Depression and Its Determinant Factors Among University of Gondar Medical and Health Science Students, Northwest Ethiopia: Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study

References

• Marcus M, Mark van Ommeren MY, Dan Chisholm, et al. Depression: A global public health concern; 2012 Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285075782_Depression_A_global_public_health_concern. Accessed 23, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Sager R. The burden of mental disorders across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2017. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(2):148–161. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30475-431879245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean J, Keshavan M. The neurobiology of depression: an integrated view. Asian J Psychiatr. 2017;27:101–111. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2017.01.02528558878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahajan GJ, Vallender EJ, Garrett MR, et al. Altered neuro-inflammatory gene expression in hippocampus in major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2018;82:177–186. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.01729175309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin D-D, Rizak J, Feng X-L, et al. Prolonged secretion of cortisol as a possible mechanism underlying stress and depressive behaviour. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):30187. doi:10.1038/srep3018727443987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Publishing HH What causes depression? 6 24 2019; Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/what-causes-depression. Accessed 324, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Sarokhani D, Delpisheh A, Veisani Y, et al. Prevalence of depression among university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Depress Res Treat. 2013;2013.
   Google Scholar
• Othieno CJ, Okoth RO, Peltzer K, et al. Depression among university students in Kenya: prevalence and sociodemographic correlates. J Affect Disord. 2014;165:120–125. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.07024882188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peltzer K, Pengpid S, Olowu S, et al. Depression and associated factors among university students in Western Nigeria. J Psychol Africa. 2013;23(3):459–465. doi:10.1080/14330237.2013.10820652
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dessie Y, Ebrahim J, Awoke T. Mental distress among university students in Ethiopia: a cross sectional survey. Pan African Med J. 2013;15(1). doi:10.11604/pamj.2013.15.95.2173
   Google Scholar
• Terasaki DJ, Gelaye B, Berhane Y, Williams MA. Anger expression, violent behavior, and symptoms of depression among male college students in Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):13.19138431
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bitew T. Prevalence and risk factors of depression in Ethiopia: a review. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2014;24(2):161–169. doi:10.4314/ejhs.v24i2.924795518
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yeshaw Y, Mossie A. Depression, anxiety, stress, and their associated factors among Jimma University staff, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, 2016: a cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2017;13:2803. doi:10.2147/NDT.S15044429184411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayram N, Bilgel N. The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of university students. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2008;43(8):667–672. doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0345-x18398558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Beck depression inventory-II. San Antonio. 1996;78(2):490–498.
   Google Scholar
• Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991;14(6):540–545. doi:10.1093/sleep/14.6.5401798888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiasny‐Kolster K, Mayer G, Schäfer S, Möller JC, Heinzel‐Gutenbrunner M, Oertel WH. The REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire—a new diagnostic instrument. Mov Disorders. 2007;22(16):2386–2393. doi:10.1002/mds.21740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. Perceived Stress Scale. Measuring Stress: A Guide for Health and Social Scientists. New York: Oxford University; 1994:235–283.
   Google Scholar
• Duko B, Erdado M, Ebrahim J. Prevalence and factors associated with depression among hospital admitted patients in South Ethiopia: cross sectional study. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(1):73. doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4109-330717816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. Perceived Stress Scale. Measuring Stress: A Guide for Health and Social Scientists. New York: Oxford University Press; 1994:10.
   Google Scholar
• Johns MW. Reliability and factor analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep. 1992;15(4):376–381. doi:10.1093/sleep/15.4.3761519015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallery P, George D. SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. Bacon, Boston: Allyn; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Deb S, Banu PR, Thomas S, et al. Depression among Indian university students and its association with perceived university academic environment, living arrangements and personal issues. Asian J Psychiatr. 2016;23:108–117. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2016.07.01027969066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamsuddin K, Fadzil F, Ismail WSW, et al. Correlates of depression, anxiety and stress among Malaysian university students. Asian J Psychiatr. 2013;6(4):318–323. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2013.01.01423810140
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Asante KO, Andoh-Arthur J. Prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among university students in Ghana. J Affect Disord. 2015;171:161–166. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.02525305431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim AK, Kelly SJ, Adams CE, et al. A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students. J Psychiatr Res. 2013;47(3):391–400. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.01523260171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotenstein LS, Ramos MA, Torre M, et al. Prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016;316(21):2214–2236. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1732427923088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arslan G, Ayranci U, Unsal A, et al. Prevalence of depression, its correlates among students, and its effect on health-related quality of life in a Turkish university. Ups J Med Sci. 2009;114(3):170–177. doi:10.1080/0300973090317433919736608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Busaidi Z, Bhargava K, Al-Ismaily A, et al. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in Oman. Oman Med J. 2011;26(4):235. doi:10.5001/omj.2011.5822043426
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen L, Wang L, Qiu XH, et al. Depression among Chinese university students: prevalence and socio-demographic correlates. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58379. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.005837923516468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahed WYA, Hassan SK. Prevalence and associated factors of stress, anxiety and depression among medical Fayoum University students. Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 2017;53(1):77–84. doi:10.1016/j.ajme.2016.01.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim MB, Abdelreheem MH. Prevalence of anxiety and depression among medical and pharmaceutical students in Alexandria University. Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 2015;51(2):167–173. doi:10.1016/j.ajme.2014.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Probst JC, Laditka SB, Moore CG, Harun N, Powell MP, Baxley EG. Rural-urban differences in depression prevalence: implications for family medicine. Family Med Kansas City. 2006;38(9):653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters K, Breeze E, Wilkinson P, et al. Local area deprivation and urban–rural differences in anxiety and depression among people older than 75 years in Britain. Am J Public Health. 2004;94(10):1768–1774. doi:10.2105/AJPH.94.10.176815451748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li LW, Liu J, Xu H, et al. Understanding rural–urban differences in depressive symptoms among older adults in China. J Aging Health. 2016;28(2):341–362. doi:10.1177/089826431559100326100620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rost K, Zhang M, Fortney J, et al. Rural-urban differences in depression treatment and suicidality. Med Care. 1998;36(7):1098–1107. doi:10.1097/00005650-199807000-000159674626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gungormus Z, Erciyas K. Evaluation of the relationship between anxiety and depression and bruxism. J Intl Med Res. 2009;37(2):547–550. doi:10.1177/147323000903700231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavallo P, Carpinelli L, Savarese G. Perceived stress and bruxism in university students. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9(1):514. doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2311-028003024
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Quadri MFA, Mahnashi A, Al Almutahhir A, et al. Association of awake bruxism with khat, coffee, tobacco, and stress among Jazan university students. Int J Dent. 2015;2015.
   Google Scholar
• Baglioni C, Nanovska S, Regen W, et al. Sleep and mental disorders: A meta-analysis of polysomnographic research. Psychol Bull. 2016;142(9):969–990. doi:10.1037/bul000005327416139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weaver MD, Vetter C, Rajaratnam SMW, et al. Sleep disorders, depression and anxiety are associated with adverse safety outcomes in healthcare workers: A prospective cohort study. J Sleep Res. 2018;27(6):e12722–e12722. doi:10.1111/jsr.2018.27.issue-630069960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foundation NS. Depression and Sleep; 2019 Available from: https://www.sleepfoundation.org/articles/depression-and-sleep. Accessed 324, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Baglioni C, Spiegelhalder K, Nissen C, et al. Clinical implications of the causal relationship between insomnia and depression: how individually tailored treatment of sleeping difficulties could prevent the onset of depression. EPMA J. 2011;2(3):287–293. doi:10.1007/s13167-011-0079-923199164
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Slavich GM, Irwin MR. From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: a social signal transduction theory of depression. Psychol Bull. 2014;140(3):774–815. doi:10.1037/a003530224417575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knoll AT, Carlezon Jr WA. Dynorphin, stress, and depression. Brain Res. 2010;1314(p):56–73. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.09.07419782055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar