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Clinical Ophthalmology Volume 5, 2011 - Issue
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Original Research

Double motion of upper eyelids in Graves’ orbitopathy: an additional sign for detection of thyroid dysfunction or positive thyroid autoantibodies

Hirohiko Kakizaki1 Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, JapanCorrespondence[email protected]
,
Yasuhiro Takahashi1 Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
,
Masayoshi Iwaki1 Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
,
Akihiro Ichinose2 Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe University, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
,
Dinesh Selva3 South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology and Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
&
Igal Leibovitch4 Division of Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Pages 327-330 | Published online: 03 Mar 2011

References

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  • BahnRSHeufelderAEPathogenesis of Graves’ ophthalmopathyN Engl J Med1993329146814758413459
  • PerrosPDickinsonAJKendall-TaylorPClinical presentation and natural history of Graves’ ophthalmopathyBahnRSThyroid Eye DiseaseBoston, MAKluwer Academic Publisher2001119136
  • DeSantoLWThe total rehabilitation of Graves’ ophthalmopahtyLaryngoscope198090165216786893477
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  • KimGDaviesTFHypothyroidismBesserGMThornerMOComprehensive Clinical Endocrinology3rd editionLondon, UKMosby2002139150
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  • GayAJWolksteinMATopical guanethidine therapy for endocrine lid retractionArch Ophthalmol1966763643675952755
  • OhnoMHamadaNYamakawaJMyasthenia Gravis associated with Graves’ disease in JapanJpn J Med198726263573405
  • BartleyGBFatourechiVKadrmasEFClinical features of Graves’ ophthalmopathy in an incidence cohortAm J Ophthalmol19961212842898597271
  • KendlerDLLippaJRootmanJThe initial clinical characteristics of Graves’ orbitpathy vary with age and sexArch Ophthalmol19931111972018431156
  • OsanaiHOhtsukaKNakamuraYClinical Features of Graves’ ophthalmopathy [Japanese]J Eye19981510431047

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