Evaluating the safety and efficacy of dextromethorphan/quinidine in the treatment of pseudobulbar affect

References

• CummingsJLArciniegasDBBrooksBRDefining and diagnosing involuntary emotional expression disorderCNS Spectr20061161716816786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArciniegasDBLauterbachECAndersonKEThe differential diagnosis of pseudobulbar affect (PBA). Distinguishing PBA among disorders of mood and affect. Proceedings of a roundtable meetingCNS Spectr2005105114 quiz 1515962457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WorkSSColamonicoJABradleyWGKayeREPseudobulbar affect: an under-recognized and under-treated neurological disorderAdv Ther201128758660121660634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GallagherJPPathologic laughter and crying in ALS: a search for their originActa Neurol Scand19898021141172816272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StarksteinSEMigliorelliRTesónAPrevalence and clinical correlates of pathological affective display in Alzheimer’s diseaseJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry199559155607608711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HouseADennisMMolyneuxAWarlowCHawtonKEmotionalism after strokeBMJ198929866799919942499390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KimJSPathological laughter and crying in unilateral strokeStroke1997281123219368583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FeinsteinAFeinsteinKGrayTO’ConnorPPrevalence and neurobehavioral correlates of pathological laughing and crying in multiple sclerosisArch Neurol1997549111611219311355
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PrattRTAn investigation of the psychiatric aspects of disseminated sclerosisJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry195114432633514898303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PetraccaGMJorgeREAciónLWeintraubDRobinsonRGFrequency and correlates of involuntary emotional expression disorder in Parkinson’s diseaseJ Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci200921440641219996249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SiddiquiMSFernandezHHGarvanCWInappropriate crying and laughing in Parkinson disease and movement disordersWorld J Biol Psychiatry200910323424018609421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StrowdRECartwrightMSOkunMSHaqISiddiquiMSPseudobulbar affect: prevalence and quality of life impact in movement disordersJ Neurol201025781382138720376475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TatenoAJorgeRERobinsonRGPathological laughing and crying following traumatic brain injuryJ Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci200416442643415616168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZeiligGDrubachDAKatz-ZeiligMKaratinosJPathological laughter and crying in patients with closed traumatic brain injuryBrain Inj19961085915978836516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ElyasAEBultersDOSparrowOCPathological laughter and crying in patients with pontine lesionsJ Neurosurg Pediatr20118654454722132910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LauterbachECPriceSTSpearsTEJacksonJGKirshADSerotonin responsive and nonresponsive diurnal depressive mood disorders and pathological affect in thalamic infarct associated with myoclonus and blepharospasmBiol Psychiatry19943574884908018800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ParviziJCoburnKLShillcuttSDCoffeyCELauterbachECMendezMFNeuroanatomy of pathological laughing and crying: a report of the American Neuropsychiatric Association Committee on ResearchJ Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci2009211758719359455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CummingsJGilbartJAndersenGPseudobulbar affect. A disabling but under-recognized consequence of neurological disease and brain injuryEur Neurol Rev2013827481
   Google Scholar
• ParviziJJosephJPressDZSchmahmannJDPathological laughter and crying in patients with multiple system atrophy-cerebellar typeMov Disord200722679880317290465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AndersenGVestergaardKRiisJOCitalopram for post-stroke pathological cryingLancet199334288758378398104273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RobinsonRGParikhRMLipseyJRStarksteinSEPriceTRPathological laughing and crying following stroke: validation of a measurement scale and a double-blind treatment studyAm J Psychiatry199315022862938422080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchifferRBHerndonRMRudickRATreatment of pathologic laughing and weeping with amitriptylineN Engl J Med198531223148014823887172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NUEDEXTA^® (dextromethorphan hydrobromide and quinidine sulfate) [prescribing information]Aliso ViejoAvanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc2010
   Google Scholar
• von MoltkeLLGreenblattDJGrassiJMMultiple human cytochromes contribute to biotransformation of dextromethorphan in-vitro: role of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3AJ Pharm Pharmacol199850999710049811160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZawertailoLATyndaleRFBustoUSellersEMEffect of metabolic blockade on the psychoactive effects of dextromethorphanHum Psychopharmacol2010251717920041473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MusacchioJMKleinMCanollPDDextromethorphan and sigma ligands: common sites but diverse effectsLife Sci19894519172117322556614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MusacchioJMKleinMCanollPDDextromethorphan sites, sigma receptors, and the psychotomimetic effects of sigma opiatesProg Clin Biol Res199032813162154766
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TortellaFCDaveyRPellicanoMBoweryNGAutoradiographic localization of 3H-dextromethorphan binding sites differs from NMDANIDA Res Monogr1989955485492561854
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TortellaFCPellicanoMBoweryNGDextromethorphan and neuromodulation: old drug coughs up new activitiesTrends Pharmacol Sci198910125015072694543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteinbergGKGeorgeCPDeLaPazRShibataDKGrossTDextromethorphan protects against cerebral injury following transient focal ischemia in rabbitsStroke1988199111211183413809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OttonSVCreweHKLennardMSTuckerGTWoodsHFUse of quinidine inhibition to define the role of the sparteine/debrisoquine cytochrome P450 in metoprolol oxidation by human liver microsomesJ Pharmacol Exp Ther198824712422473171974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OttonSVInabaTKalowWCompetitive inhibition of sparteine oxidation in human liver by beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and other cardiovascular drugsLife Sci198434173806141510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchadelMWuDOttonSVKalowWSellersEMPharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan and metabolites in humans: influence of the CYP2D6 phenotype and quinidine inhibitionJ Clin Psychopharmacol19951542632697593709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZawertailoLBustoUTyndaleRSellersEDextromethorphan’s active metabolite contributes to its abuse liabilityClin Pharmacol Ther1998632217
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZawertailoLAKaplanHLBustoUETyndaleRFSellersEMPsychotropic effects of dextromethorphan are altered by the CYP2D6 polymorphism: a pilot studyJ Clin Psychopharmacol19981843323379690700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhangYBrittoMRValderhaugKLWedlundPJSmithRADextromethorphan: enhancing its systemic availability by way of low-dose quinidine-mediated inhibition of cytochrome P4502D6Clin Pharmacol Ther19925166476551611804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RodenDMWoosleyRLPrimmRKIncidence and clinical features of the quinidine-associated long QT syndrome: implications for patient careAm Heart J19861116108810933716982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AhmedASimmonsZPseudobulbar affect: prevalence and managementTher Clin Risk Manag2013948348924348042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnock-JonesKPDextromethorphan/quinidine: in pseudobulbar affectCNS Drugs201125543544521476614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MillerAPrattHSchifferRBPseudobulbar affect: the spectrum of clinical presentations, etiologies and treatmentsExpert Rev Neurother20111171077108821539437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OlneyNRosenHAVP-923, a combination of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and quinidine sulfate for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect and neuropathic painI Drugs201013425426520373255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RosenHDextromethorphan/quinidine sulfate for pseudobulbar affectDrugs Today (Barc)200844966166819137121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchifferRPopeLEReview of pseudobulbar affect including a novel and potential therapyJ Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci200517444745416387982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MillerAPseudobulbar affect in multiple sclerosis: toward the development of innovative therapeutic strategiesJ Neurol Sci20062451–215315916674978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrooksBRThistedRAAppelSHAVP-923 ALS Study GroupTreatment of pseudobulbar affect in ALS with dextromethorphan/quinidine: a randomized trialNeurology20046381364137015505150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PanitchHSThistedRASmithRAPsuedobulbar Affect in Multiple Sclerosis Study GroupRandomized, controlled trial of dextromethorphan/quinidine for pseudobulbar affect in multiple sclerosisAnn Neurol200659578078716634036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PioroEPBrooksBRCummingsJSafety, Tolerability, and Efficacy Results Trial of AVP-923 in PBA InvestigatorsDextromethorphan plus ultra low-dose quinidine reduces pseudobulbar affectAnn Neurol201068569370220839238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BusijaLPausenbergerEHainesTPHaymesSBuchbinderROsborneRHAdult measures of general health and health-related quality of life: Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item (SF-36) and Short Form 12-Item (SF-12) Health Surveys, Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 6D (SF-6D), Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3), Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB), and Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL)Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)201163Suppl 11S383S41222588759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MalloyPFCummingsJLCoffeyCECognitive screening instruments in neuropsychiatry: a report of the Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric AssociationJ Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci199791891979144098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteerRABrownGKBeckATSandersonWCMean Beck Depression Inventory-II scores by severity of major depressive episodePsychol Rep2001881075107611597055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmithRADextromethorphan/quinidine: a novel dextromethorphan product for the treatment of emotional labilityExpert Opin Pharmacother20067182581259817150011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PopeLEKhalilMHBergJEStilesMYakatanGJSellersEMPharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan after single or multiple dosing in combination with quinidine in extensive and poor metabolizersJ Clin Pharmacol200444101132114215342614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BogniAMonshouwerMMosconeASubstrate specific metabolism by polymorphic cytochrome P450 2D6 allelesToxicol In Vitro200519562162915893449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DrollKBruce-MensahKOttonSVGaedigkASellersEMTyndaleRFComparison of three CYP2D6 probe substrates and genotype in Ghanaians, Chinese and CaucasiansPharmacogenetics1998843253339731719
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RamamoorthyYTyndaleRFSellersEMCytochrome P450 2D6.1 and cytochrome P450 2D6.10 differ in catalytic activity for multiple substratesPharmacogenetics200111647748711505218
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RamamoorthyYYuAMSuhNHainingRLTyndaleRFSellersEMReduced (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“Ecstasy”) metabolism with cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitors and pharmacogenetic variants in vitroBiochem Pharmacol200263122111211912110370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeSDNakanoHFarkasGANMDA receptor-mediated modulation of ventilation in obese Zucker ratsInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord2001257997100411443498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchlenkerEHDextromethorphan affects ventilation differently in male and female ratsJ Appl Physiol (1985)1996815191119168941509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FrymoyerARRowbothamMCPetersenKLPlacebo-controlled comparison of a morphine/dextromethorphan combination with morphine on experimental pain and hyperalgesia in healthy volunteersJ Pain200781192517113353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteinbergGKBellTEYenariMADose escalation safety and tolerance study of the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist dextromethorphan in neurosurgery patientsJ Neurosurg19968458608668622162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RedfernWSCarlssonLDavisASRelationships between preclinical cardiac electrophysiology, clinical QT interval prolongation and torsade de pointes for a broad range of drugs: evidence for a provisional safety margin in drug developmentCardiovasc Res2003581324512667944
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GrenierJLavigneJRPopeLEPopulation Pharmacokinetic Meta-analysis: Inhibition by Quinidine of the First-Pass and Systemic Metabolism of Dextromehtorphan to DextrorphanLincoln, NECelerion, Inc2010 Available from: http://www.page-meeting.org/pdf_assets/6239-Celerion_Poster_Page2010_PopPK_QDMDX.pdfAccessed December 28, 2013
   Google Scholar
• JenzerHRHagemeijerFQuinidine syncope: torsade de pointes with low quinidine plasma concentrationsEur J Cardiol19764444745163370
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OttonSVSchadelMCheungSWKaplanHLBustoUESellersEMCYP2D6 phenotype determines the metabolic conversion of hydrocodone to hydromorphoneClin Pharmacol Ther19935454634727693389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KharaschEDHofferCAltuntasTGWhittingtonDQuinidine as a probe for the role of p-glycoprotein in the intestinal absorption and clinical effects of fentanylJ Clin Pharmacol200444322423314973303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KharaschEDHofferCWhittingtonDSheffelsPRole of P-glycoprotein in the intestinal absorption and clinical effects of morphineClin Pharmacol Ther200374654355414663457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HeiskanenTOlkkolaKTKalsoEEffects of blocking CYP2D6 on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxycodoneClin Pharmacol Ther19986466036119871425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SamerCFDaaliYWagnerMGenetic polymorphisms and drug interactions modulating CYP2D6 and CYP3A activities have a major effect on oxycodone analgesic efficacy and safetyBr J Pharmacol2010160491993020590588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SamerCFDaaliYWagnerMThe effects of CYP2D6 and CYP3A activities on the pharmacokinetics of immediate release oxycodoneBr J Pharmacol2010160490791820590587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CaracoYShellerJWoodAJImpact of ethnic origin and quinidine coadministration on codeine’s disposition and pharmacodynamic effectsJ Pharmacol Exp Ther1999290141342210381807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaugesenSEnggaardTPPedersenRSSindrupSHBrøsenKParoxetine, a cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor, diminishes the stereoselective O-demethylation and reduces the hypoalgesic effect of tramadolClin Pharmacol Ther200577431232315903129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PoulsenLArendt-NielsenLBrøsenKSindrupSHThe hypoalgesic effect of tramadol in relation to CYP2D6Clin Pharmacol Ther19966066366448988065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SindrupSHArendt-NielsenLBrøsenKThe effect of quinidine on the analgesic effect of codeineEur J Clin Pharmacol19924265875911623898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StamerUMLehnenKHöthkerFImpact of CYP2D6 genotype on postoperative tramadol analgesiaPain20031051–223123814499440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchoedelKAPopeLESellersEMRandomized open-label drug-drug interaction trial of dextromethorphan/quinidine and paroxetine in healthy volunteersClin Drug Investig2012323157169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AchamallahNSVisual hallucinations after combining fluoxetine and dextromethorphanAm J Psychiatry19921491014061530079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SkopBPFinkelsteinJAMarethTRMagoonMRBrownTMThe serotonin syndrome associated with paroxetine, an over-the-counter cold remedy, and vascular diseaseAm J Emerg Med19941266426447945606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeVaneCLPharmacogenetics and drug metabolism of newer antidepressant agentsJ Clin Psychiatry199455Suppl3845 discussion 46–477814357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SindrupSHBrøsenKHansenMGAaes-JørgensenTOverøKFGramLFPharmacokinetics of citalopram in relation to the sparteine and the mephenytoin oxidation polymorphismsTher Drug Monit199315111178451774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KirchheinerJHenckelHBMeinekeIRootsIBrockmöllerJImpact of the CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer genotype on mirtazapine pharmacokinetics and adverse events in healthy volunteersJ Clin Psychopharmacol200424664765215538128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SovnerRWolfeJInteraction between dextromethorphan and monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy with isocarboxazidN Engl J Med19883192516713200285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von MoltkeLLGreenblattDJCotreau-BibboMMHarmatzJSShaderRIInhibitors of alprazolam metabolism in vitro: effect of serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor antidepressants, ketoconazole and quinidineBr J Clin Pharmacol199438123317946933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von MoltkeLLGreenblattDJGrandaBWZolpidem metabolism in vitro: responsible cytochromes, chemical inhibitors, and in vivo correlationsBr J Clin Pharmacol1999481899710383565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PopeLESchoedelKABartlettCSellersEMA study of potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between dextromethorphan/quinidine and memantine in healthy volunteersClin Drug Investig2012328e1e15
   Google Scholar
• VarsaldiFMiglioGScordoMGImpact of the CYP2D6 polymorphism on steady-state plasma concentrations and clinical outcome of donepezil in Alzheimer’s disease patientsEur J Clin Pharmacol200662972172616845507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GrönlundJSaariTIHagelbergNMNeuvonenPJOlkkolaKTLaineKExposure to oral oxycodone is increased by concomitant inhibition of CYP2D6 and 3A4 pathways, but not by inhibition of CYP2D6 aloneBr J Clin Pharmacol2010701788720642550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KomurasakiYYokoyamaTOguraJMaedaKTreatment of pathologic emotionality with thyrotropin-releasing hormoneJpn J Psychiatry Neurol19894346656682517762
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MukandJKaplanMSennoRGBishopDSPathological crying and laughing: treatment with sertralineArch Phys Med Rehabil19967712130913118976317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NahasZArlinghausKAKotrlaKJClearmanRRGeorgeMSRapid response of emotional incontinence to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitorsJ Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci19981044534559813792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullaghSFeinsteinATreatment of pathological affect: variability of response for laughter and cryingJ Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci200012110010210678522
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RamasubbuRLamotrigine treatment for post-stroke pathological laughing and cryingClin Neuropharmacol200326523323514520162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KimSWShinISKimJMLimSYYangSJYoonJSMirtazapine treatment for pathological laughing and crying after strokeClin Neuropharmacol200528524925116239769
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChahineLMChemaliZDu rire aux larmes: pathological laughing and crying in patients with traumatic brain injury and treatment with lamotrigineEpilepsy Behav20068361061516504590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GiacobbePFlintAPharmacological treatment of post-stroke pathological laughing and cryingJ Psychiatry Neurosci200732538417823653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FerentinosPPaparrigopoulosTRentzosMEvdokimidisIDuloxetine for pathological laughing and cryingInt J Neuropsychopharmacol200912101429143019785915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MooreSRGreshamLSBrombergMBKasarkisEJSmithRAA self report measure of affective labilityJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry199763189939221973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KingRRReissJPTreatment of pseudobulbar affect with citalopram in a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopthyJ Clin Neurosci201219118518622055296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drugs and human performance fact sheet: dextromethorphan [webpage on the Internet]Washington, DCNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration2014 Available from: http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/research/job185drugs/dextromethorphan.htmAccessed March 3, 2013
   Google Scholar
• KazisAKimiskidisVNiopasIPharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan in epileptic patientsActa Neurol Scand1996932–394988741125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WalkerFOHuntVPAn open label trial of dextromethorphan in Huntington’s diseaseClin Neuropharmacol19891243223302529964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LoganBKGoldfogelGHamiltonRKuhlmanJFive deaths resulting from abuse of dextromethorphan sold over the internetJ Anal Toxicol20093329910319239735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CochemsAHardingPLiddicoatLDextromethorphan in Wisconsin driversJ Anal Toxicol200731422723217555648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LoganBKCombined dextromethorphan and chlorpheniramine intoxication in impaired driversJ Forensic Sci20095451176118019674235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GanetskyMBabuKMBoyerEWSerotonin syndrome in dextromethorphan ingestion responsive to propofol therapyPediatr Emerg Care2007231182983118007217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KintzPManginPToxicological findings in a death involving dextromethorphan and terfenadineAm J Forensic Med Pathol19921343513521288270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RammerLHolmgrenPSandlerHFatal intoxication by dextromethorphan: a report on two casesForensic Sci Int19883742332363410392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GeyGOLevyRHPettetGFisherLQuinidine plasma concentration and exertional arrhythmiaAm Heart J197590119241136935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BentonRESaleMFlockhartDAWoosleyRLGreater quinidine-induced QTc interval prolongation in womenClin Pharmacol Ther200067441341810801251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KharaschEDHofferCWhittingtonDThe effect of quinidine, used as a probe for the involvement of P-glycoprotein, on the intestinal absorption and pharmacodynamics of methadoneBr J Clin Pharmacol200457560061015089813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FlorianJGarnettCENallaniSCRappaportBAThrockmortonDCA modeling and simulation approach to characterize methadone QT prolongation using pooled data from five clinical trials in MMT patientsClin Pharmacol Ther201291466667222378153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SaalAKWernerJAGreeneHLSearsGKGrahamELEffect of amiodarone on serum quinidine and procainamide levelsAm J Cardiol1984539126412676711425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TartiniRKappenbergerLSteinbrunnWMeyerUADangerous interaction between amiodarone and quinidineLancet198218285132713296123639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ToivonenLKadishAMoradyFA prospective comparison of class IA, B, and C antiarrhythmic agents in combination with amio-darone in patients with inducible, sustained ventricular tachycardiaCirculation19918411011081905591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funck-BrentanoCTurgeonJWoosleyRLRodenDMEffect of low dose quinidine on encainide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Influence of genetic polymorphismJ Pharmacol Exp Ther198924911341422496225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BirgersdotterUMWongWTurgeonJRodenDMStereoselective genetically-determined interaction between chronic flecainide and quinidine in patients with arrhythmiasBr J Clin Pharmacol19923332752801576047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BiggerJTThe interaction of mexiletine with other cardiovascular drugsAm Heart J19841075 Pt 2107910856720533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrolyFVandammeNLibersaCLhermitteMThe metabolism of mexiletine in relation to the debrisoquine/sparteine-type polymorphism of drug oxidationBr J Clin Pharmacol19913244594661958440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HiiJTDuffHJBurgessEDClinical pharmacokinetics of propafenoneClin Pharmacokinet19912111101914339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BaileyDGFreemanDJMelendezLJKreeftJHEdgarBCarruthersSGQuinidine interaction with nifedipine and felodipine: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluationClin Pharmacol Ther19935333543598453855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DamkierPHansenLLBrosenKEffect of diclofenac, disulfiram, itraconazole, grapefruit juice and erythromycin on the pharmacokinetics of quinidineBr J Clin Pharmacol199948682983810594487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HuangBHWuCHHsiaCPYin ChenCAzithromycin-induced torsade de pointesPacing Clin Electrophysiol200730121579158218070319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RogersHLBhattaramAZinehICYP2D6 genotype information to guide pimozide treatment in adult and pediatric patients: basis for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s new dosing recommendationsJ Clin Psychiatry20127391187119023059146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar