Post-traumatic epilepsy: current and emerging treatment options

References

• TemkinNRPreventing and treating posttraumatic seizures: the human experienceEpilepsia200950Suppl 2101319187289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CottonBAKaoLSKozarRHolcombJBCost-utility analysis of levetiracetam and phenytoin for posttraumatic seizure prophylaxisJ Trauma201171237537921825941
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AnnegersJFHauserWACoanSPRoccaWAA population-based study of seizures after traumatic brain injuriesN Engl J Med1998338120249414327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AsikainenIKasteMSarnaSEarly and late posttraumatic seizures in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation patients: brain injury factors causing late seizures and influence of seizures on long-term outcomeEpilepsia199940558458910386527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CantuDWalkerKAndresenLTraumatic brain injury increases cortical glutamate network activity by compromising GABAergic controlCereb Cortex Epub201437
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HermanSTEpilepsy after brain insult: targeting epileptogenesisNeurology2002599 Suppl 5S21S2612428028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PitkänenAKemppainenSNdode-EkaneXEPosttraumatic epilepsy – disease or comorbidity?Epilepsy Behav Epub2014211
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SilversteinFSBarksJDHaganPLiuXHIvackoJSzaflarskiJCytokines and perinatal brain injuryNeurochem Int1997304–53753839106251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AnnegersJFGrabowJDGrooverRVLawsERJrElvebackLRKurlandLTSeizures after head trauma: a population studyNeurology1980307 Pt 16836897190235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HaltinerAMTemkinNRDikmenSSRisk of seizure recurrence after the first late posttraumatic seizureArch Phys Med Rehabil19977888358409344302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TemkinNRDikmenSSWilenskyAJKeihmJChabalSWinnHRA randomized, double-blind study of phenytoin for the prevention of post-traumatic seizuresN Engl J Med199032384975022115976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SalazarAMJabbariBVanceSCGrafmanJAminDDillonJDEpilepsy after penetrating head injury. I. Clinical correlates: a report of the Vietnam Head Injury StudyNeurology19853510140614143929158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PughMJOrmanJAJaramilloCAThe prevalence of epilepsy and association with traumatic brain injury in veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq warsJ Head Trauma Rehabil Epub201441
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LowensteinDHEpilepsy after head injury: an overviewEpilepsia200950Suppl 24919187288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangHCChangWNChangHWFactors predictive of outcome in posttraumatic seizuresJ Trauma200864488388818404052
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KatzDIAlexanderMPKleinRBRecovery of arm function in patients with paresis after traumatic brain injuryArch Phys Med Rehabil19987954884939596386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TillCColellaBVerwegenJGreenREPostrecovery cognitive decline in adults with traumatic brain injuryArch Phys Med Rehabil20088912 SupplS25S3419081438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChangBSLowensteinDHQuality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of NeurologyPractice parameter: antiepileptic drug prophylaxis in severe traumatic brain injury: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of NeurologyNeurology2003601101612525711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RoweASGoodwinHBrophyGMNeurocritical Care Society Pharmacy SectionSeizure prophylaxis in neurocritical care: a review of evidence-based supportPharmacotherapy201434439640924277723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BhullarISJohnsonDPaulJPKerwinAJTepasJJ3rdFrykbergERMore harm than good: antiseizure prophylaxis after traumatic brain injury does not decrease seizure rates but may inhibit functional recoveryJ Trauma Acute Care Surg20147615460 discussion 60–6124368357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DewolfeJLSzaflarskiJPLevetiracetam use in the critical care settingFront Neurol2013412123986742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JonesKEPuccioAMHarshmanKJLevetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis in severe traumatic brain injuryNeurosurg Focus2008254E318828701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MilliganTAHurwitzSBromfieldEBEfficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam versus phenytoin after supratentorial neurosurgeryNeurology200871966566918725591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SzaflarskiJPSanghaKSLindsellCJShutterLAProspective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous leveti-racetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxisNeurocrit Care201012216517219898966
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TaylorSHeinrichsRJJanzenJMEhtishamALevetiracetam is associated with improved cognitive outcome for patients with intracranial hemorrhageNeurocrit Care2011151808420890680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteinbaughLALindsellCJShutterLASzaflarskiJPInitial EEG predicts outcomes in a trial of levetiracetam vs fosphenytoin for seizure preventionEpilepsy Behav201223328028422342434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BengeJFPhenisRABernettACruz-LaureanoDKirmaniBFNeurobehavioral effects of levetiracetam in patients with traumatic brain injuryFront Neurol2013419524348459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KirmaniBFMungallDLingGRole of intravenous levetiracetam in seizure prophylaxis of severe traumatic brain injury patientsFront Neurol2013417024198810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GlötznerFLHaubitzIMiltnerFKappGPflughauptKWSeizure prevention using carbamazepine following severe brain injuriesNeurochirurgia (Stuttg)19832636679 German [with English abstract]6410292
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DikmenSSMachamerJEWinnHRAndersonGDTemkinNRNeuropsychological effects of valproate in traumatic brain injury: a randomized trialNeurology200054489590210690983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TemkinNRDikmenSSAndersonGDValproate therapy for prevention of posttraumatic seizures: a randomized trialJ Neurosurg199991459360010507380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChenSWuHKlebeDHongYZhangJValproic acid: a new candidate of therapeutic application for the acute central nervous system injuriesNeurochem Res Epub2014131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShettyAKProspects of levetiracetam as a neuroprotective drug against status epilepticus, traumatic brain injury, and strokeFront Neurol2013417224204362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangHGaoJLassiterTFLevetiracetam is neuroprotective in murine models of closed head injury and subarachnoid hemorrhageNeurocrit Care200651717816960300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZouHBrayerSWHurwitzMNiyonkuruCFowlerLEWagnerAKNeuroprotective, neuroplastic, and neurobehavioral effects of daily treatment with levetiracetam in experimental traumatic brain injuryNeurorehabil Neural Repair201327987888823812605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeDSRyuHJKimJEThe effect of levetiracetam on status epilepticus-induced neuronal death in the rat hippocampusSeizure201322536837723490457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LöscherWBrandtCPrevention or modification of epileptogenesis after brain insults: experimental approaches and translational researchPharmacol Rev201062466870021079040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MargineanuDGMatagneAKaminskiRMKlitgaardHEffects of chronic treatment with levetiracetam on hippocampal field responses after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in ratsBrain Res Bull200877528228518722515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RussoECitraroRScicchitanoFComparison of the antiepileptogenic effects of an early long-term treatment with ethosuximide or levetiracetam in a genetic animal model of absence epilepsyEpilepsia20105181560156919919665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YanHDJi-qunCIshiharaKNagayamaTSerikawaTSasaMSeparation of antiepileptogenic and antiseizure effects of levetiracetam in the spontaneously epileptic rat (SER)Epilepsia20054681170117716060925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AldenkampAArendsJThe relative influence of epileptic EEG discharges, short nonconvulsive seizures, and type of epilepsy on cognitive functionEpilepsia2004451546314692908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NicolaiJEbusSBiemansDPThe cognitive effects of interictal epileptiform EEG discharges and short nonconvulsive epileptic seizuresEpilepsia20125361051105922554146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AldenkampAEffects of epileptiform EEG discharges on cognitive functionZemanAKapurNJones-GotmanMEpilepsy and MemoryOxfordOxford University Press2012160176
   Google Scholar
• KossoffEHLosJGBoatmanDFA pilot study transitioning children onto levetiracetam monotherapy to improve language dysfunction associated with benign rolandic epilepsyEpilepsy Behav200711451451717936689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StodieckSSteinhoffBJKolmseeSvan RijckevorselKEffect of levetiracetam in patients with epilepsy and interictal epileptiform dischargesSeizure200110858358711792161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChoJRKooDLJooEYEffect of levetiracetam monotherapy on background EEG activity and cognition in drug-naïve epilepsy patientsClin Neurophysiol2012123588389122000706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BushnikTEnglanderJWrightJKolakowsky-HaynerSATraumatic brain injury with and without late posttraumatic seizures: what are the impacts in the post-acute phase: a NIDRR Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems studyJ Head Trauma Rehabil2012276E36E4423131969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolakowsky-HaynerSAWrightJEnglanderJDuongTLadley-O’BrienSImpact of late post-traumatic seizures on physical health and functioning for individuals with brain injury within the communityBrain Inj201327557858623472705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HammRJDixonCEGbadeboDMCognitive deficits following traumatic brain injury produced by controlled cortical impactJ Neurotrauma19929111201619672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CoulterDARafiqAShumateMGongQZDeLorenzoRJLyethBGBrain injury-induced enhanced limbic epileptogenesis: anatomical and physiological parallels to an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsyEpilepsy Res199626181918985690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NiskanenJPAiraksinenAMSierraAMonitoring functional impairment and recovery after traumatic brain injury in rats by FMRIJ Neurotrauma201330754655623259713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PitkänenAImmonenRJGröhnOHKharatishviliIFrom traumatic brain injury to posttraumatic epilepsy: what animal models tell us about the process and treatment optionsEpilepsia200950Suppl 2212919187291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HooverRCMottaMDavisJDifferential effects of the anticonvulsant topiramate on neurobehavioral and histological outcomes following traumatic brain injury in ratsJ Neurotrauma200421550151215165359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VespaPMMcArthurDLXuYNonconvulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury are associated with hippocampal atrophyNeurology201075979279820805525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TimofeevICarpenterKLNortjeJCerebral extracellular chemistry and outcome following traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis study of 223 patientsBrain2011134Pt 248449421247930
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VespaPMMillerCMcArthurDNonconvulsive electrographic seizures after traumatic brain injury result in a delayed, prolonged increase in intracranial pressure and metabolic crisisCrit Care Med200735122830283618074483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ManiRSchmittSEMazerMPuttMEGaieskiDFThe frequency and timing of epileptiform activity on continuous electroencephalogram in comatose post-cardiac arrest syndrome patients treated with therapeutic hypothermiaResuscitation201283784084722366352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SzaflarskiJPRackleyAYKleindorferDOIncidence of seizures in the acute phase of stroke: a population-based studyEpilepsia200849697498118248443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VespaPMNenovVNuwerMRContinuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit: early findings and clinical efficacyJ Clin Neuro-physiol1999161113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VespaPMNuwerMRNenovVIncreased incidence and impact of nonconvulsive and convulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury as detected by continuous electroencephalographic monitoringJ Neurosurg199991575076010541231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LoringDWWilliamsonDJMeadorKJWiegandFHulihanJTopiramate dose effects on cognition: a randomized double-blind studyNeurology201176213113721148119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MartinRKuznieckyRHoSCognitive effects of topiramate, gabapentin, and lamotrigine in healthy young adultsNeurology19995223213279932951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MeadorKJLoringDWVahleVJCognitive and behavioral effects of lamotrigine and topiramate in healthy volunteersNeurology200564122108211415985582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SalinskyMCStorzbachDSpencerDCOkenBSLandryTDodrillCBEffects of topiramate and gabapentin on cognitive abilities in healthy volunteersNeurology200564579279815753411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlumDMeadorKBitonVCognitive effects of lamotrigine compared with topiramate in patients with epilepsyNeurology200667340040616894098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeSSziklasVAndermannFThe effects of adjunctive topiramate on cognitive function in patients with epilepsyEpilepsia200344333934712614389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MulaMTrimbleMRThompsonPSanderJWTopiramate and word-finding difficulties in patients with epilepsyNeurology20036071104110712682314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SzaflarskiJPAllendorferJBTopiramate and its effect on fMRI of language in patients with right or left temporal lobe epilepsyEpilepsy Behav2012241748022481042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DikmenSSTemkinNRMillerBMachamerJWinnHRNeurobehavioral effects of phenytoin prophylaxis of posttraumatic seizuresJAMA199126510127112771995974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GallassiRMorrealeALorussoSProcacciantiGLugaresiEBaruzziACarbamazepine and phenytoin. Comparison of cognitive effects in epileptic patients during monotherapy and withdrawalArch Neurol19884588928943395263
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GomerBWagnerKFringsLThe influence of antiepileptic drugs on cognition: a comparison of levetiracetam with topiramateEpilepsy Behav200710348649417409025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HelmstaedterCWittJAThe effects of levetiracetam on cognition: a non-interventional surveillance studyEpilepsy Behav200813464264918707022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NaidechAMKreiterKTJanjuaNPhenytoin exposure is associated with functional and cognitive disability after subarachnoid hemorrhageStroke200536358358715662039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TrimbleMRCognitive hazards of seizure disordersEpilepsia198829Suppl 1S19S243292233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AndrewesDGBullenJGTomlinsonLElwesRDReynoldsEHA comparative study of the cognitive effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine in new referrals with epilepsyEpilepsia19862721281343956451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GillhamRAWilliamsNWiedmannKDButlerELarkinJGBrodieMJCognitive function in adult epileptic patients established on anticonvulsant monotherapyEpilepsy Res1990732192252289480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PulliainenVJokelainenMComparing the cognitive effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine in long-term monotherapy: a two-year follow-upEpilepsia19953612119512027489696
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AldenkampAPAlphertsWCDiepmanLvan ‘t SlotBOverwegJVermeulenJCognitive side-effects of phenytoin compared with carbamazepine in patients with localization-related epilepsyEpilepsy Res199419137437813412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DuncanJSShorvonSDTrimbleMREffects of removal of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproate on cognitive functionEpilepsia19903155845912119303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GiurgeaCThe “nootropic” approach to the pharmacology of the integrative activity of the brainCond Reflex1973821081154736348
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GiurgeaCEGreindlMGPreatSNootropic drugs and agingActa Psychiatr Belg19838343493586660010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CiesielskiASSamsonSSteinhoffBJNeuropsychological and psychiatric impact of add-on titration of pregabalin versus levetiracetam: a comparative short-term studyEpilepsy Behav20069342443116949344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López-GóngoraMMartínez-DomeñoAGarciaCEscartínAEffect of levetiracetam on cognitive functions and quality of life: a one-year follow-up studyEpileptic Disord200810429730519017572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HelmstaedterCFritzNEKockelmannEKosanetzkyNElgerCEPositive and negative psychotropic effects of levetiracetamEpilepsy Behav200813353554118583196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EddyCMRickardsHECavannaAEThe cognitive impact of anti-epileptic drugsTher Adv Neurol Disord20114638540722164192
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NeyensLGAlphertsWCAldenkampAPCognitive effects of a new pyrrolidine derivative (levetiracetam) in patients with epilepsyProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry19951934114197624492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HuangCWPaiMCTsaiJJComparative cognitive effects of levetiracetam and topiramate in intractable epilepsyPsychiatry Clin Neurosci200862554855318950374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de GrootMDouwLSizooEMLevetiracetam improves verbal memory in high-grade glioma patientsNeuro-oncology201315221622323233537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SanchezPEZhuLVerretLLevetiracetam suppresses neuronal network dysfunction and reverses synaptic and cognitive deficits in an Alzheimer’s disease modelProc Natl Acad Sci U S A201210942E2895E290322869752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MeadorKJLoringDWAbneyOLEffects of carbamazepine and phenytoin on EEG and memory in healthy adultsEpilepsia19933411531578422849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OsorioIBurnstineTHRemlerBManon-EspaillatRReedRCPhenytoin-induced seizures: a paradoxical effect at toxic concentrations in epileptic patientsEpilepsia19893022302342924747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FountainNShould levetiracetam replace phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis after neurosurgery?Epilepsy Curr200993717219471614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MilliganTAHurwitzSBromfieldEBEfficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam versus phenytoin after supratentorial neurosurgeryNeurology200871966566918725591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SzaflarskiJPMecklerJMSzaflarskiMShutterLAPriviteraMDYatesSLLevetiracetam use in critically ill patientsNeurocrit Care20077214014717607530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KilpatrickCJDavisSMHopperJLRossiterSCEarly seizures after acute stroke. Risk of late seizuresArch Neurol19924955095111580813
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SoELAnnegersJFHauserWAO’BrienPCWhisnantJPPopulation-based study of seizure disorders after cerebral infarctionNeurology19964623503558614493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KlitgaardHPitkänenAAntiepileptogenesis, neuroprotection, and disease modification in the treatment of epilepsy: focus on levetiracetamEpileptic Disord20035Suppl 1S9S1612915336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PitkänenABolkvadzeTImmonenRAnti-epileptogenesis in rodent post-traumatic epilepsy modelsNeurosci Lett2011497316317121402123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DichterMAEmerging concepts in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and epileptogenesisArch Neurol200966444344719364928
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HermanSTClinical trials for prevention of epileptogenesisEpilepsy Res2006681353816377141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ManiRPollardJDichterMAHuman clinical trails in antiepileptogenesisNeurosci Lett2011497325125621439351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SpechtUMayTSchulzRCerebellar atrophy and prognosis after temporal lobe resectionJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry19976255015069153610
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• InabaKMenakerJBrancoBCA prospective multicenter comparison of levetiracetam versus phenytoin for early posttraumatic seizure prophylaxisJ Trauma Acute Care Surg201374376677323425733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KilbrideRDCostelloDJChiappaKHHow seizure detection by continuous electroencephalographic monitoring affects the prescribing of antiepileptic medicationsArch Neurol200966672372819506131
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeLorenzoRJWaterhouseEJTowneARPersistent nonconvulsive status epilepticus after the control of convulsive status epilepticusEpilepsia19983988338409701373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PriviteraMHoffmanMMooreJLJesterDEEG detection of nontonic-clonic status epilepticus in patients with altered consciousnessEpilepsy Res19941821551667957038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VarelasPNMirskiMAManagement of seizures in critically ill patientsCurr Neurol Neurosci Rep20044648949615509452
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VespaPMBoscardinWJHovdaDAEarly and persistent impaired percent alpha variability on continuous electroencephalography monitoring as predictive of poor outcome after traumatic brain injuryJ Neurosurg2002971849212134937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeCYFuWMChenCCSuMJLiouHHLamotrigine inhibits postsynaptic AMPA receptor and glutamate release in the dentate gyrusEpilepsia200849588889718248444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RogawskiMARevisiting AMPA receptors as an antiepileptic drug targetEpilepsy Curr2011112566321686307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RussoEConstantiAFerreriGCitraroRDe SarroGNifedipine affects the anticonvulsant activity of topiramate in various animal models of epilepsyNeuropharmacology200446686587815033346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RussoEGittoRCitraroRChimirriADe SarroGNew AMPA antagonists in epilepsyExpert Opin Investig Drugs201221913711389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiuYBarksJDXuGSilversteinFSTopiramate extends the therapeutic window for hypothermia-mediated neuroprotection after stroke in neonatal ratsStroke20043561460146515105511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrandtCHeileAPotschkaHStoehrTLöscherWEffects of the novel antiepileptic drug lacosamide on the development of amygdala kindling in ratsEpilepsia200647111803180917116018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GaspardNForemanBJuddLMIntravenous ketamine for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus: a retrospective multicenter studyEpilepsia20135481498150323758557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar