Development and Implementation of a Clinical Pathway to Reduce Inappropriate Admissions Among Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in a Private Health System in Brazil: An Observational Cohort Study and a Promising Tool for Efficiency Improvement

References

• Souza DK, Peixoto SV. Descriptive study on the evolution of hospitalization costs for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in Brazil, 2000-2013. Epidemiologia e Servicos De Saude. 2017;26(2):285–294. doi:10.5123/S1679-49742017000200006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(Suppl 2):S27–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandell LA. Community-acquired pneumonia: an overview. Postgrad Med. 2015;127(6):607–615. doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.1074030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(4):243–250. doi:10.1056/NEJM199701233360402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labarere J, Stone RA, Scott Obrosky D, et al. Factors associated with the hospitalization of low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia in a cluster-randomized trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(7):745–752. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00510.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• File TM Jr., Marrie TJ. Burden of community-acquired pneumonia in North American adults. Postgrad Med. 2010;122(2):130–141. doi:10.3810/pgm.2010.03.2130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blot SI, Rodriguez A, Sole-Violan J, et al. Effects of delayed oxygenation assessment on time to antibiotic delivery and mortality in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(11):2509–2514. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000287587.43801.9C
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basi SK, Marrie TJ, Huang JQ, Majumdar SR. Patients admitted to hospital with suspected pneumonia and normal chest radiographs: epidemiology, microbiology, and outcomes. Am J Med. 2004;117(5):305–311. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.03.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R, et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax. 2003;58(5):377–382. doi:10.1136/thorax.58.5.377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haynes RB, Sackett DL, Gray JM, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH. Transferring evidence from research into practice: 1. The role of clinical care research evidence in clinical decisions. ACP J Club. 1996;125(3):A14–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guyatt GH, Rennie D. Users’ guides to the medical literature. JAMA. 1993;270(17):2096–2097. doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03510170086037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hersh WR, Crabtree MK, Hickam DH, et al. Factors associated with success in searching MEDLINE and applying evidence to answer clinical questions. J Am Med Inf Assoc. 2002;9(3):283–293. doi:10.1197/jamia.M0996
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guyatt G, Gutterman D, Baumann MH, et al. Grading strength of recommendations and quality of evidence in clinical guidelines: report from an american college of chest physicians task force. Chest. 2006;129(1):174–181. doi:10.1378/chest.129.1.174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalmers JD, Pletz MW, Aliberti S. Community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir Monographs. 2014;298.
   Google Scholar
• RA LF C, Pereira-Silva JL. Diretrizes brasileiras para pneumonia adquirida na comunidade em adultos imunocompetentes. J Bras Pneumol. 2009;35(6):574–601. doi:10.1590/S1806-37132009000600011
   Google Scholar
• Grimshaw J, Eccles M, Tetroe J. Implementing clinical guidelines: current evidence and future implications. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2004;24(Suppl 1):S31–37. doi:10.1002/chp.1340240506
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calcagno V. CM. glmulti: an R package for easy automated model selection with (Generalized) linear models. J Stat Softw. 2010;34(12):29. doi:10.18637/jss.v034.i12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fluss R, Faraggi D, Reiser B. Estimation of the Youden Index and its associated cutoff point. Biom J. 2005;47(4):458–472. doi:10.1002/bimj.200410135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee RW, Lindstrom ST. A teaching hospital’s experience applying the Pneumonia Severity Index and antibiotic guidelines in the management of community-acquired pneumonia. Respirology. 2007;12(5):754–758. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2007.01121.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, et al. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Thorax. 2009;64(Suppl 3):iii1–55. doi:10.1136/thx.2009.121434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cupurdija V, Lazic Z, Petrovic M, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia: economics of inpatient medical care vis-a-vis clinical severity. Jornal Brasileiro De Pneumologia. 2015;41(1):48–57. doi:10.1590/S1806-37132015000100007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaeuer SR, Bally K, Tschudi P, Martina B, Zeller A. Acute cough illness in general practice - predictive value of clinical judgement and accuracy of requesting chest x-rays. Praxis. 2013;102(21):1287–1292. doi:10.1024/1661-8157/a001437
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Vugt SF, Verheij TJ, de Jong PA, et al. Diagnosing pneumonia in patients with acute cough: clinical judgment compared to chest radiography. Eur Respir J. 2013;42(4):1076–1082. doi:10.1183/09031936.00111012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilg A, Moskowitz A, Konanki V, et al. Performance of the CURB-65 score in predicting critical care interventions in patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Emerg Med. 2018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar