Predictive Performance of the NEWS‒Lactate and NEWS Towards Mortality or Need for Critical Care Among Patients with Suspicion of Sepsis in the Emergency Department: A Prospective Observational Study

References

• Fleischmann C, Scherag A, Adhikari NK, et al. Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis current estimates and limitations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;193:259–272. doi:10.1164/rccm.201504-0781OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paoli CJ, Reynolds MA, Sinha M, Gitlin M, Crouser E. Epidemiology and costs of sepsis in the United States-an analysis based on timing of diagnosis and severity level. Crit Care Med. 2018;46:1889–1897. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000003342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khwannimit B, Bhurayanontachai R. The direct costs of intensive care management and risk factors for financial burden of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. J Crit Care. 2015;30:929–934. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.05.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315:801–810. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worapratya P, Wuthisuthimethawee P. Septic shock in the ER diagnostic and management challenges. Open Access Emerg Med. 2019;11:77–86. doi:10.2147/OAEM.S166086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith GB, Prytherch DR, Schmidt PE, Featherstone PI. Review and performance evaluation of aggregate weighted ‘track and trigger’ systems. Resuscitation. 2008;77:170–179. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royal College of Physicians. National Early Warning Score. NEWS: Standardising the Assessment of Acute-Illness Severity in the NHS: Royal College of Physicians. London: Royal College of Physicians; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health. National Early Warning Score, national clinical guideline no. 1; 2013 [ cited March 27, 2021]. Available from: http://health.gov.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/NEWSFull-ReportAugust2014.pdf. Accessed November 15, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Keep JW, Messmer AS, Sladden R, et al. National early warning score at Emergency Department triage may allow earlier identification of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective observational study. Emerg Med J. 2016;33:37–41. doi:10.1136/emermed-2014-204465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Churpek MM, Snyder A, Han X, et al. Quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and early warning scores for detecting clinical deterioration in infected patients outside the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195:906–911. doi:10.1164/rccm.201604-0854OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limapichat T, Pattanapong K. Normal saline solution or lactated ringer’s solution to enhance lactate clearance in septic patients after initial resuscitation in the ED: a retrospective cohort trial. Open Access Emerg Med. 2021;13:511–519. doi:10.2147/OAEM.S340691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uffen JW, Oosterheert JJ, Schweitzer VA, Thursky K, Kaasjager HAH, Ekkelenkamp MB. Interventions for rapid recognition and treatment of sepsis in the emergency department: a narrative review. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(2):192–203. PMID: 32120030. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.02.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casserly B, Phillips GS, Schorr C, et al. Lactate measurements in sepsis-induced tissue hypoperfusion: results from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign database. Crit Care Med. 2015;43:567–573. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000000742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy B. Lactate and shock state: the metabolic view. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2006;12:315–321. doi:10.1097/01.ccx.0000235208.77450.15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Tienhoven AJ, van Beers CAJ, Siegert CEH. Agreement between arterial and peripheral venous lactate levels in the ED: a systematic review. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37:746–750. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2019.01.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Crit Care Med. 2021;49(11):e1063–e1143. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent JL, Quintairos E, Silva A, Couto L, Taccone FS. The value of blood lactate kinetics in critically ill patients: a systematic review. Crit Care. 2016;20:257. doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1403-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jo S, Lee JB, Jin YH, et al. Modified early warning score with rapid lactate level in critically ill medical patients: the ViEWS-L score. Emerg Med J. 2013;30:123–129. doi:10.1136/emermed-2011-200760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jo S, Yoon J, Lee JB, Jin Y, Jeong T, Park B. Predictive value of the National Early Warning Score-Lactate for mortality and the need for critical care among general emergency department patients. J Crit Care. 2016;36:60–68. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.06.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngamjarus C, Chongsuvivatwong V n4Studies: sample size and power calculations for iOS. The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program. Songkla: The Thailand Research Fund & Prince of Songkla University; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Hanley JA, McNeil BJ. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology. 1982;143:29–36. doi:10.1148/radiology.143.1.7063747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith GB, Prytherch DR, Meredith P, Schmidt PE, Featherstone PI. The ability of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) to discriminate patients at risk of early cardiac arrest, unanticipated intensive care unit admission, and death. Resuscitation. 2013;84:465–470. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.12.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brink A, Alsma J, Verdonschot RJCG, et al. Predicting mortality in patients with suspected sepsis at the emergency department; A retrospective cohort study comparing qSOFA, SIRS and National Early Warning Score. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0211133. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckart A, Hauser SI, Kutz A, et al. Combination of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and inflammatory biomarkers for early risk stratification in emergency department patients: results of a multinational, observational study. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e024636. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CT, Snyder AM, Edelson DP, Churpek MM. The prognostic value of lactate and comparison to other scoring systems in septic patients outside the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195:A2780.
   Google Scholar
• Leung L, Hung KK, Lo RS, Yeung C, Chan S, Graham CA. Prognostic value of qSOFA, SIRS and News in the emergency department for predicting 7-day mortality: a prospective study. Ann Emerg Med. 2018;72:S3. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickel CH, Kellett J, Cooksley T, Bingisser R, Henriksen DP, Brabrand M. Combined use of the National Early Warning Score and D-dimer levels to predict 30-day and 365-day mortality in medical patients. Resuscitation. 2016;106:49–52. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.06.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen LJH, Ladelund S, Haupt TH, Ellekilde GE, Eugen-Olsen J, Andersen O. Combining national early warning score with soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) improves risk prediction in acute medical patients: a registry-based cohort study. Crit Care Med. 2018;46:1961–1968. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000003441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnerson KJ, Bassin BS, Havey RA, et al. Association of an emergency department–based intensive care unit with survival and inpatient intensive care unit admissions. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2:e197584. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson M, Waldrop RD, Jones J, Randall Z. Critical care provided in an urban emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 1998;16:56–59. doi:10.1016/S0735-6757(98)90066-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam N, Vegting IL, Houben E, et al. Exploring the performance of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in a European emergency department. Resuscitation. 2015;90:111–115. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.02.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YS, Choi JW, Park YH, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of the National Early Warning Score in predicting in-hospital mortality via the risk stratification. J Crit Care. 2018;47:222–226. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.07.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almutary A, Althunayyan S, Alenazi K, et al. National early warning score (NEWS) as prognostic triage tool for septic patients. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;13:3843–3851. doi:10.2147/IDR.S275390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park YJ, Kim DH, Kim SC, et al. Serum lactate upon emergency department arrival as a predictor of 30-day in-hospital mortality in an unselected population. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0190519. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang BJ, Koh Y, Lim CM, et al. Failure of high-flow nasal cannula therapy may delay intubation and increase mortality. Intensive Care Med. 2015;41:623–632. doi:10.1007/s00134-015-3693-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moretti M, Cilione C, Tampieri A, Fracchia C, Marchioni A, Nava S. Incidence and causes of non-invasive mechanical ventilation failure after initial success. Thorax. 2000;55:819–825. doi:10.1136/thorax.55.10.819
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agustin M, Price LL, Andoh-Duku A, LaCamera P. Impact of delayed admission to the intensive care unit from the emergency department upon sepsis outcomes and sepsis protocol compliance. Crit Care Res Pract. 2017;2017:9616545. doi:10.1155/2017/9616545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Bokhari F, Guo Y, Goyal H. Prolonged length of stay in the emergency department and increased risk of hospital mortality in patients with sepsis requiring ICU admission. Emerg Med J. 2019;36:82–87. doi:10.1136/emermed-2018-208032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar