571
Views
47
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Postpartum depression: psychoneuroimmunological underpinnings and treatment

&
Pages 277-287 | Published online: 21 Feb 2013

References

  • GaynesBNGavinNMeltzer-BrodySPerinatal depression: prevalence, screening accuracy, and screening outcomesEvid Rep Technol Assess (Summ)20051191815760246
  • HarrisBBiological and hormonal aspects of postpartum depressed moodsBr J Psychiatry199416432882928199780
  • LlewellynAMStoweZNNemeroffCBDepression during pregnancy and the puerperiumJ Clin Psychiatry199758Suppl 1526329427874
  • HirstKPMoutierCYPostpartum major depressionAm Fam Physician201082892693320949886
  • Martin-SantosRGelabertESubiraAIs neuroticism a risk factor for postpartum depression?Psychol Med2012421559156522622082
  • HoedjesMBerksDVogelIPostpartum depression after mild and severe preeclampsiaJ Womens Health (Larchmt)201120101535154221815820
  • FieldTPostpartum depression effects on early interactions, parenting, and safety practices: a reviewInfant Behav Dev20103311619962196
  • GoodmanSHGotlibIHRisk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers: a developmental model for understanding mechanisms of transmissionPsychol Rev1999106345849010467895
  • WalkerMJDavisCAl-SahabBTamimHReported maternal post-partum depression and risk of childhood psychopathologyMatern Child Health J
  • PawlbySHayDFSharpDWatersCSO’KeaneVAntenatal depression predicts depression in adolescent offspring: prospective longitudinal community-based studyJ Affect Dis200911323624318602698
  • De VrieseSRChristopheABMaesMFatty acid composition of phospholipids and cholesteryl esters in maternal serum in the early puerperiumProstaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids2003a68533133512711250
  • De VrieseSRChristopheABMaesMLowered serum n-3 polyun-saturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels predict the occurrence of postpartum depression: further evidence that lowered n-PUFAs are related to major depressionLife Sci200373253181318714561523
  • ShapiroGDFraserWDSéguinJREmerging risk factors for post-partum depression: serotonin transporter genotype and omega-3 fatty acid statusCan J Psychiatry2012571170471223149286
  • ChristesenHTFalkenbergTLamontRFJørgensenJSThe impact of vitamin D on pregnancy: a systematic reviewActa Obstet Gynecol Scand201291121357136722974137
  • MilgromJSkouterisHWorotniukTHenwoodABruceLThe association between ante- and postnatal depressive symptoms and obesity in both mother and child: a systematic review of the literatureWomens Health Issues2012223e319e32822341777
  • SkalkidouASylvénSMPapadopoulosFCOlovssonMLarssonASundstrom-PoromaaIRisk of postpartum depression in association with serum leptin and interleukin-6 levels at delivery: A nested case – control study within the UPPSAT cohortPsychoneuroendocrinology2009341329133719427131
  • BlochMMeiboomHLorberblattMBluvsteinIAharonovISchreiberSThe effect of sertraline add-on to brief dynamic psychotherapy for the treatment of postpartum depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyJ Clin Psychiatry201273223524122401479
  • PaskovaAJirakRMikesovaMThe role of steroids in the development of post-partum mental disordersBiomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub11122012
  • MillerLJPostpartum depressionJAMA2002287676276511851544
  • NappiREPetragliaFLuisiSPolattiFFarinaCGenazzaniARSerum allopregnanolone in women with postpartum “blues”Obstet Gynecol2001971778011152912
  • D RheimSKBjorvatnBREberhard-GranMInsomnia and depressive symptoms in late pregnancy: a population-based studyBehav Sleep Med201210315216622742434
  • SilvaRJansenKSouzaLSociodemographic risk factors of perinatal depression: a cohort study in the public health care systemRev Bras Psiquiatr201234214314822729409
  • LancasterCAGoldKJFlynnHAYooHMarcusSMDavisMMRisk factors for depressive symptoms during pregnancy: a systematic reviewAm J Obstet Gynecol2010202151420096252
  • SkrundzMBoltenMNastIHellhammerDHMeinlschmidtGPlasma oyxtocin concentration during pregnancy is associated with development of postpartum depressionNeuropsychopharmacology2011361886189321562482
  • FeldmanRWellerAZagoory-SharonOLevineAEvidence for a neuroendocrinological foundation of human affiliation: plasma oxytocin levels across pregnancy and the postpartum period predict mother-infant bondingPsychol Sci20071896597017958710
  • GordonIZagoory-SharonOLeckmanJFFeldmanROxytocin and the development of parenting in humansBiol Psychiatry20106837738220359699
  • OzsoySEselEKulaMSerum oxytocin levels in patients with depression and the effects of gender and antidepressant treatmentPsychiatry Res200916924925219732960
  • FaschingPAFaschingbauerFGoeckeTWGenetic variants in the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene (TPH2) and depression during and after pregnancyJ Psychiatr Res20124691109111722721547
  • MaesMVerkerkRBonaccorsoSOmbeletWBosmansEScharpéSDepressive and anxiety symptoms in the early puerperium are related to increased degradation of tryptophan into kynurenine, a phenomenon which is related to immune activationLife Sci200271161837184812175700
  • BoufidouFLambrinoudakiIArgeitisJCSF and plasma cytokines at delivery and postpartum mood disturbancesJ Affect Disord20091151–228729218708264
  • AndersonGNeuronal-immune interactions in mediating stress effects in the etiology and course of schizophrenia: role of the amygdala in developmental co-ordinationMed Hypotheses201176546020843610
  • PocivavsekAWuHQElmerGIBrunoJ PSchwarczRPre- and postnatal exposure to kynurenine causes cognitive deficits in adulthoodEur J Neurosci201235101605161222515201
  • OhiraKHagiharaHToyamaKExpression of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in mature granule cells of the adult mouse dentate gyrusMol Brain201032620815922
  • FunakoshiHKanaiMNakamuraTModulation of tryptophan metabolism, promotion of neurogenesis and alteration of anxiety-related behavior in tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase-deficient miceInt J Tryptophan Res20114718
  • RenSCorreiaMAHeme: a regulator of rat hepatic tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenaseArch Biochem Biophys2000377119520310775460
  • LaugerayALaunayJMCallebertJSurgetABelzungCBaronePRPeripheral and cerebral metabolic abnormalities of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in a murine model of major depressionBehav Brain Res20102101849120153778
  • LaugerayALaunayJMCallebertJSurgetABelzungCBaronePREvidence for a key role of the peripheral kynurenine pathway in the modulation of anxiety- and depression-like behaviours in mice: focus on individual differencesPharmacol Biochem Behav20119816116821167857
  • HallerJMikicsEHalászJTóthMMechanisms differentiating normal from abnormal aggression: glucocorticoids and serotoninEur J Pharmacol12520055261–38910016280125
  • FuxeKJacobsenKXHöistadMThe dopamine D1 receptor-rich main and paracapsular intercalated nerve cell groups of the rat amygdala: relationship to the dopamine innervationNeuroscience2003119373374612809694
  • LoveTMEnochMAHodgkinsonCAOxytocin gene polymorphisms influence human dopaminergic function in a sex-dependent mannerBiol Psychiatry201272319820622418012
  • SteinerJWalterMGosTSevere depression is associated with increased microglial quinolinic acid in subregions of the anterior cingulate gyrus: evidence for an immune-modulated glutamatergic neurotransmission?J Neuroinflammation201189421831269
  • GirdlerSSKlatzkinRNeurosteroids in the context of stress: implications for depressive disordersPharmacol Ther2007116112513917597217
  • BruntonPJBalesJRussellJAAllopregnanolone and induction of endogenous opioid inhibition of oxytocin responses to immune stress in pregnant ratsJ Neuroendocrinol201224469070022340139
  • AndersonGMaesMBerkMinflammation-related disorders in the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway in depression and somatizationAdv Protein Chem Struct Biol201288274822814705
  • MaesMRiefWDiagnostic classifications in depression and somatization should include biomarkers, such as disorders in the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathwayPsychiatr Res201219623243249
  • AndersonGMaesMBerkMBiological underpinnings of the commonalities in depression, somatization, and chronic fatigue syndromeMed Hypotheses20127875275622445460
  • LouHYKongJFThe effects of prenatal maternal depressive symptoms on pain scores in the early postpartum periodJ Obstet Gynaecol201232876476623075351
  • GroerM WMorganKImmune, health and endocrine characteristics of depressed postpartum mothersPsychoneuroendocrinology200732213313917207585
  • MeinlschmidtGMartinCNeumannIDHeinrichsMMaternal cortisol in late pregnancy and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal reactivity to psychosocial stress postpartum in womenStress201013216317120214437
  • YimISGlynnLMDunkel-SchetterCHobelCJChicz-DeMetASandmanCARisk of postpartum depressive symptoms with elevated corticotropin-releasing hormone in human pregnancyArch Gen Psychiatry200966216216919188538
  • XiePKranzlerHRPolingJInteraction of FKBP5 with childhood adversity on risk for post-traumatic stress disorderNeuropsychopharmacology20103581684169220393453
  • SalelESEl-BaheiWEl-HadidyMAZayedAPredictors of postpartum depression in a sample of Egyptian womenNeuropsychiatric Dis Treat201391524
  • NewcomerJWSelkeGMelsonAKGrossJVoglerG PDagogo-JackSDose-dependent cortisol-induced increases in plasma leptin concentration in healthy humansArch Gen Psychiatry19985599510009819068
  • LuchowskaEKlocROlajossyBBeta2 adrenergic enhancement of brain kynurenic acid production mediated via cAMP-related protein kinase A signallingProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry200933351952919439240
  • De RosaVProcacciniCCalìGA key role of leptin in the control of regulatory T cell proliferationImmunity20072624125517307705
  • FukudaMWilliamsK WGautronLElmquistJKInduction of leptin resistance by activation of cAMP-Epac signalingCell Metab20111333133921356522
  • GuptaBBYanthanLSinghKMIn vitro effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan, indoleamines and leptin on arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) activity in pineal organ of the fish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) during different phases of the breeding cycleIndian J Exp Biol201048878679221341536
  • MaesMLinAHOmbeletWImmune activation in the early puerperium is related to postpartum anxiety and depressive symptomsPsychoneuroendocrinology200025212113710674277
  • MaesMOmbeletWLibbrechtIIEffects of pregnancy and delivery on serum concentrations of Clara Cell Protein (CC16), an endogenous anticytokine: lower serum CC16 is related to postpartum depressionPsychiatry Res1999872–311712710579545
  • MaesMOmbeletWDe JonghRKenisGBosmansEThe inflammatory response following delivery is amplified in women who previously suffered from major depression, suggesting that major depression is accompanied by a sensitization of the inflammatory response systemJ Affect Disord2001631–3859211246084
  • MaesMBosmansEOmbeletWIn the puerperium, primiparae exhibit higher levels of anxiety and serum peptidase activity and greater immune responses than multiparaeJ Clin Psychiatry2004651717614744172
  • MaesMClaesMSchotteCDisturbances in dexamethasone suppression test and lower availability of L-tryptophan and tyrosine in early puerperium and in women under contraceptive therapyJ Psychosom Res19923621911971560430
  • MaesMOmbeletWVerkerkRBosmansEScharpéSEffects of pregnancy and delivery on the availability of plasma tryptophan to the brain: relationships to delivery-induced immune activation and early post-partum anxiety and depressionPsychol Med200131584785811459382
  • MaesMRingelKKuberaMBerkMRybakowskiJIncreased autoimmune activity against 5-HT: a key component of depression that is associated with inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity, and with severity and staging of depressionJ Affect Disord2012136338639222166399
  • DonneMLSettineriSBenvengaSEarly pospartum alexithymia and risk for depression: relationship with serum thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodiesPsychoneuroendocrinology201237451953322047958
  • SylvénSMElenisEMichelakosTThyroid function tests at delivery and risk for postpartum depressive symptomsPsychoneuroendocrinology2013
  • MaesMRingelKKuberaMIn myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, increased autoimmune activity against 5-HT is associated with immuno-inflammatory pathways and bacterial translocation In press 2013
  • GroërMDavisMCaseyKShortBSmithKGroërSNeuroendocrine and immune relationships in postpartum fatigueMCN Am J Matern Child Nurs200530213313815775810
  • MorrisGMaesMA neuro-immune model of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndromeMetab Brain Dis2013
  • Di ScaleaTLWisnerKLAntidepressant medication use during breastfeedingClin Obstet Gynecol200952348349719661763
  • NascimentoSLSuritaFGCecattiJGPhysical exercise during pregnancy: a systematic reviewCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol201224638739423014142
  • SadoMOtaEStickleyAMoriRHypnosis during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period for preventing postnatal depressionCochrane Database Syst Rev20126CD00906222696381
  • Hübner-LiebermannBHausnerHWittmannMRecognizing and treating peripartum depressionDtsch Arztebl Int20121092441942422787503
  • NgRCHirataCKYeungWHallerEFinleyPRPharmacologic treatment for postpartum depression: a systematic reviewPharmacotherapy201030992894120795848
  • YonkersKALinHHowellHBHeathACCohenLSPharmacologic treatment of postpartum women with new-onset major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial with paroxetineJ Clin Psychiatry200869465966518363420
  • ApplebyLWarnerRWhittonAFaragherBA controlled study of fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioural counselling in the treatment of postnatal depressionBMJ199731470859329369099116
  • FournierJCDeRubeisRJHollonSDAntidepressant drug effects and depression severity: a patient-level meta-analysisJAMA20103031475320051569
  • RubinowDRSchmidtPJRocaCAEstrogen-serotonin interactions: implications for affective regulationBiol Psychiatry19984498398509807639
  • PaeCUMandelliLKimTSEffectiveness of antidepressant treatments in pre-menopausal versus post-menopausal women: a pilot study on differential effects of sex hormones on antidepressant effectsBiomed Pharmacother200963322823518502089
  • FortinguerraFClavennaABonatiMPsychotropic drug use during breast feeding: a review of the evidencePediatrics20091244e547e55619736267
  • WeissmanALevyBTHartzAJPooled analysis of antidepressant levels in lactating mothers, breast milk, and nursing infantsAm J Psychiatry2004161161066107815169695
  • PayneJLAntidepressant use in the postpartum period: practical considerationAm J Psychiatry200716491329133217728416
  • BerleJOSpigsetOAntidepressant use during breastfeedingCurr Womens Health Rev20117283422299006
  • DavanzoRCopertinoMDe CuntoAMinenFAmaddeoAAntidepressant drugs and breastfeeding: a review of the literatureBreastfeed Med201162899820958101
  • CutlerJARushAJMcMahonFJLajeGCommon genetic variation in the indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase genes and antidepressant treatment outcome in major depressive disorderJ Psychopharmacol201226336036722282879
  • ManeetonNThongkamAManeetonBCognitive-behavioral therapy added to fluoxetine in major depressive disorder after 4 weeks of fluoxetine-treatment: 16-week open label studyJ Med Assoc Thai201093333734220420109
  • SarkarSGuptaRTelephone vs face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy for depressionJAMA2012308111090109122990260
  • BlochMSchmidtPJDanaceauMEffects of gonadal steroids in women with a history of postpartum depressionAm J Psychiatry2000157692493010831472
  • WjeikJDudekDSchlegel-ZawadzkaMAntepartum/postpartum depressive symptoms and serum zinc and magnesium levelsPharmacol Rep20065857157616963806
  • EbyGAEbyKLRapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatmentMed Hypotheses20066736237016542786
  • NakagawasaiOMurataAAraiYEnhanced head-twitch response to 5-HT-related agonists in thiamineJ Neural Transm20071141003101017372673
  • NiksereshtSEtebarySKarimianMNabavizadehFZarrindastMRSadeghipourHRAcute administration of Zn, Mg, and thiamine improves postpartum depression conditions in miceArch Iran Med201215530631122519381
  • StuddJ WA guide to the treatment of depression in women by estrogensClimacteric201114663764221878053
  • RyanJScaliJCarrièreIEstrogen receptor alpha gene variants and major depressive episodesJ Affect Disord201213631222122622051074
  • AndersonGThe role of melatonin in postpartum psychosis and depression associated with bipolar disorderJ Perinat Med201038658558720707614
  • EtainBDumaineABellivierFGenetic and functional abnormalities of the melatonin biosynthesis pathway in patients with bipolar disorderHum Mol Genet201221184030403722694957
  • GaleckaESzemrajJFlorkowskiASingle nucleotide polymorphisms and mRNA expression for melatonin MT(2) receptor in depressionPsychiatry Res2011189347247421353709
  • ParryBLMeliskaCJSorensonDLPlasma melatonin circadian rhythm disturbances during pregnancy and postpartum in depressed women and women with personal or family histories of depressionAm J Psychiatry2008165121551155818829869
  • HardelandRCardinaliD PSrinivasanVSpenceDWBrownGMPandi-PerumalSRMelatonin – a pleiotropic, orchestrating regulator moleculeProg Neurobiol20119335038421193011
  • LanoixDBeghdadiHLafondJVaillancourtCHuman placental trophoblasts synthesize melatonin and express its receptorsJ Pineal Res2008451506018312298
  • GittoEPellegrinoSGittoPBarberiIReiterRJOxidative stress of the newborn in the pre- and postnatal period and the clinical utility of melatoninJ Pineal Res20094612813919054296
  • Cohen EnglerAHadashAShehadehNPillarGBreastfeeding may improve nocturnal sleep and reduce infantile colic: potential role of breast milk melatoninEur J Pediatr2012171472973222205210
  • PontesGNCardosoECCarneiro-SampaioMMMarkusRPPineal melatonin and the innate immune response: the TNF-alpha increase after cesarean section suppress nocturnal melatonin productionJ Pineal Res20074336537117910605
  • WlochCWilsonJLamagniTHarringtonPCharlettASheridanERisk factors for surgical site infection following caesarean section in England: results from a multicentre cohort studyBJOG2012119111324313322857605
  • EisenachJCPanPHSmileyRLavand’hommePLandauRHouleTTSeverity of acute pain after childbirth, but not type of delivery, predicts persistent pain and postpartum depressionPain20081401879418818022
  • AndreasenJTRedrobeJPNielsenEØCombined á7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonism and partial serotonin transporter inhibition produce antidepressant-like effects in the mouse forced swim and tail suspension tests: a comparison of SSR180711 and PNU-282987Pharmacol Biochem Behav2012100362462922108649
  • FernandezJ WGrizzellJAWeckerLThe role of estrogen receptor â and nicotinic cholinergic receptors in postpartum depressionProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry201240C19920623063492
  • CosiCMannaioniGCozziAG-protein coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) activation and inflammatory pain: Studies on the antinociceptive effects of kynurenic acid and zaprinastNeuropharmacolog y20116012271231
  • MarkusR PSilvaCLMFrancoDGBarbosaEMJrFerreiraZSIs modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by melatonin relevant for therapy with cholinergic drugs?Pharmacol Therapeut2010126251262
  • BennetSAlpertMKubulinsVHanslerRLUse of modified spectacles and light bulbs to block blue light at night may prevent postpartum depressionMed Hypotheses200973225125319329259
  • SharkeyJTCableCOlceseJMelatonin sensitizes human myometrial cells to oxytocin in a protein kinase C alpha/extracellular-signal regulated kinase-dependent mannerJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20109562902290820382690
  • JuszczakMBoczek-LeszczykEHypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activation stimulates oxytocin release from the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system while melatonin inhibits this processBrain Res Bull201081118519019874874
  • LabuschagneIPhanKLWoodAOxytocin attenuates amygdala reactivity to fear in generalized social anxiety disorderNeuropsychopharmacology2010352403241320720535
  • HeinrichsMBaumgartnerTKirschbaumCEhlertUSocial support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stressBiol Psychiatry2003541389139814675803
  • SrinivasanVZakariaROthmanZLauterbachECAcuña-CastroviejoDAgomelatine in depressive disorders: its novel mechanisms of actionJ Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci201224329030823037643