. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.08023816447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aaronson S, Sears P, Ruvuna F, et al. A 5-year observational study of patients with treatment-resistant depression treated with vagus nerve stimulation or treatment as usual: comparison of response, remission, and suicidality. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174:7. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16010034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milev RV, Giacobbe P, Kennedy SH; Group CDW. et al. Canadian network for mood and anxiety treatments (CANMAT) 2016 clinical guidelines for the management of adults with major depressive disorder: section 4. neurostimulation treatments. Can J Psychiatry. 2016;61(9):561–575. doi:10.1177/070674371666003327486154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cimpianu CL, Strube W, Falkai P, Palm U, Hasan A. Vagus nerve stimulation in psychiatry: a systematic review of the available evidence. J Neural Transm. 2017;124:145–158. doi:10.1007/s00702-016-1642-227848034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller MB. Issues in treatment-resistant depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66(Suppl 8):5–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar