1,472
Views
36
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Management of nightmares in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: current perspectives

Pages 409-420 | Published online: 26 Nov 2018

References

  • American Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders5th edWashington, DCAmerican Psychiatric Association2003
  • GermainASleep disturbances as the hallmark of PTSD: where are we now?Am J Psychiatry2013170437238223223954
  • LeskinGAWoodwardSHYoungHESheikhJIEffects of comorbid diagnoses on sleep disturbance in PTSDJ Psychiatr Res200236644945212393315
  • HeimCNemeroffCBNeurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorderCNS Spectr2009141 Suppl 11324
  • DavisJLByrdPRhudyJLWrightDCCharacteristics of chronic nightmares in a trauma-exposed treatment-seeking sampleDreaming2007174187198
  • DetweilerMBArifSCandelarioJSalem VAMC-U.S. Army fort Bragg warrior transition clinic telepsychiatry collaboration: 12-month operation clinical perspectiveTelemed J E Health2012182818622283361
  • DaviesJTreating Post-trauma Nightmares: A Cognitive Behavioral ApproachNew YorkSpringer2009
  • ClumGANishithPResickPATrauma-related sleep disturbance and self-reported physical health symptoms in treatment-seeking female rape victimsJ Nerv Ment Dis2001189961862211580006
  • BryantRACreamerMO’DonnellMSiloveDMcFarlaneACSleep disturbance immediately prior to trauma predicts subsequent psychiatric disorderSleep2010331697420120622
  • van LiemptSvan ZuidenMWestenbergHSuperAVermettenEImpact of impaired sleep on the development of PTSD symptoms in combat veterans: a prospective longitudinal cohort studyDepress Anxiety201330546947423389990
  • KobayashiISledjeskiEMSpoonsterEFallonWFDelahantyDLEffects of early nightmares on the development of sleep disturbances in motor vehicle accident victimsJ Trauma Stress200821654855519107721
  • SpoormakerVIMontgomeryPDisturbed sleep in post-traumatic stress disorder: secondary symptom or core feature?Sleep Med Rev200812316918418424196
  • NadorffMRNazemSFiskeAInsomnia symptoms, nightmares, and suicide risk: duration of sleep disturbance mattersSuicide Life Threat Behav201343213914923278677
  • SjöströmNHettaJWaernMPersistent nightmares are associated with repeat suicide attempt: a prospective studyPsychiatry Res20091702–320821119900715
  • SjöströmNWaernMHettaJNightmares and sleep disturbances in relation to suicidality in suicide attemptersSleep2007301919517310869
  • PanagiotiMGoodingPATarrierNA meta-analysis of the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and suicidality: the role of comorbid depressionCompr Psychiatry201253791593022483367
  • SareenJHoulahanTCoxBJAsmundsonGJAnxiety disorders associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity SurveyJ Nerv Ment Dis2005193745045415985839
  • LittlewoodDLGoodingPAPanagiotiMKyleSDNightmares and suicide in posttraumatic stress disorder: the mediating role of defeat, entrapment, and hopelessnessJ Clin Sleep Med201612339339926564386
  • NadorffMRNadorffDKGermainANightmares: under-reported, undetected, and therefore untreatedJ Clin Sleep Med201511774775025845898
  • SimorPHorváthKGombosFTakácsKPBódizsRDisturbed dreaming and sleep quality: altered sleep architecture in subjects with frequent nightmaresEur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci2012262868769622526731
  • PhelpsAJKanaanRAAWorsnopCRedstonSRalphNForbesDAn ambulatory polysomnography study of the post-traumatic nightmares of post-traumatic stress disorderSleep2018411
  • TamannaSParkerJDLyonsJUllahMIThe effect of continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) on nightmares in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSAJ Clin Sleep Med201410663163624932142
  • Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Effects in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Institute of MedicineTreatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military and Veteran PopulationsWashington, DCNational Academies Press2012
  • FoaEBSteketeeGRothbaumBOBehavioral/cognitive conceptualizations of post-traumatic stress disorderBehav Ther198920155176
  • MarksIRehearsal relief of a nightmareBr J Psychiatry1978133546146531962
  • KrakowBZadraAClinical management of chronic nightmares: imagery rehearsal therapyBehav Sleep Med200641457016390284
  • AugedalAWHansenKSKronhaugCRHarveyAGPallesenSRandomized controlled trials of psychological and pharmacological treatments for nightmares: a meta-analysisSleep Med Rev201317214315223046846
  • HansenKHöflingVKröner-BorowikTStangierUSteilREfficacy of psychological interventions aiming to reduce chronic nightmares: a meta-analysisClin Psychol Rev201333114615523186732
  • KrakowBHollifieldMJohnstonLImagery rehearsal therapy for chronic nightmares in sexual assault survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trialJAMA2001286553754511476655
  • KrakowBKellnerRNeidhardtJPathakDLambertLImagery rehearsal treatment of chronic nightmares: with a thirty month followupJ Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry19932443253308077451
  • ThünkerJPietrowskyREffectiveness of a manualized imagery rehearsal therapy for patients suffering from nightmare disorders with and without a comorbidity of depression or PTSDBehav Res Ther201250955856422738908
  • ForbesDPhelpsAJMcHughAFDebenhamPHopwoodMCreamerMImagery rehearsal in the treatment of posttraumatic nightmares in Australian veterans with chronic combat-related PTSD: 12-month follow-up dataJ Trauma Stress200316550951314584636
  • NappiCMDrummondSPThorpSRMcQuaidJREffectiveness of imagery rehearsal therapy for the treatment of combat-related nightmares in veteransBehav Ther201041223724420412888
  • CookJMHarbGCGehrmanPRImagery rehearsal for post-traumatic nightmares: a randomized controlled trialJ Trauma Stress201023555356320839311
  • LuMWagnerAVan MaleLWhiteheadABoehnleinJImagery rehearsal therapy for posttraumatic nightmares in U.S. veteransJ Trauma Stress200922323623919444882
  • CasementMDSwansonLMA meta-analysis of imagery rehearsal for post-trauma nightmares: effects on nightmare frequency, sleep quality, and posttraumatic stressClin Psychol Rev201232656657422819998
  • HarbGCPhelpsAJForbesDRossRJGehrmanPRCookJMA critical review of the evidence base of imagery rehearsal for post-traumatic nightmares: pointing the way for future researchJ Trauma Stress201326557057924114887
  • ManberRCarneyCEdingerJDissemination of CBTI to the non-sleep specialist: protocol development and training issuesJ Clin Sleep Med20128220921822505869
  • ZayfertCDevivaJCResidual insomnia following cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSDJ Trauma Stress2004171697315027796
  • DavisJLWrightDCExposure, relaxation, and rescripting treatment for trauma-related nighmaresJ Trauma Dissociation20067151816618692
  • DavisJLWrightDCRandomized clinical trial for treatment of chronic nightmares in trauma-exposed adultsJ Trauma Stress200720212313317427914
  • DavisJLRhudyJLPruiksmaKEPhysiological predictors of response to exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy for chronic nightmares in a randomized clinical trialJ Clin Sleep Med20117662263122171201
  • BalliettNEDavisJLMillerKEEfficacy of a brief treatment for nightmares and sleep disturbances for veteransPsychol Trauma20157650751526010113
  • HoFYChanCSTangKNCognitive-behavioral therapy for sleep disturbances in treating posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsClin Psychol Rev2016439010226439674
  • RhudyJLDavisJLWilliamsAECognitive-behavioral treatment for chronic nightmares in trauma-exposed persons: assessing physiological reactions to nightmare-related fearJ Clin Psychol201066436538220127794
  • PruiksmaKECranstonCCRhudyJLMicolRLDavisJLRandomized controlled trial to dismantle exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy (ERRT) for trauma-related nightmaresPsychol Trauma2018101677527977223
  • WolpeJBehavioral Therapy TechniquesNew YorkPergamon Press1967
  • CellucciAJLawrencePSThe efficacy of systematic desensi-tization in reducing nightmaresJ Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry197892109114
  • KellnerRNeidhardtJKrakowBPathakDChanges in chronic nightmares after one session of desensitization or rehearsal instructionsAm J Psychiatry199214956596631349459
  • MillerWRDipilatoMTreatment of nightmares via relaxation and desensitization: a controlled evaluationJ Consult Clin Psychol19835168708776140275
  • ShapiroFEye movement desensitization: a new treatment for post-traumatic stress disorderJ Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry19892032112172576656
  • WilsonDLSilverSMCoviWGFosterSEye movement desensitization and reprocessing: effectiveness and autonomic correlatesJ Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry19962732192298959423
  • CusackKJonasDEFornerisCAPsychological treatments for adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysisClin Psychol Rev20164312814126574151
  • SilverSMBrooksAObenchainJTreatment of Vietnam War veterans with PTSD: a comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, biofeedback, and relaxation trainingJ Trauma Stress1995823373427627447
  • Van EedenFA study of dreamsPSPR191326431461
  • HarbGCGreeneJLDentKMRossRJ1077 Lucid dreaming in veterans with PTSD: non-nightmare dreams and nightmaresSleep201740suppl_1A401
  • DudaiYThe neurobiology of consolidations, or, how stable is the engram?Annu Rev Psychol2004551518614744210
  • DębiecJBushDELedouxJENoradrenergic enhancement of reconsolidation in the amygdala impairs extinction of conditioned fear in rats – a possible mechanism for the persistence of traumatic memories in PTSDDepress Anxiety201128318619321394851
  • GazariniLSternCACarobrezAPBertoglioLJEnhanced noradrenergic activity potentiates fear memory consolidation and reconsolidation by differentially recruiting α1- and β-adrenergic receptorsLearn Mem201320421021923512937
  • RaskindMADobieDJKanterEDPetrieECThompsonCEPeskindERThe alpha1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin ameliorates combat trauma nightmares in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a report of 4 casesJ Clin Psychiatry200061212913410732660
  • RaskindMAThompsonCPetrieECPrazosin reduces nightmares in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorderJ Clin Psychiatry200263756556812143911
  • TaylorFRaskindMAThe alpha1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin improves sleep and nightmares in civilian trauma posttraumatic stress disorderJ Clin Psychopharmacol2002221828511799347
  • RaskindMAPetersonKWilliamsTA trial of prazosin for combat trauma PTSD with nightmares in active-duty soldiers returned from Iraq and AfghanistanAm J Psychiatry201317091003101023846759
  • GermainARichardsonRMoulDEPlacebo-controlled comparison of prazosin and cognitive-behavioral treatments for sleep disturbances in US Military VeteransJ Psychosom Res2012722899622281448
  • KhachatryanDGrollDBooijLSepehryAASchützCGPrazosin for treating sleep disturbances in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsGen Hosp Psychiatry201639465226644317
  • RaskindMAPeskindERChowBTrial of prazosin for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veteransN Engl J Med2018378650751729414272
  • KoolaMMVargheseSPFawcettJAHigh-dose prazosin for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorderTher Adv Psychopharmacol201441434724490030
  • MorgenthalerTIAuerbachSCaseyKRPosition paper for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine position paperJ Clin Sleep Med20181461041105529852917
  • Nirmalani-GandhyASanchezDCatalanoGTerazosin for the treatment of trauma-related nightmares: a report of 4 casesClin Neuropharmacol201538310911125970279
  • SalviatiMPallagrosiMValerianiGCarloneCTodiniLBiondiMOn the role of noradrenergic system in PTSD and related sleep disturbances. The use of terazosin in PTSD related nightmares: a case reportClin Ter2013164213313723698207
  • DetweilerMPagadalaBCandelarioJBoyleJDetweilerJLutgensBTreatment of post-traumatic stress disorder nightmares at a veterans affairs medical centerJ Clin Med2016512117
  • SethiRVasudevaSDoxazosin for the treatment of nightmares: does it really work? A case reportPrim Care Companion CNS Disord2012145
  • RoepkeSDanker-HopfeHRepantisDDoxazosin, an alpha-1-adrenergic-receptor antagonist, for nightmares in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and/or borderline personality disorder: a chart reviewPharmacopsychiatry2017501263127276365
  • AlaoASelvarajahJRaziSThe use of clonidine in the treatment of nightmares among patients with co-morbid PTSD and traumatic brain injuryInt J Psychiatry Med201244216516923413663
  • KinzieJDLeungPClonidine in Cambodian patients with posttraumatic stress disorderJ Nerv Ment Dis198917795465502769247
  • BoehnleinJKKinzieJDSekiyaURileyCPouKRosboroughBA ten-year treatment outcome study of traumatized cambodian refugeesJ Nerv Ment Dis20041921065866315457108
  • WendellKMaxwellMEvaluation of clonidine and prazosin for the treatment of nightime post traumatic stres disorder symptomsFed Pract2015814
  • GrahamRLLeckbandSEndow-EyerRPTSD nightmares: prazosin and atypical antipsychoticsCurr Psychiatr2012115962
  • SchotteAJanssenPFGommerenWRisperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor bindingPsychopharmacology19961241–257738935801
  • RichelsonEReceptor pharmacology of neuroleptics: relation to clinical effectsJ Clin Psychiatry199960Suppl 10514
  • DavidDDe FariaLMellmanTAAdjunctive risperidone treatment and sleep symptoms in combat veterans with chronic PTSDDepress Anxiety200623848949116845653
  • StanovicJKJamesKAVandevereCAThe effectiveness of risperidone on acute stress symptoms in adult burn patients: a preliminary retrospective pilot studyJ Burn Care Rehabil200122321021311403242
  • KhachiyantsNAliRKovesdyCPDetweilerJGKimKYDetweilerMBEffectiveness of risperidone for the treatment of nightmares in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorderJ Clin Psychopharmacol201030673573721057238
  • JakovljevićMSagudMMihaljević-PelesAOlanzapine in the treatment-resistant, combat-related PTSD--a series of case reportsActa Psychiatr Scand2003107539439612752037
  • SteinMBKlineNAMatloffJLAdjunctive olanzapine for SSRI-resistant combat-related PTSD: a double-blind, placebo-controlled studyAm J Psychiatry2002159101777177912359687
  • ButterfieldMIBeckerMEConnorKMSutherlandSChurchillLEDavidsonJRTOlanzapine in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a pilot studyInt Clin Psychopharmacol200116419720311459333
  • DengCWeston-GreenKHuangXFThe role of histaminergic H1 and H3 receptors in food intake: a mechanism for atypical antipsychotic-induced weight gain?Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry20103411419922755
  • Weston-GreenKHuangXFDengCAlterations to melanocortinergic, GABAergic and cannabinoid neurotransmission associated with olanzapine-induced weight gainPLoS One201273e3354822438946
  • RobertSHamnerMBKoseSUlmerHGDeitschSELorberbaumJPQuetiapine improves sleep disturbances in combat veterans with PTSD: sleep data from a prospective, open-label studyJ Clin Psychopharmacol200525438738816012285
  • BritnellSRJacksonADBrownJNCapehartBPAripiprazole for post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic reviewClin Neuropharmacol201740627327829059134
  • LambertMTAripiprazole in the management of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in returning Global War on Terrorism veteransInt Clin Psychopharmacol200621318518716528142
  • DillardMLBendfeldtFJerniganPUse of thioridazine in post-traumatic stress disorderSouth Med J19938611127612788235786
  • De BoerMOp den VeldeWFalgerPJHovensJEde GroenJHvan DuijnHFluvoxamine treatment for chronic PTSD: a pilot studyPsychother Psychosom19925741581631410191
  • NeylanTCMetzlerTJSchoenfeldFBFluvoxamine and sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorderJ Trauma Stress200114346146711534878
  • LepkifkerEDannonPNIancuIZivRKotlerMNightmares related to fluoxetine treatmentClin Neuropharmacol199518190948665541
  • AroraGSandhuGFleserCCitalopram and nightmaresJ Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci2012242E43
  • LewisJDMirtazapine for PTSD nightmaresAm J Psychiatry20021591119481949
  • MathewsMBasilBEvcimenHAdetunjiBJosephSMirtazapine-induced nightmaresPrim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry200685311
  • MenonVMadhavapuriPLow-Dose mirtazapine-induced nightmares necessitating its discontinuation in a young adult femaleJ Pharmacol Pharmacother20178418218429472752
  • RottachKGSchanerBMKirchMHRestless legs syndrome as side effect of second generation antidepressantsJ Psychiatr Res2008431707518468624
  • NeylanTCLenociMMaglioneMLThe effect of nefazodone on subjective and objective sleep quality in posttraumatic stress disorderJ Clin Psychiatry200364444545012716248
  • DavidsonJRWeislerRHMalikMLConnorKMTreatment of post-traumatic stress disorder with nefazodoneInt Clin Psychopharmacol19981331111149690977
  • BoehnleinJKKinzieJDBenRFleckJOne-year follow-up study of posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of Cambodian concentration campsAm J Psychiatry198514289569594025594
  • WarnerMDDornMRPeabodyCASurvey on the usefulness of trazodone in patients with PTSD with insomnia or nightmaresPharmacopsychiatry200134412813111518472
  • HarschHHCyproheptadine for recurrent nightmaresAm J Psychiatry198614311149114923777259
  • BrophyMHCyproheptadine for combat nightmares in post-traumatic stress disorder and dream anxiety disorderMil Med199115621001011900585
  • GuptaSPopliABathurstEHennigLDroneyTKellerPEfficacy of cyproheptadine for nightmares associated with posttraumatic stress disorderCompr Psychiatry19983931601649606583
  • ClarkRDCaniveJMCalaisLAQuallsCBruggerRDVosburghTBCyproheptadine treatment of nightmares associated with posttraumatic stress disorderJ Clin Psychopharmacol199919548648710505600
  • AbramsTELundBCBernardyNCFriedmanMJAligning clinical practice to PTSD treatment guidelines: medication prescribing by provider typePsychiatr Serv201364214214823474508
  • GreenbaumMANeylanTCRosenCSSymptom presentation and prescription of sleep medications for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorderJ Nerv Ment Dis201720521118
  • GuinaJRossetterSRDerhodesBJNahhasRWWeltonRSBenzodiazepines for PTSD: a systematic review and meta-analysisJ Psychiatr Pract201521428130326164054
  • BraunPGreenbergDDasbergHLererBCore symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder unimproved by alprazolam treatmentJ Clin Psychiatry19905162362382189869
  • CatesMEBishopMHDavisLLLoweJSWoolleyTWClonazepam for treatment of sleep disturbances associated with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorderAnn Pharmacother20043891395139915252193
  • AbramowitzEGBarakYBen-AviIKnoblerHYHypnotherapy in the treatment of chronic combat-related PTSD patients suffering from insomnia: a randomized, zolpidem-controlled clinical trialInt J Clin Exp Hypn200856327028018569138
  • PassieTEmrichHMKarstMBrandtSDHalpernJHMitigation of post-traumatic stress symptoms by Cannabis resin: a review of the clinical and neurobiological evidenceDrug Test Anal201247–864965922736575
  • GreerGRGrobCSHalberstadtALPTSD symptom reports of patients evaluated for the New Mexico Medical Cannabis ProgramJ Psychoactive Drugs2014461737724830188
  • ZuardiAWCannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of actionRev Bras Psiquiatr200830327128018833429
  • FraserGAThe use of a synthetic cannabinoid in the management of treatment-resistant nightmares in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)CNS Neurosci Ther2009151848819228182
  • JetlyRHeberAFraserGBoisvertDThe efficacy of nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, in the treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares: a preliminary randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design studyPsychoneuroendocrinology20155158558825467221
  • JinwalaFNGuptaMSynthetic cannabis and respiratory depressionJ Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol201222645946223234589
  • SweeneyBTalebiSToroDHyperthermia and severe rhabdomyolysis from synthetic cannabinoidsAm J Emerg Med2016341121.e1121.e2
  • TakematsuMHoffmanRSNelsonLSSchechterJMMoranJHWienerSWA case of acute cerebral ischemia following inhalation of a synthetic cannabinoidClin Toxicol2014529973975
  • LapointJJamesLPMoranCLNelsonLSHoffmanRSMoranJHSevere toxicity following synthetic cannabinoid ingestionClin Toxicol2011498760764
  • MacFarlaneVChristieGSynthetic cannabinoid withdrawal: a new demand on detoxification servicesDrug Alcohol Rev201534214715325588420
  • RodgmanCJVerricoCDWorthyRBLewisEEInpatient detoxification from a synthetic cannabinoid and control of postdetoxification cravings with naltrexonePrim Care Companion CNS Disord2014164
  • DegenhardtLHallWIs cannabis use a contributory cause of psychosis?Can J Psychiatry200651955656517007222