Structural Model of Napping Motivation Among Chinese College Students Based on Self-Rating: Evidence from an Exploratory Factor Analysis

References

• Monk TH. The post-lunch dip in performance. Clin Sports Med. 2005;24(2):e15–e23. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2004.12.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lim J, Dinges DF. Sleep deprivation and vigilant attention. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1129(1):305–322. doi:10.1196/annals.1417.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owens DS, Macdonald I, Tucker P, et al. Diurnal variations in the mood and performance of highly practised young women living under strictly controlled conditions. Br J Psychol. 2000;91(Pt 1):41–60. doi:10.1348/000712600161664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantua J, Spencer RMC. Exploring the nap paradox: are mid-day sleep bouts a friend or foe? Sleep Med. 2017;37:88–97. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.01.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faraut B, Andrillon T, Vecchierini MF, Leger D. Napping: a public health issue. From epidemiological to laboratory studies. Sleep Med Rev. 2017;35:85–100. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ficca G, Axelsson J, Mollicone DJ, Muto V, Vitiello MV. Naps, cognition and performance. Sleep Med Rev. 2010;14(4):249–258. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.09.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Q, Ru T, Yang M, et al. Effects of afternoon nap deprivation on adult habitual nappers’ inhibition functions. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:5702646. doi:10.1155/2018/5702646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau EY, Wong ML, Lau KN, Hui FW, Tseng CH. Rapid-Eye-Movement-Sleep (REM) associated enhancement of working memory performance after a daytime nap. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0125752. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daaloul H, Souissi N, Davenne D. Effects of napping on alertness, cognitive, and physical outcomes of karate athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(2):338–345. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ru T, Chen Q, You J, Zhou G. Effects of a short midday nap on habitual nappers’ alertness, mood and mental performance across cognitive domains. J Sleep Res. 2019;28(3):e12638. doi:10.1111/jsr.12638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinges DF, Orne MT, Whitehouse WG, Orne EC. Temporal placement of a nap for alertness: contributions of circadian phase and prior wakefulness. Sleep. 1987;10(4):313–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDevitt EA, Alaynick WA, Mednick SC. The effect of nap frequency on daytime sleep architecture. Physiol Behav. 2012;107(1):40–44. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.05.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilcher JJ, Ginter DR, Sadowsky B. Sleep quality versus sleep quantity: relationships between sleep and measures of health, well-being and sleepiness in college students. J Psychosom Res. 1997;42(6):583–596. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(97)00004-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knutson K. Sleep and pain: summary of the 2015 Sleep in America Poll. Sleep Health. 2015;1(2):85. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2015.03.006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dhand R, Sohal H. Good sleep, bad sleep! The role of daytime naps in healthy adults. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2006;12(6):379–382. doi:10.1097/01.mcp.0000245703.92311.d0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilditch CJ, Centofanti SA, Dorrian J, Banks S. A 30-minute, but not a 10-minute nighttime nap is associated with sleep inertia. Sleep. 2016;39(3):675–685. doi:10.5665/sleep.5550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lan TY, Lan TH, Wen CP, Lin YH, Chuang YL. Nighttime sleep, Chinese afternoon nap, and mortality in the elderly. Sleep. 2007;30(9):1105–1110. doi:10.1093/sleep/30.9.1105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leng Y, Wainwright NW, Cappuccio FP, et al. Daytime napping and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a 13-year follow-up of a British population. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(9):1115–1124. doi:10.1093/aje/kwu036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naska A, Oikonomou E, Trichopoulou A, Psaltopoulou T, Trichopoulos D. Siesta in healthy adults and coronary mortality in the general population. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(3):296–301. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.3.296
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Milner CE, Cote KA. Benefits of napping in healthy adults: impact of nap length, time of day, age, and experience with napping. J Sleep Res. 2009;18(2):272–281. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00718.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duggan KA, McDevitt EA, Whitehurst LN, Mednick SC. To nap, perchance to DREAM: a factor analysis of college students’ self-reported reasons for napping. Behav Sleep Med. 2018;16(2):135–153. doi:10.1080/15402002.2016.1178115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milner CE, Fogel SM, Cote KA. Habitual napping moderates motor performance improvements following a short daytime nap. Biol Psychol. 2006;73(2):141–156. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.01.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macchi MM, Boulos Z, Ranney T, Simmons L, Campbell SS. Effects of an afternoon nap on nighttime alertness and performance in long-haul drivers. Accid Anal Prev. 2002;34(6):825–834. doi:10.1016/S0001-4575(01)00089-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vela-Bueno A, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Olavarrieta-Bernardino S, et al. Sleep and behavioral correlates of napping among young adults: a survey of first-year university students in Madrid, Spain. J Am Coll Health. 2008;57(2):150–158. doi:10.3200/JACH.57.2.150-158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans FJ, Cook MR, Cohen HD, Orne EC, Orne MT. Appetitive and replacement naps: EEG and behavior. Science. 1977;197(4304):687–689. doi:10.1126/science.17922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao JQ. A review of studies on napping at home and abroad. Human Ergonomics. 1999;80(4):42–47.
   Google Scholar
• Liao JQ, Xu QZ, Yuan ZY, Wu T, Li ZH. The prevalence of napping in China and analysis of its causes. Hum Ergon. 2000;83(2):16–19+70.
   Google Scholar
• Owens JF, Buysse DJ, Hall M, et al. Napping, nighttime sleep, and cardiovascular risk factors in mid-life adults. J Clin Sleep Med. 2010;6(4):330–335. doi:10.5664/jcsm.27873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley DJ, Vitiello MV, Bliwise DL, Ancoli-Israel S, Monjan AA, Walsh JK. Frequent napping is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, pain, and nocturia in older adults: findings from the National Sleep Foundation ‘2003 sleep in America’ Poll. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007;15(4):344–350. doi:10.1097/01.JGP.0000249385.50101.67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193–213. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng B, Li M, Wang KL, Lv J. Analysis of the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Pittsburgh sleep quality index among medical college students. J Peking Univ. 2016;48(3):424–428.
   Google Scholar
• Liu XC, Tang MQ, Hu L, et al. Reliability and validity study of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Chin J Psychiatry. 1996;29(2):103–107.
   Google Scholar
• Beard MT, Edwards K, Marshall D, Johnson MN. Research methodology: part II, essentials of factor analysis. ABNF J. 1995;6(4):107–112.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Al-Balhan EM, Khabbache H, Watfa A, Re TS, Zerbetto R, Bragazzi NL. Psychometric evaluation of the Arabic version of the nomophobia questionnaire: confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis - implications from a pilot study in Kuwait among university students. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2018;11:471–482. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S169918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai ML, Li AQ, Wang QP. A review on the effects of dietary protein and carbohydrates on sleep. Food Sci. 2021;166:1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Furihata R, Kaneita Y, Jike M, Ohida T, Uchiyama M. Napping and associated factors: a Japanese nationwide general population survey. Sleep Med. 2016;20:72–79. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.12.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsouna H, Boukhris O, Abdessalem R, et al. Effect of different nap opportunity durations on short-term maximal performance, attention, feelings, muscle soreness, fatigue, stress and sleep. Physiol Behav. 2019;211:112673. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112673
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garbarino S. Excessive daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea: implications for driving licenses. Sleep Breath. 2020;24(1):37–47. doi:10.1007/s11325-019-01903-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar