Rapid and Sustained Eyelid Elevation in Acquired Blepharoptosis with Oxymetazoline 0.1%: Randomized Phase 3 Trial Results

References

• Fausett BV, Nerad JA. Upper eyelid ptosis and retraction. In: Fay A, Dolman PJ, editors. Diseases and Disorders of the Orbit and Ocular Adnexa: Expert Consult. 1st ed. St Louis: Elsevier; 2016:525–539.
   Google Scholar
• Forman WM, Leatherbarrow B, Sridharan GV, Tallis RC. A community survey of ptosis of the eyelid and pupil size of elderly people. Age Ageing. 1995;24:21–24. doi:10.1093/ageing/24.1.21
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Emamian MH, et al. The prevalence of ptosis in an Iranian adult population. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2016;28:142–145. doi:10.1016/j.joco.2016.04.005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim MH, Cho J, Zhao D, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of blepharoptosis in Korean adult population: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Eye. 2017;31:940–946. doi:10.1038/eye.2017.43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim JM, Hou JH, Singa RM, Aakalu VK, Setabutr P. Relative incidence of blepharoptosis subtypes in an oculoplastics practice at a tertiary care center. Orbit. 2013;32:231–234. doi:10.3109/01676830.2013.788673
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Finsterer J. Ptosis: causes, presentation, and management. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2003;27:193–204. doi:10.1007/s00266-003-0127-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latting MW, Huggins AB, Marx DP, Giacometti JN. Clinical evaluation of blepharoptosis: distinguishing age-related ptosis from masquerade conditions. Semin Plast Surg. 2017;31:5–16. doi:10.1055/s-0037-1598188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudhakar P, Vu Q, Kosoko-Lasaki O, Palmer M. Upper eyelid ptosis revisited. Am J Clin Med. 2009;6:5–14.
   Google Scholar
• Alniemi ST, Pang NK, Woog JJ, Bradley EA. Comparison of automated and manual perimetry in patients with blepharoptosis. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;29:361–363. doi:10.1097/IOP.0b013e31829a7288
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahill KV, Burns JA, Weber PA. The effect of blepharoptosis on the field of vision. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987;3:121–125. doi:10.1097/00002341-198703030-00001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKean-Cowdin R, Varma R, Wu J, Hays RD, Azen SP; Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group. Severity of visual field loss and health-related quality of life. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143:1013–1023. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2007.02.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer DR, Stern JH, Jarvis JM, Lininger LL. Evaluating the visual field effects of blepharoptosis using automated static perimetry. Ophthalmology. 1993;100:651–658. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(93)31593-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards HS, Jenkinson E, Rumsey N, et al. The psychological well-being and appearance concerns of patients presenting with ptosis. Eye (Lond). 2014;28:296–302. doi:10.1038/eye.2013.264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahill KV, Bradley EA, Meyer DR, et al. Functional indications for upper eyelid ptosis and blepharoplasty surgery: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:2510–2517. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.09.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou E, Liu J, Seaworth C, et al. Comparison of revision rates on anterior- and posterior-approach ptosis surgery: a retrospective review of 1519 cases. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;34:246–253. doi:10.1097/IOP.0000000000000938
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haenisch B, Walstab J, Herberhold S, et al. Alpha-adrenoceptor agonistic activity of oxymetazoline and xylometazoline. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2010;24:729–739. doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00805.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afrin® original oxymetazoline decongestant nasal spray [package insert]. Whippany, NJ: Bayer Healthcare LLC; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Druce HM, Ramsey DL, Karnati S, Carr AN. Topical nasal decongestant oxymetazoline (0.05%) provides relief of nasal symptoms for 12 hours. Rhinology. 2018;56:343–350. doi:10.4193/Rhin17.150
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duzman E, Anderson J, Vita JB, Lue JC, Chen CC, Leopold IH. Topically applied oxymetazoline. Ocular vasoconstrictive activity, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism. Arch Ophthalmol. 1983;101:1122–1126. doi:10.1001/archopht.1983.01040020124022
   Google Scholar
• Visine L.R. (oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.025%) [package insert]. New Brunswick, NJ: Johnson & Johnson Healthcare Products, Inc; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Beard C. Müller's superior tarsal muscle: anatomy, physiology, and clinical significance. Ann Plast Surg. 1985;14:324–333. doi:10.1097/00000637-198504000-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmaeli-Gutstein B, Hewlett BR, Pashby RC, Oestreicher J, Harvey JT. Distribution of adrenergic receptor subtypes in the retractor muscles of the upper eyelid. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;15:92–99. doi:10.1097/00002341-199903000-00005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauck MJ, Steele EA, Perry CB. Predictability of the phenylephrine test with regard to eyelid skin appearance in patients who undergo Muller muscle-conjunctival resection without blepharoplasty. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;36:191–193. doi:10.1097/IOP.0000000000001510
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slonim CB, Foster S, Jaros M, et al. Association of oxymetazoline hydrochloride, 0.1%, solution administration with visual field in acquired ptosis: a pooled analysis of 2 randomized clinical trials. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138:1168–1175. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.3812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putterman AM, Urist MJ. Müller muscle-conjunctiva resection. Technique for treatment of blepharoptosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1975;93:619–623. doi:10.1001/archopht.1975.01010020595007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramey JT, Bailen E, Lockey RF. Rhinitis medicamentosa. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16:148–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaidyanathan S, Williamson P, Clearie K, Khan F, Lipworth B. Fluticasone reverses oxymetazoline-induced tachyphylaxis of response and rebound congestion. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182:19–24. doi:10.1164/rccm.200911-1701OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soparkar CN, Wilhelmus KR, Koch DD, Wallace GW, Jones DB. Acute and chronic conjunctivitis due to over-the-counter ophthalmic decongestants. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115:34–38. doi:10.1001/archopht.1997.01100150036004
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spector SL, Ralzman MB. Conjunctivitis medicamentosa. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1994;94:134–136. doi:10.1016/0091-6749(94)90081-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battu VK, Meyer DR, Wobig JL. Improvement in subjective visual function and quality of life outcome measures after blepharoptosis surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;121:677–686. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(14)70634-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar