Spotlight on atezolizumab and its potential in the treatment of advanced urothelial bladder cancer

References

• StenzlACowanNCDe SantisMThe updated EAU guidelines on muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancerEur Urol200955481582519157687
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AntoniSFerlayJSoerjomataramIZnaorAJemalABrayFBladder cancer incidence and mortality: a global overview and recent trendsEur Urol20177119610827370177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PloegMAbenKKHulsbergen-van de KaaCASchoenbergMPWitjesJAKiemeneyLAClinical epidemiology of nonurothelial bladder cancer: analysis of the Netherlands Cancer RegistryJ Urol2010183391592020083267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MostafaMHSheweitaSAO’ConnorPJRelationship between schistosomiasis and bladder cancerClin Microbiol Rev1999121971119880476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NielsenMESmithABMeyerAMTrends in stage-specific incidence rates for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in the United States: 1988 to 2006Cancer20141201869524122346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AndreassenBKAagnesBGislefossRAndreassenMWahlqvistRIncidence and survival of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in Norway 1981–2014BMC Cancer20161679927737647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AbidaWBajorinDFRosenbergJEFirst-line treatment and prognostic factors of metastatic bladder cancer for platinum-eligible patientsHematol Oncol Clin North Am2015292319328ixx25836937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SaxmanSBPropertKJEinhornLHLong-term follow-up of a phase III intergroup study of cisplatin alone or in combination with methotrexate, vinblastine, and doxorubicin in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a cooperative group studyJ Clin Oncol1997157256425699215826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von der MaaseHHansenSWRobertsJTGemcitabine and cisplatin versus methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in advanced or metastatic bladder cancer: results of a large, randomized, multinational, multicenter, phase III studyJ Clin Oncol200018173068307711001674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BellmuntJFougerayRRosenbergJELong-term survival results of a randomized phase III trial of vinflunine plus best supportive care versus best supportive care alone in advanced urothelial carcinoma patients after failure of platinum-based chemotherapyAnn Oncol20132461466147223419284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OingCRinkMOechsleKSeidelCvon AmsbergGBokemeyerCSecond line chemotherapy for advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma – vinflunine and beyond: a comprehensive review of the current literatureJ Urol2016195225426326410730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RosenbergJEHoffman-CensitsJPowlesTAtezolizumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trialLancet2016387100311909192026952546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChenDSMellmanIOncology meets immunology: the cancer-immunity cycleImmunity201339111023890059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PardollDMThe blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapyNat Rev Cancer201212425226422437870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZouWChenLInhibitory B7-family molecules in the tumour microenvironmentNat Rev Immunol20088646747718500231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZangXAllisonJPThe B7 family and cancer therapy: costimulation and coinhibitionClin Cancer Res20071318 Pt 15271527917875755
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KrummelMFAllisonJPCD28 and CTLA-4 have opposing effects on the response of T cells to stimulationJ Exp Med199518224594657543139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HodiFSO’DaySJMcDermottDFImproved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanomaN Engl J Med2010363871172320525992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BertrandAKostineMBarnetcheTTruchetetMESchaeverbekeTImmune related adverse events associated with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies: systematic review and meta-analysisBMC Med20151321126337719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OhaegbulamKCAssalALazar-MolnarEYaoYZangXHuman cancer immunotherapy with antibodies to the PD-1 and PD-L1 pathwayTrends Mol Med2015211243325440090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DongHStromeSESalomaoDRTumor-associated B7-H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis: a potential mechanism of immune evasionNat Med20028879380012091876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FliesDBChenLThe new B7s: playing a pivotal role in tumor immunityJ Immunother200730325126017414316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BergerRRotem-YehudarRSlamaGPhase I safety and pharmacokinetic study of CT-011, a humanized antibody interacting with PD-1, in patients with advanced hematologic malignanciesClin Cancer Res200814103044305118483370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PatnaikAKangSPRascoDPhase I study of pembrolizumab (MK-3475; anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody) in patients with advanced solid tumorsClin Cancer Res201521194286429325977344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WongRMScotlandRRLauRLProgrammed death-1 blockade enhances expansion and functional capacity of human melanoma antigen-specific CTLsInt Immunol200719101223123417898045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MotzerRJEscudierBMcDermottDFNivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal-cell carcinomaN Engl J Med2015373191803181326406148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BidnurSSavdieRBlackPCInhibiting immune checkpoints for the treatment of bladder cancerBladder Cancer201621152527376121
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PowlesTEderJPFineGDMPDL3280A (anti-PD-L1) treatment leads to clinical activity in metastatic bladder cancerNature2014515752855856225428503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrahmerJRTykodiSSChowLQSafety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancerN Engl J Med2012366262455246522658128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BeckAWurchTReichertJM6th Annual European Antibody Congress 2010: November 29–December 1, 2010, Geneva, SwitzerlandmAbs20113211113221441785
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BoyerinasBJochemsCFantiniMAntibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity of a novel anti-PD-L1 antibody avelumab (MSB0010718C) on human tumor cellsCancer Immunol Res20153101148115726014098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MoralesAEidingerDBruceAWIntracavitary bacillus Calmette-Guérin in the treatment of superficial bladder tumorsJ Urol19761162180183820877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DoninNMLenisATHoldenSImmunotherapy in the treatment of urothelial carcinomaJ Urol20171971142227460757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redelman-SidiGGlickmanMSBochnerBHThe mechanism of action of BCG therapy for bladder cancer: a current perspectiveNat Rev Urol201411315316224492433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• InmanBASeboTJFrigolaXPD-L1 (B7-H1) expression by urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and BCG-induced granulomata: associations with localized stage progressionCancer200710981499150517340590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancer Genome Atlas Research NetworkComprehensive molecular characterization of urothelial bladder carcinomaNature2014507749231532224476821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HerbstRSSoriaJCKowanetzMPredictive correlates of response to the anti-PD-L1 antibody MPDL3280A in cancer patientsNature2014515752856356725428504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ParkJJOmiyaRMatsumuraYB7-H1/CD80 interaction is required for the induction and maintenance of peripheral T-cell toleranceBlood201011681291129820472828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tecentriq (atezolizumab) injection for intravenous use [prescribing information]San FranciscoGenentech2016
   Google Scholar
• DengRBumbacaDPastuskovasCVPreclinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, tissue distribution, and tumor penetration of anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, an immune checkpoint inhibitormAbs20168359360326918260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EisenhauerEATherassePBogaertsJNew response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1)Eur J Cancer200945222824719097774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WolchokJDHoosAO’DaySGuidelines for the evaluation of immune therapy activity in solid tumors: immune-related response criteriaClin Cancer Res200915237412742019934295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann-La RocheA study of atezolizumab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial bladder cancer [IMvigor210] Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02108652. NLM identifier: NCT02108652Accessed December 6, 2016
   Google Scholar
• LoriotYRosenbergJEPowlesTBAtezolizumab (atezo) in platinum (plat)-treated locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC): updated OS, safety and biomarkers from the Ph II IMvigor210 studyAnn Oncol2016276266295
   Google Scholar
• BellmuntJBalarAGalskyMDIMvigor210: updated analyses of first-line (1L) atezolizumab (atezo) in cisplatin (cis)-ineligible locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC)Ann Oncol2016276266295
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann-La RocheA study of atezolizumab in participants with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial bladder cancer (cohort 1) Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02951767. NLM identifier: NCT02951767Accessed December 6, 2016
   Google Scholar
• BellmuntJChoueiriTKSchutzFARosenbergJERandomized phase III trials of second-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced bladder cancer: progress and pitfallsAnn Oncol201122224524721278220
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoffmann-La RocheA study of atezolizumab compared with chemotherapy in participants with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial bladder cancer [IMvigor211] Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02302807. NLM identifier: NCT02302807Accessed November 10, 2016
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann-La RocheThe effect of atezolizumab in combination with gemcitabine/carboplatin and gemcitabine/carboplatin alone in participants with untreated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who are ineligible for cisplatin-based therapy [IMvigor130] Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02807636. NLM identifier: NCT02807636Accessed November 10, 2016
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann-La RocheA phase III study of atezolizumab treatment versus observation as adjuvant therapy in patients with PD-L1 positive, high risk muscle invasive bladder cancer after cystectomy [IMvigor010] Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02450331. NLM identifier: NCT02450331Accessed November 10, 2016
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann-La RocheSafety and pharmacology study of atezolizumab alone and in combination with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) participants Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02792192. NLM identifier: NCT02792192Accessed November 15, 2016
   Google Scholar
• Queen Mary University of LondonPreoperative MPDL3280A in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (ABACUS) Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02662309. NLM identifier: NCT02662309Accessed November 15, 2016
   Google Scholar
• University of California San FranciscoStudy of MPDL3280A in bladder cancer Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02451423. NLM identifier: NCT02451423Accessed November 15, 2016
   Google Scholar
• National Cancer Institute (NCI)Atezolizumab in treating patients with recurrent BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02844816. NLM identifier: NCT02844816Accessed November 15, 2016
   Google Scholar
• Corvus PharmaceuticalsPhase 1/1B study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of CPI-444 alone and in combination with atezolizumab in advanced cancers Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02655822. NLM identifier: NCT02655822Accessed November 15, 2016
   Google Scholar
• Celldex TherapeuticsA study of varlilumab and atezolizumab in patients with advanced cancer Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02543645. NLM identifier: NCT02543645Accessed November 15, 2016
   Google Scholar
• GenentechA study of atezolizumab administered in combination with bevacizumab and/or with chemotherapy in participants with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01633970. NLM identifier: NCT01633970Accessed November 15, 2016
   Google Scholar
• Incyte CorporationA study of atezolizumab (MPDL3280A) in combination with epacadostat (INCB024360) in subjects with previously treated stage IIIB or stage IV non-small cell lung cancer and previously treated stage IV urothelial carcinoma (ECHO-110) Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02298153. NLM identifier: NCT02298153Accessed November 20, 2016
   Google Scholar
• BellesoeurAMassardCSoriaJCBiomarkers in cancer immunotherapy: analysis of clinical, histological and immunohistochemical factors associated with PD-L1 statusAnn Oncol201627Suppl 682P
   Google Scholar
• TaubeJMKleinABrahmerJRAssociation of PD-1, PD-1 ligands, and other features of the tumor immune microenvironment with response to anti-PD-1 therapyClin Cancer Res201420195064507424714771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GainorJFShawATSequistLVEGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements are associated with low response rates to PD-1 pathway blockade in non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysisClin Cancer Res201622184585459327225694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MadoreJVilainREMenziesAMPD-L1 expression in melanoma shows marked heterogeneity within and between patients: implications for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 clinical trialsPigment Cell Melanoma Res201528324525325477049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CalleaMAlbigesLGuptaMDifferential expression of PD-L1 between primary and metastatic sites in clear-cell renal cell carcinomaCancer Immunol Res20153101158116426014095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AnantharamanAFriedlanderTLuDProgrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in muscle invasive and metastatic bladder cancer patientsBMC Cancer20161674427658492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchehrJLSchultzZDWarrickJWHigh specificity in circulating tumor cell identification is required for accurate evaluation of programmed death-ligand 1PLoS One2016117e015939727459545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SonpavdeGPondGRMullaneSOutcomes in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma after discontinuation of programmed death (PD)-1 or PD ligand 1 inhibitor therapyBJU Int Epub2016104
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BellmuntJTheodoreCDemkovTPhase III trial of vinflunine plus best supportive care compared with best supportive care alone after a platinum-containing regimen in patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tractJ Clin Oncol200927274454446119687335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LogothetisCJDexeusFHSellaAEscalated therapy for refractory urothelial tumors: methotrexate-vinblastine-doxorubicin-cisplatin plus unglycosylated recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factorJ Natl Cancer Inst19908286676722181151
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KattanJCulineSTheodoreCDrozJPSecond-line M-VAC therapy in patients previously treated with the M-VAC regimen for metastatic urothelial cancerAnn Oncol1993497937948280662
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KimYSLeeSIParkSHA phase II study of weekly docetaxel as second-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinomaClin Genitourin Cancer2016141768126454620
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AlbersPSienerRHärtleinMGemcitabine monotherapy as second-line treatment in cisplatin-refractory transitional cell carcinoma: prognostic factors for response and improvement of quality of lifeOnkologie2002251475211893883
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WitteRSElsonPBonoBEastern Cooperative Oncology Group phase II trial of ifosfamide in the treatment of previously treated advanced urothelial carcinomaJ Clin Oncol19971525895939053481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LogothetisCJHossanESellaADexeusFHAmatoRJFluorouracil and recombinant human interferon alfa-2a in the treatment of metastatic chemotherapy-refractory urothelial tumorsJ Natl Cancer Inst19918342852881994058
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VaughnDJBroomeCMHussainMGutheilJCMarkowitzABPhase II trial of weekly paclitaxel in patients with previously treated advanced urothelial cancerJ Clin Oncol200220493794011844814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SweeneyCJRothBJKabbinavarFFPhase II study of pemetrexed for second-line treatment of transitional cell cancer of the urotheliumJ Clin Oncol200624213451345716849761
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OrtmannCAMazharDSecond-line systemic therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladderFuture Oncol20139111637165124156324
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DreicerRLiHSteinMPhase 2 trial of sorafenib in patients with advanced urothelial cancer: a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology GroupCancer2009115184090409519536901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TwardowskiPStadlerWMFrankelPPhase II study of aflibercept (VEGF-Trap) in patients with recurrent or metastatic urothelial cancer, a California Cancer Consortium trialUrology201076492392620646741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NecchiAMarianiLZaffaroniNPazopanib in advanced and platinum-resistant urothelial cancer: an open-label, single group, phase 2 trialLancet Oncol201213881081622819172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NiegischGRetzMThalgottMSecond-line treatment of advanced urothelial cancer with paclitaxel and everolimus in a German phase II trial (AUO trial AB 35/09)Oncology2015892707825765871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WitjesJAComperatECowanNCEAU guidelines on muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer: summary of the 2013 guidelinesEur Urol201465477879224373477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlbersPParkSINiegischGRandomized phase III trial of 2nd line gemcitabine and paclitaxel chemotherapy in patients with advanced bladder cancer: short-term versus prolonged treatment (German Association of Urological Oncology [AUO] trial AB 20/99)Ann Oncol201122228829420682548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PatelMREllertonJAgrawalMAvelumab (MSB0010718C; anti-PD-L1) in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma progressed after platinum-based therapy or platinum ineligibleAnn Oncol201627Suppl 6777PD
   Google Scholar
• PfizerA Study of avelumab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (JAVELIN Bladder 100) Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02603432. NLM identifier: NCT02603432Accessed November 19, 2016
   Google Scholar
• MassardCGordonMSSharmaSSafety and efficacy of durvalumab (MEDI4736), an anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, in patients with advanced urothelial bladder cancerJ Clin Oncol201634263119312527269937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AstraZenecaStudy of MEDI4736 with or without tremelimumab versus standard of care chemotherapy in urothelial cancer Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02516241. NLM identifier: NCT02516241Accessed December 6, 2016
   Google Scholar
• GalskyMDRetzMSiefker-RadtkeAOEfficacy and safety of nivolumab monotherapy in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) who have received prior treatment: results from the phase II CheckMate 275 studyAnn Oncol201627Suppl 6LBA31
   Google Scholar
• MerckA study of pembrolizumab (MK-3475) versus paclitaxel, doc-etaxel, or vinflunine for participants with advanced urothelial cancer (MK-3475-045/KEYNOTE-045) Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT02256436. NLM identifier: NCT02256436Accessed November 19, 2016
   Google Scholar
• BellmuntJde WitRVaughnDJOpen-label, phase III study of pembrolizumab versus investigator’s choice of paclitaxel, docetaxel, or vinflunine for previously treated advanced urothelial cancerPoster presented at: 2016 SITC Annual MeetingNovember 9–13, 2016National Harbor, MD
   Google Scholar
• McDermottDFSosmanJASznolMAtezolizumab, an anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody, in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: long-term safety, clinical activity, and immune correlates from a phase IA studyJ Clin Oncol201634883384226755520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AntoniaSGoldbergSBBalmanoukianASafety and antitumour activity of durvalumab plus tremelimumab in non-small cell lung cancer: a multicentre, phase 1B studyLancet Oncol201617329930826858122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChenDSIrvingBAHodiFSMolecular pathways – next-generation immunotherapy: inhibiting programmed death-ligand 1 and programmed death-1Clin Cancer Res201218246580658723087408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FongLSmallEJAnti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody: the first in an emerging class of immunomodulatory antibodies for cancer treatmentJ Clin Oncol200826325275528318838703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MengXHuangZTengFXingLYuJPredictive biomarkers in PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapyCancer Treat Rev2015411086887626589760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar