Firefighters Have Cerebral Blood Flow Reductions in the Orbitofrontal and Insular Cortices That are Associated with Poor Sleep Quality

References

• Vargas de Barros V, Martins LF, Saitz R, Bastos RR, Ronzani TM. Mental health conditions, individual and job characteristics and sleep disturbances among firefighters. J Health Psychol. 2013;18(3):350–358. doi:10.1177/1359105312443402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hom MA, Stanley IH, Rogers ML, Tzoneva M, Bernert RA, Joiner TE. The Association between Sleep Disturbances and Depression among Firefighters: emotion Dysregulation as an Explanatory Factor. J Clin Sleep Med. 2016;12(2):235–245. doi:10.5664/jcsm.5492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nybo L, Nielsen B. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity is reduced with hyperthermia during prolonged exercise in humans. J Physiol. 2001;534(Pt 1):279–286. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00279.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson TE, Cui J, Zhang R, Crandall CG. Heat stress reduces cerebral blood velocity and markedly impairs orthostatic tolerance in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2006;291(5):R1443–1448. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00712.2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma J, Hong G, Ha E, et al. Hippocampal cerebral blood flow increased following low-pressure hyperbaric oxygenation in firefighters with mild traumatic brain injury and emotional distress. Neurol Sci. Epub 2021 Feb 2. doi:10.1007/s10072-021-05094-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baril AA, Gagnon K, Arbour C, et al. Regional Cerebral Blood Flow during Wakeful Rest in Older Subjects with Mild to Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sleep. 2015;38(9):1439–1449. doi:10.5665/sleep.4986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen HL, Lin HC, Lu CH, et al. Systemic inflammation and alterations to cerebral blood flow in obstructive sleep apnea. J Sleep Res. 2017;26(6):789–798. doi:10.1111/jsr.12553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volk S, Kaendler SH, Weber R, et al. Evaluation of the effects of total sleep deprivation on cerebral blood flow using single photon emission computerized tomography. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1992;86(6):478–483. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03301.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elvsashagen T, Mutsaerts HJ, Zak N, et al. Cerebral blood flow changes after a day of wake, sleep, and sleep deprivation. NeuroImage. 2019;186:497–509. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Detre JA, Leigh JS, Williams DS, Koretsky AP. Perfusion imaging. Magn Reson Med. 1992;23(1):37–45. doi:10.1002/mrm.1910230106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193–213. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backhaus J, Junghanns K, Broocks A, Riemann D, Hohagen F. Test-retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53(3):737–740. doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00330-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soldatos CR, Dikeos DG, Paparrigopoulos TJ. Athens Insomnia Scale: validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria. J Psychosom Res. 2000;48(6):555–560. doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00095-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soldatos CR, Dikeos DG, Paparrigopoulos TJ. The diagnostic validity of the Athens Insomnia Scale. J Psychosom Res. 2003;55(3):263–267. doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00604-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krupp LB, LaRocca NG, Muir-Nash J, Steinberg AD. The fatigue severity scale. Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Neurol. 1989;46(10):1121–1123. doi:10.1001/archneur.1989.00520460115022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991;14(6):540–545. doi:10.1093/sleep/14.6.540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johns MW. Sleep propensity varies with behaviour and the situation in which it is measured: the concept of somnificity. J Sleep Res. 2002;11(1):61–67. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2002.00274.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akerstedt T, Gillberg M. Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual. The Int J Neurosci. 1990;52(1–2):29–37. doi:10.3109/00207459008994241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chappell MA, Groves AR, Whitcher B, Woolrich MW. Variational Bayesian Inference for a Nonlinear Forward Model. IEEE T Signal Proces. 2009;57(1):223–236. doi:10.1109/TSP.2008.2005752
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chappell MA, MacIntosh BJ, Donahue MJ, Gunther M, Jezzard P, Woolrich MW. Separation of macrovascular signal in multi-inversion time arterial spin labelling MRI. Magn Reson Med. 2010;63(5):1357–1365. doi:10.1002/mrm.22320
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkinson M, Bannister P, Brady M, Smith S. Improved optimization for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images. Neuroimage. 2002;17(2):825–841. doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(02)91132-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith SM. Fast robust automated brain extraction. Hum Brain Mapp. 2002;17(3):143–155. doi:10.1002/hbm.10062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alsop DC, Detre JA, Golay X, et al. Recommended implementation of arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI for clinical applications: a consensus of the ISMRM perfusion study group and the European consortium for ASL in dementia. Magn Reson Med. 2015;73(1):102–116. doi:10.1002/mrm.25197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buxton RB, Frank LR, Wong EC, Siewert B, Warach S, Edelman RR. A general kinetic model for quantitative perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med. 1998;40(3):383–396. doi:10.1002/mrm.1910400308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haber SN, Knutson B. The reward circuit: linking primate anatomy and human imaging. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35(1):4–26. doi:10.1038/npp.2009.129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatraman V, Chuah YM, Huettel SA, Chee MW. Sleep deprivation elevates expectation of gains and attenuates response to losses following risky decisions. Sleep. 2007;30(5):603–609. doi:10.1093/sleep/30.5.603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greer SM, Goldstein AN, Walker MP. The impact of sleep deprivation on food desire in the human brain. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2259. doi:10.1038/ncomms3259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sridharan D, Levitin DJ, Menon V. A critical role for the right fronto-insular cortex in switching between central-executive and default-mode networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(34):12569–12574. doi:10.1073/pnas.0800005105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause AJ, Simon EB, Mander BA, et al. The sleep-deprived human brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017;18(7):404–418. doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokkinos V, Vulliemoz S, Koupparis AM, et al. A hemodynamic network involving the insula, the cingulate, and the basal forebrain correlates with EEG synchronization phases of sleep instability. Sleep. 2019;42(4):zsy259. doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy259
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu DA, Zhang C, Yang Y, et al. The relationship between sleep efficiency and clinical symptoms is mediated by brain function in major depressive disorder.J. Affect Disord. 2020;266:327–337. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.155
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Zhu DM, Zhang C, et al. Brain structural and functional alterations specific to low sleep efficiency in major depressive disorder. Front Neurosci. 2020;14:50. doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JE, Dager SR, Jeong HS, et al. Firefighters, posttraumatic stress disorder, and barriers to treatment: results from a nationwide total population survey. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0190630. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190630
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chee MW, Choo WC. Functional imaging of working memory after 24 hr of total sleep deprivation. J Neurosci. 2004;24(19):4560–4567. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0007-04.2004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park S, Kang I, Edden RAE, Namgung E, Kim J, Kim J. Shorter sleep duration is associated with lower GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex. Sleep Med. 2020;71:1–7. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.02.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar