Prognostic Analysis of Thymoma-Associated Myasthenia Gravis (MG) in Chinese Patients and Its Implication of MG Management: Experiences from a Tertiary Hospital

References

• Sanders DB, Wolfe GI, Benatar M, et al. International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: executive summary. Neurology. 2016;87(4):419–425. doi:10.1212/WNL.000000000000279027358333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maggi L, Andreetta F, Antozzi C, et al. Thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis: outcome, clinical and pathological correlations in 197 patients on a 20-year experience. J Neuroimmunol. 2008;201:237–244. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.07.01218722676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marx A, Pfister F, Schalke B, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Melms A, Ströbel P. The different roles of the thymus in the pathogenesis of the various myasthenia gravis subtypes. Autoimmun Rev. 2013;12(9):875–884. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2013.03.00723535159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okumura M, Ohta M, Tateyama H, et al. The World Health Organization histologic classification system reflects the oncologic behavior of thymoma: a clinical study of 273 patients. Cancer. 2002;94(3):624–632. doi:10.1002/cncr.1022611857293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondo K, Yoshizawa K, Tsuyuguchi M, et al. WHO histologic classification is a prognostic indicator in thymoma. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;77(4):1183–1188. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2003.07.04215063231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanska DJ. Indications for thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. Neurology. 1990;40(12):1828–1829. doi:10.1212/WNL.40.12.18282247228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen YD, Feng QF, Lu HZ, et al. Role of adjuvant radiotherapy for stage II thymoma after complete tumor resection. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;78(5):1400–1406. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.09.066
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman AT, Litzky L, Livolsi V, et al. Adjuvant radiotherapy for completely resected stage 2 thymoma. Cancer. 2011;117(15):3502–3508. doi:10.1002/cncr.2585121287527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Chen P, Ding L, et al. Clinical outcome and predictive factors of irradiation-associated myasthenia gravis exacerbation in thymomatous patients. Neurol Sci. 2015;36(11):2121–2127. doi:10.1007/s10072-015-2325-826209927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lysandropoulos AP, Mavroudakis N. Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis after postoperative radiotherapy for a thymoma. Acta Neurol Belg. 2012;112(1):65–66. doi:10.1007/s13760-012-0004-622427292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaretzki A, Barohn RJ, Ernstoff RM, et al. Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards. Neurology. 2000;55(1):16–23. doi:10.1212/WNL.55.1.1610891897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue L, Wang L, Dong J, et al. Risk factors of myasthenic crisis after thymectomy for thymoma patients with myasthenia gravis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2017;52:692–697. doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezx16329156018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanai T, Uzawa A, Kawaguchi N, et al. Predictive score for oral corticosteroid-induced initial worsening of seropositive generalized myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Sci. 2019;396(2019):8–11. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2018.10.01830391823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grob D, Brunner N, Namba T, Pagala M. Lifetime course of myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve. 2008;37(2):141–149. doi:10.1002/mus.2095018059039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zekeridou A, McKeon A, Lennon VA. Frequency of synaptic autoantibody accompaniments and neurological manifestations of thymoma. JAMA Neurol. 2016;73(7):853–859. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.060327135398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilhus NE. Myasthenia gravis. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(26):2570–2581. doi:10.1056/NEJMra160267828029925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romi F, Skeie GO, Gilhus NE, Aarli JA. Striational antibodies in myasthenia gravis: reactivity and possible clinical significance. Arch Neurol. 2005;62(3):442–446. doi:10.1001/archneur.62.3.44215767509
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Romi F, Skeie GO, Aarli JA, Gilhus NE. The severity of myasthenia gravis correlates with the serum concentration of titin and ryanodine receptor antibodies. Arch Neurol. 2000;57(11):1596–1600. doi:10.1001/archneur.57.11.159611074791
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marx A, Willcox N, Leite MI, et al. Thymoma and paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis. Autoimmunity. 2010;43(5–6):413–427. doi:10.3109/0891693090355593520380583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley C, Douek D, Newsom‐Davis J, Vincent A, Willcox N. Mature, long‐lived CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are generated by the thymoma in myasthenia gravis. Ann Neurol. 2001;50(1):64–72. doi:10.1002/ana.101711456312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen XJ, Qiao J, Xiao BG, Lu CZ. The significance of titin antibodies in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol. 2004;251(8):1006–1011. doi:10.1007/s00415-004-0479-z15316806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mygland A, Aarli JA, Matre R, Gilhus NE. Ryanodine receptor antibodies related to severity of thymoma associated myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994;57(7):843–846. doi:10.1136/jnnp.57.7.8438021674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto AM, Gajdos P, Eymard B, et al. Anti-titin antibodies in myasthenia gravis: tight association with thymoma and heterogeneity of nonthymoma patients. Arch Neurol. 2001;58(6):885–890. doi:10.1001/archneur.58.6.88511405802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Detterbeck FC. Clinical value of the WHO classification system of thymoma. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;81:2328–2334. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.11.06716731193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Wang H, Chen P, et al. Clinical outcome and predictive factors of postoperative myasthenic crisis in 173 thymomatous myasthenia gravis patients myasthenic crisis in thymomatous patients. Int J Neurosci. 2017:01–26. doi:10.1080/00207454.2017.1366905.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilhus NE, Skeie GO, Romi F, Lazaridis K, Zisimopoulou P, Tzartos S. Myasthenia gravis-autoantibody characteristics and their implications for therapy. Nat Rev Neurol. 2016;12(5):259. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.4427103470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imai T, Utsugisawa K, Murai H, et al. Oral corticosteroid dosing regimen and long-term prognosis in generalised myasthenia gravis: a multicentre cross-sectional study in Japan. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018;89(5):513–517. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-31662529175893
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moons KG, Royston P, Vergouwe Y, Grobbee DE, Altman DG. Prognosis and prognostic research: what, why, and how? BMJ. 2009;338:b375. doi:10.1136/bmj.b37519237405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar