Central European triathletes dominate Double Iron ultratriathlon – analysis of participation and performance 1985–2011

References

• LepersRAnalysis of Hawaii Ironman performances in elite triathletes from 1981 to 2007Med Sci Sports Exerc200840101828183418799994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LepersRMaffiulettiNAAge and gender interactions in ultraendurance performance: insight from the triathlonMed Sci Sports Exerc201143113413921169751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KnechtleBKnechtlePLepersRParticipation and performance trends in ultra-triathlons from 1985 to 2009Scand J Med Sci Sports2011216e82e9020626703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LepersRKnechtleBKnechtlePRosemannTAnalysis of ultratriathlon performancesOpen Access J Sports Med20112131136
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LenherrRKnechtleBRüstCARosemannTLepersRFrom Double Iron to Double Deca Iron ultra-triathlon – a retrospective data analysis from 1985 to 2011Phys Cult Sport Stud Res2012545567
   Google Scholar
• RüstCAKnechtleBKnechtlePLepersRRosemannTOnyweraVEuropean athletes dominate performance in Double Iron ultra-triathlons – A retrospective data analysis from 1985 to 2010Eur J Sport Sci201210.1080/17461391.2011.641033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OnyweraVOEast African runners: their genetics, lifestyle and athletic prowessMed Sport Sci20095410210919696510
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OnyweraVOScottRABoitMKPitsiladisYPDemographic characteristics of elite Kenyan endurance runnersJ Sports Sci200624441542216492605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ScottRAGeorgiadesEWilsonRHGoodwinWHWoldeBPitsiladisYPDemographic characteristics of elite Ethiopian endurance runnersMed Sci Sports Exerc200335101727173214523311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LuciaAEsteve-LanaoJOlivanJPhysiological characteristics of the best Eritrean runners-exceptional running economyAppl Physiol Nutr Metab200631553054017111007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TrewinCBHopkinsWGPyneDBRelationship between world-ranking and Olympic performance of swimmersJ Sports Sci200422433934515161107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JefferySKnechtleBRüstCAKnechtlePRosemannTLepersREuropean dominance in Triple Iron ultra-triathlons from 1988 to 2011J Sci Cycling2012113038
   Google Scholar
• HoffmanMDOngJCWangGHistorical analysis of participation in 161 km ultramarathons in North AmericaInt J Hist Sport201027111877189120684085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HoffmanMDWegelinJAThe Western States 100-Mile Endurance Run: participation and performance trendsMed Sci Sports Exerc200941122191219819915499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TrapassoLMCooperJDRecord performances at the Boston Marathon: biometeorological factorsInt J Biometeorol19893342332372613367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CheuvrontSNHaymesEMThermoregulation and marathon running: biological and environmental influencesSports Med2001311074376211547895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’ConnorLMVozenilekJAIs it the athlete or the equipment? An analysis of the top swim performances from 1990 to 2010J Strength Cond Res200125123239324121964430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HoffmanMDAnthropometric characteristics of ultramarathonersInt J Sports Med2008291080881118401807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=earn_nt_net&lang=deaccessed April 24, 2012
   Google Scholar
• Annual net earingshttp://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=earn_nt_net&lang=deAccessed April 24, 2012
   Google Scholar
• http://www.eurometeo.com/english/climateaccessed April 24, 2012
   Google Scholar
• RüstCAKnechtleBKnechtlePRosemannTLepersRThe aspect of nationality in participation and performance at the Powerman Duathlon World Championship – the “Powerman Zofingen” from 2002 to 2011J Sci Cyclinghttp://www.jsc-journal.com/ojs/index.php?journal=JSC&page=article&op=view&path[]=13
   Google Scholar
• JurgensDKnechtleBRüstCAKnechtlePRosemannTLepersRAn analysis of participation and performance by nationality at Ironman Switzerland from 1995 to 2011J Sci Cyclinghttp://www.jsc-journal.com/ojs/index.php?journal=JSC&page=article&op=view&path[]=11
   Google Scholar
• EichenbergerEKnechtleBKnechtlePRüstCARosemannTLepersRBest performances by men and women open-water swimmers during the “English Channel Swim” from 1900 to 2010J Sports Sci201230121295130122830602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RüstCAKnechtleBKnechtlePRosemannTLepersRParticipation and performance in Triple Iron ultra-triathlon – a cross-sectional and longitudinal data analysisAsian J Sports Med20123314515123012633
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KrouseRZRansdellLBLucasSMPritchardMEMotivation, goal orientation, coaching, and training habits of women ultrarunnersJ Strength Cond Res201125102835284221946910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HodgeKAllenJBSmellieLMotivation in Masters sport: achievement and social goalsPsychol Sport Exerc200892157176
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HoffmanMDFogardKDemographic characteristics of 161-km ultramarathon runnersRes Sports Med2012201596922242737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KnechtleBKnechtlePRüstCARosemannTA comparison of anthropometric and training characteristics of Ironman triathletes and Triple Iron ultra-triathletesJ Sports Sci201129131373138021834654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KnechtleBKnechtlePRosemannTSennOPersonal best time, not anthropometry or training volume, is associated with total race time in a Triple Iron triathlonJ Strength Cond Res20112541142115020651605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KnechtleBChristingerNKohlerGKnechtlePRosemannTSwimming in ice cold waterIr J Med Sci2009178450751119763672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaursenPBRhodesECFactors affecting performance in an ultraendurance triathlonSports Med200131319520911286356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ScrimgeourAGNoakesTDAdamsBMyburghKThe influence of weekly training distance on fractional utilization of maximum aerobic capacity in marathon and ultramarathon runnersEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol19865522022093699009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PariseCAHoffmanMDInfluence of temperature and performance level on pacing a 161 km trail ultramarathonInt J Sports Physiol Perform20116224325121725109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MontainSJElyMRCheuvrontSNMarathon performance in thermally stressing conditionsSports Med2007374–532032317465598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Ultratriathlon Association Available at http://www.iutasport.com/?page=races
   Google Scholar