Impact of Childhood Adversity, as Early Life Distress, on Cytokine Alterations in Schizophrenia

References

• Dameshek W. The white blood cells in dementia praecox and dementia paralytica. Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1930;24:855.
   Google Scholar
• Jeon SW, Kim YK. Neuroinflammation and cytokine abnormality in major depression: cause or consequence in that illness? World J Psychiatry. 2016;6(3):283–293. doi:10.5498/wjp.v6.i3.283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akdis M, Aab A, Altunbulakli C, et al. Interleukins (from IL-1 to IL-38), interferons, transforming growth factor β, and TNF-α: receptors, functions, and roles in diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;138(4):984–1010. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kronfol Z, Remick DG. Cytokines and the brain: implications for clinical psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(5):683–694. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felger JC, Miller AH. Neurotherapeutic implications of brain-immune interactions. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014;39(1):242–243. doi:10.1038/npp.2013.213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins LR, Nguyen KT, Lee JE, Maier SF. Dynamic regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;461:153–178. doi:10.1007/978-0-585-37970-8_10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calogero AE, Gallucci WT, Chrousos GP, Gold PW. Catecholamine effects upon rat hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion in vitro. J Clin Invest. 1988;82(3):839–846. doi:10.1172/JCI113687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calogero AE, Bernardini R, Margioris AN, et al. Effects of serotonergic agonists and antagonists on corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion by explanted rat hypothalami. Peptides. 1989;10(1):189–200. doi:10.1016/0196-9781(89)90096-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tracey KJ. The inflammatory reflex. Nature. 2002;420(6917):853–859. doi:10.1038/nature01321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dantzer R, O’Connor JC, Freund GG, Johnson RW, Kelley KW. From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008;9(1):46–56. doi:10.1038/nrn2297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadek-Michalska A, Tadeusz J, Rachwalska P, Bugajski J. Cytokines, prostaglandins and nitric oxide in the regulation of stress-response systems. Pharmacol Rep. 2013;65(6):1655–1662. doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71527-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong M-L, Bongiorno PB, Gold PW, Licinio J. Localization of Interleukin-1βP converting enzyme mRNA in rat brain vasculature: evidence that the genes encoding the interleukin-1 system are constitutively expressed in brain blood vessels. Neuroimmunomodulation. 1995;2(3):141–148. doi:10.1159/000096884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louveau A, Smirnov I, Keyes TJ, et al. Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels. Nature. 2015;523(7560):337–341. doi:10.1038/nature14432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freidin M, Bennett MV, Kessler JA. Cultured sympathetic neurons synthesize and release the cytokine interleukin 1 beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;89(21):10440–10443. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.21.10440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maier SF, Watkins LR. Cytokines for psychologists: implications of bidirectional immune-to-brain communication for understanding behavior, mood, and cognition. Psychol Rev. 1998;105(1):83–107. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.105.1.83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khairova RA, Machado-Vieira R, Du J, Manji HK. A potential role for pro-inflammatory cytokines in regulating synaptic plasticity in major depressive disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009;12(4):561–578. doi:10.1017/S1461145709009924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziebell JM, Morganti-Kossmann MC. Involvement of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Neurotherapeutics. 2010;7(1):22–30. doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2009.10.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najjar S, Pearlman DM. Neuroinflammation and white matter pathology in schizophrenia: systematic review. Schizophr Res. 2015;161(1):102–112. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller BJ, Buckley P, Seabolt W, Mellor A, Kirkpatrick B. Meta-analysis of cytokine alterations in schizophrenia: clinical status and antipsychotic effects. Biol Psychiatry. 2011;70(7):663–671. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.04.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldsmith DR, Rapaport MH, Miller BJ. A meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21(12):1696–1709. doi:10.1038/mp.2016.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upthegrove R, Manzanares-Teson N, Barnes NM. Cytokine function in medication-naive first episode psychosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Schizophr Res. 2014;155(1–3):101–108. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou X, Tian B, Han HB. Serum interleukin-6 in schizophrenia: a system review and meta-analysis. Cytokine. 2021;141:155441. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Momtazmanesh S, Zare-Shahabadi A, Rezaei N. Cytokine alterations in schizophrenia: an updated review. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:892. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00892
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues-Amorim D, Rivera-Baltanas T, Spuch C, et al. Cytokines dysregulation in schizophrenia: a systematic review of psychoneuroimmune relationship. Schizophr Res. 2018;197:19–33. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.11.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ermakov EA, Melamud MM, Buneva VN, Ivanova SA. Immune system abnormalities in schizophrenia: an integrative view and translational perspectives. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:880568. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.880568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hope S, Melle I, Aukrust P, et al. Similar immune profile in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: selective increase in soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I and von Willebrand factor. Bipolar Disord. 2009;11(7):726–734. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00757.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potvin S, Stip E, Sepehry AA, Gendron A, Bah R, Kouassi E. Inflammatory cytokine alterations in schizophrenia: a systematic quantitative review. Biol Psychiatry. 2008;63(8):801–808. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.09.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turhan L, Batmaz S, Kocbiyik S, Soygur AH. The role of tumour necrosis factor alpha and soluble tumour necrosis factor alpha receptors in the symptomatology of schizophrenia. Nord J Psychiatry. 2016;70(5):342–350. doi:10.3109/08039488.2015.1122079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borovcanin M, Jovanovic I, Radosavljevic G, et al. Antipsychotics can modulate the cytokine profile in schizophrenia: attenuation of the type-2 inflammatory response. Schizophr Res. 2013;147(1):103–109. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.03.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Witte L, Tomasik J, Schwarz E, et al. Cytokine alterations in first-episode schizophrenia patients before and after antipsychotic treatment. Schizophr Res. 2014;154(1–3):23–29. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reale M, Patruno A, De Lutiis MA, et al. Dysregulation of chemo-cytokine production in schizophrenic patients versus healthy controls. BMC Neurosci. 2011;12:13. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ş K, Gönenir EL, Zayman PE, Ö O, Karabulut BA, Kartalcı G. IL-4, TGF-b, NF-kB and MPO levels in Patients with Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2016;27(3):170–175. doi:10.5080/u13642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noto C, Maes M, Ota VK, et al. High predictive value of immune-inflammatory biomarkers for schizophrenia diagnosis and association with treatment resistance. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2015;16(6):422–429. doi:10.3109/15622975.2015.1062552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balõtšev R, Koido K, Vasar V, et al. Inflammatory, cardio-metabolic and diabetic profiling of chronic schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry. 2017;39:1–10. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.05.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eftekharian MM, Omrani MD, Arsang-Jang S, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Serum cytokine profile in schizophrenic patients. Hum Antibodies. 2019;27(1):23–29. doi:10.3233/HAB-180344
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boerrigter D, Weickert TW, Lenroot R, et al. Using blood cytokine measures to define high inflammatory biotype of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14(1):188. doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0962-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu G, Zhang W, Dai J, et al. Increased peripheral interleukin 10 relate to white matter integrity in schizophrenia. Front Neurosci. 2019;13:52. doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frydecka D, Krzystek-Korpacka M, Lubeiro A, et al. Profiling inflammatory signatures of schizophrenia: a cross-sectional and meta-analysis study. Brain Behav Immun. 2018;71:28–36. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxeiner H-G, Schneider EM, Kurfiss S-T, Brettschneider J, Tumani H, Bechter K. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum cytokine profiling to detect immune control of infectious and inflammatory neurological and psychiatric diseases. Cytokine. 2014;69(1):62–67. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2014.05.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong W, Zhao M, Li H, et al. Higher plasma S100B concentrations in schizophrenia patients, and dependently associated with inflammatory markers. Sci Rep. 2016;6:27584. doi:10.1038/srep27584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teicher HM, Samson AJ. Childhood maltreatment and psychopathology: a case for ecophenotypic variants as clinically and neurobiologically distinct subtypes. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(10):1114–1133. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12070957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation. Report on consultation on child abuse prevention. World Health Organization, Document WHO/HSC/PVI/99.1; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Read J. Child abuse and the severity of disturbance among adult psychiatric inpatients. Child Abuse Negl. 1998;22(5):359–368. doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(98)00009-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vila-Badia R, Del Cacho N, Butjosa A; for Group PROFEP. Prevalence and types of childhood trauma in first episode psychosis patients. Relation with clinical onset variables. J Psychiatr Res. 2022;146:102–108. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalinichev M, Easterling KW, Plotsky PM, Holtzman SG. Long-lasting changes in stress-induced corticosterone response and anxiety-like behaviors as a consequence of neonatal maternal separation in Long-Evans rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2002;73(1):131–140. doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(02)00781-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh DL, Jerman P, Silvério Marques S, et al. Systematic review of pediatric health outcomes associated with childhood adversity. BMC Pediatr. 2018;18(1):83. doi:10.1186/s12887-018-1037-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson CM, Teicher MH, Polcari A, Renshaw PF. Abnormal T2 relaxation time in the cerebellar vermis of adults sexually abused in childhood: potential role of the vermis in stress-enhanced risk for drug abuse. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2002;27(1–2):231–244. doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(01)00047-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teicher MH, Dumont NL, Ito Y, Vaituzis C, Giedd JN, Andersen SL. Childhood neglect is associated with reduced corpus callosum area. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;56(2):80–85. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.03.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weniger G, Lange C, Sachsse U, Irle E. Amygdala and hippocampal volumes and cognition in adult survivors of childhood abuse with dissociative disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2008;118(4):281–290. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01246.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teicher MH, Samson JA. Annual research review: enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2016;57(3):241–266. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser D. Child abuse and neglect and the brain – a review. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001;41(1):97–116. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00551
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read J, Van Os J, Morrison AP, Ross CA. Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: a literature review with theoretical and clinical implications. Acta Psychiatrica Scand. 2005;112(5):330–350. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00634.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larkin W, Read J. Childhood trauma and psychosis: evidence, pathways and implications. J Postgrad Med. 2008;54(4):287–293. doi:10.4103/0022-3859.41437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matheson SL, Shepherd AM, Pinchbeck RM, Laurens KR, Carr VJ. Childhood adversity in schizophrenia: a systematic meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2013;43(2):225–238. doi:10.1017/S0033291712000785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray RM, Mondelli V, Stilo SA, et al. The influence of risk factors on the onset and outcome of psychosis: what we learned from the GAP study. Schizophr Res. 2020;225:63–68. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trotta A, Murray RM, Fisher HL. The impact of childhood adversity on the persistence of psychotic symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2015;45(12):2481–2498. doi:10.1017/S0033291715000574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Shahwan S, Abdin E, et al. Adverse childhood experiences and positive psychotic symptoms: a nationally representative study in Singapore. Child Abuse Negl. 2022;131:105778. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chase KA, Melbourne JK, Rosen C, et al. Traumagenics: at the intersect of childhood trauma, immunity and psychosis. Psychiatry Res. 2019;273:369–377. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman J, Torbey S. Child maltreatment and psychosis. Neurobiol Dis. 2019;131:104378. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grindey A, Bradshaw T. Do different adverse childhood experiences lead to specific symptoms of psychosis in adulthood? A systematic review of the current literature. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2022;31(4):868–887. doi:10.1111/inm
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danese A, Pariante CM, Caspi A, Taylor A, Poulton R. Childhood maltreatment predicts adult inflammation in a life-course study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(4):1319–1324. doi:10.1073/pnas.0610362104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennison U, McKernan D, Cryan J, Dinan T. Schizophrenia patients with a history of childhood trauma have a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Psychol Med. 2012;42(9):1865–1871. doi:10.1017/S0033291712000074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Løkhammer S, Stavrum AK, Polushina T, et al. An epigenetic association analysis of childhood trauma in psychosis reveals possible overlap with methylation changes associated with PTSD. Transl Psychiatry. 2022;12(1):177. doi:10.1038/s41398-022-01936-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danese A, Lewis J. Psychoneuroimmunology of early-life stress: the hidden wounds of childhood trauma? Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017;42(1):99–114. doi:10.1038/npp.2016.198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quidé Y, Bortolasci CC, Spolding B, et al. Association between childhood trauma exposure and pro-inflammatory cytokines in schizophrenia and bipolar-I disorder. Psychol Med. 2019;49(16):2736–2744. doi:10.1017/S0033291718003690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aas M, Dieset I, Hope S, et al. Childhood maltreatment severity is associated with elevated C-reactive protein and body mass index in adults with schizophrenia and bipolar diagnoses. Brain Behav Immun. 2017;65:342–349. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Jinxiang T, Shu Y, et al. Childhood trauma and the plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-α are risk factors for major depressive disorder and schizophrenia in adolescents: a cross-sectional and case-control study. J Affect Disord. 2022;305:227–232. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellman LM, Deicken RF, Vinogradov S, et al. Structural brain alterations in schizophrenia following fetal exposure to the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8. Schizophr Res. 2010;121(1–3):46–54. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.05.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munjiza A, Kostic M, Pesic D, Gajic M, Markovic I, Tosevski DL. Higher concentration of interleukin 6 - A possible link between major depressive disorder and childhood abuse. Psychiatry Res. 2018;264:26–30. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn AJ. Cytokine activation of the HPA axis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;917:608–617. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05426.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girshkin L, Matheson SL, Shepherd AM, Green MJ. Morning cortisol levels in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014;49:187–206. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.07.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foiselle M, Barbosa S, Godin O; for FACE-SZ (FondaMental Academic Centers of Expertise for Schizophrenia) Groups. Immuno-metabolic profile of patients with psychotic disorders and metabolic syndrome. Results from the FACE-SZ cohort. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2022;22:100436. doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100436
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Corsi-Zuelli F, Loureiro CM, Shuhama R, et al. Cytokine profile in first-episode psychosis, unaffected siblings and community-based controls: the effects of familial liability and childhood maltreatment. Psychol Med. 2020;50(7):1139–1147. doi:10.1017/S0033291719001016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohleder N. Stimulation of systemic low-grade inflammation by psychosocial stress. Psychosom Med. 2014;76(3):181–189. doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jovanovic AM, Mitkovic-Voncina M, Kostic M, et al. Childhood maltreatment correlates with higher concentration of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in adult patients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2021;301:113987. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Nicola M, Cattaneo A, Hepgul N, et al. Serum and gene expression profile of cytokines in first-episode psychosis. Brain Behav Immun. 2013;31:90–95. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.06.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hepgul N, Pariante CM, Dipasquale S, et al. Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased body mass index and increased C-reactive protein levels in first episode psychosis patients. Psychol Med. 2012;42(9):1893–1901. doi:10.1017/S0033291711002947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mondelli V, Pariante CM, Navari S, et al. Higher cortisol levels are associated with smaller left hippocampal volume in first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2010;119(1–3):75–78. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.12.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mondelli V, Cattaneo A, Murri MB, et al. Stress and inflammation reduce brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in first-episode psychosis: a pathway to smaller hippocampal volume. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(12):1677–1684. doi:10.4088/JCP.10m06745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes BS, Steiner J, Bernstein HG, et al. C-reactive protein is increased in schizophrenia but is not altered by antipsychotics: meta-analysis and implications. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21:554–564. doi:10.1038/mp.2015.87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth BL, Sheffler DJ, Kroeze WK. Magic shotguns versus magic bullets: selectively non-selective drugs for mood disorders and schizophrenia. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004;3(4):353–359. doi:10.1038/nrd1346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar